Cov lus hais, cov txuj lom ntawm kev sau ntawv, txhawb cov ntawv los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov tob, txhawb kev sib cav, thiab nthuav qhia qhov kev xav. Phau ntawv qhia no tshawb txog lawv txoj kev siv tau zoo hauv ntau hom ntawv sau, los ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev sau ntawv. Peb mam li delve rau hauv kev nkag siab cov lus hais, lawv qhov tseem ceeb, thiab kev paub txog cov txheej txheem sau ntawv. Kawm kom yooj yim koom nrog cov lus hais hauv koj txoj haujlwm, tsis txhob plagiarism thiab txhim kho koj cov lus sib cav. Kab lus muaj cov lus qhia tswv yim ntawm kev siv cov lus hais hauv sau ntawv thiab kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov qauv sau ntawv raug thiab sib sau ua ke rau kev sau ntawv zoo.
Nkag siab cov lus hais: Lawv qhov thiab hom
Ib qho lus hais yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem lossis nqe lus qiv los ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Nws sawv cev rau cov lus uas tsis yog tsim los yog tsim los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv siv lawv. Feem ntau, cov lus hais tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom:
- Direct. Cov no yog verbatim excerpts los ntawm lwm cov ntawv nyeem los yog hais lus, replicated raws nraim li lawv tshwm sim los yog tau hais.
- Indirect (kev txhais lus). Ntawm no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv qub lossis cov lus hais tau muab, tab sis cov lus hloov pauv kom haum rau tus kws sau cov lus piav qhia.
- Thaiv. Siv rau cov excerpts ntev dua, feem ntau formatted txawv ntawm cov ntawv tseem ceeb los qhia txog lawv qhov qiv.
- Ib nrab. Cov no yog cov seem ntawm ib qhov chaw, koom ua ke rau hauv tus kws sau ntawv tus qauv kab lus.
Cov lus "quotation" thiab "quote" feem ntau siv sib hloov, txawm hais tias lawv muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv kev siv:
- “Quote” feem ntau yog siv los ua cov lus qhia los piav txog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev noj lossis rov hais cov lus los ntawm lwm qhov.
- “Quotation” yog ib lub npe uas hais txog cov lus tseeb uas tau muab los ntawm qhov chaw ntawd.
Hauv qhov kev sib tham no, peb yuav tshawb xyuas ntxiv tias cov lus sib txawv no tuaj yeem siv tau zoo hauv koj qhov kev sau ntawv, tsis yog tsuas yog ua raws li cov qauv kev kawm tab sis kuj tseem txhawb koj cov ntawv nrog ntau lub suab thiab kev xav.
Thaum koj tshawb txog ntau hom kev hais lus, nco ntsoov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm originality hauv koj txoj haujlwm. Peb tus kws kuaj mob plagiarism tuaj yeem pab xyuas kom koj qhov kev sau ntawv nyob twj ywm tshwj xeeb thiab tsis txhob muaj kev xav tsis zoo los ntawm plagiarism, ib qho kev pheej hmoo tshwm sim thaum siv lwm qhov chaw. Zwm npe thiab sim peb lub platform los txhawb koj txoj kev kawm ncaj ncees.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus hais hauv kev sau ntawv
Cov lus hais yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sau ntawv rau ntau qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb, feem ntau los txhawb kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev kawm los ntawm kev tsis txhob muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Kev Tub Sab Nyiag, kev coj tsis ncaj ncees ntawm kev siv lwm tus ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev lees paub zoo, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj hauv kev kawm thiab kev tshaj lij. Nov yog vim li cas cov lus hais yog qhov tseem ceeb:
- Tiv thaiv plagiarism. Kev hais tawm kom raug lees paub tias cov neeg sau ntawv muab credit rau cov tswv yim qub lossis cov lus ntawm lwm tus, yog li hwm cov tswv cuab kev txawj ntse.
- Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev plahaum. Kev ua tsis tau raws li qhov tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj, xws li kev nplua rau kev kawm, kev puas tsuaj lub koob npe nrov, thiab tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab.
- Tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg siab. Kev siv cov lus hais nrog cov ntawv pov thawj kom zoo qhia cov kev tshawb fawb ntxaws thiab ntxiv kev ntseeg siab rau tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm.
- Ethical sau ntawv. Nws tsis yog ib txoj cai nkaus xwb tab sis yog kev coj ncaj ncees hauv kev sau ntawv uas lees paub txog kev koom tes ntawm lwm cov kws tshawb fawb lossis cov peev txheej.
Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus hais thiab ua raws li cov cai sau tseg, cov kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem koom nrog cov tswv yim sab nraud rau hauv lawv txoj haujlwm thaum ua raws li cov qauv sau ntawv.
Referencing ib quotation
Nkag siab txog yuav ua li cas siv cov lus hais kom raug yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv. Nws lees paub tias thawj cov kws sau ntawv tau txais credit tsim nyog rau lawv txoj haujlwm thiab ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov txheej txheem sau ntawv. Cov ntawv sau sib txawv muaj lawv cov kev cai tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv. Tshooj lus no yuav qhia koj txog cov txheej txheem sau npe siv Chicago, MLA, thiab APA cov qauv, txhua tus muaj cov cai sib txawv thiab cov qauv tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev kawm.
Chicago style
Chicago-style citations feem ntau siv hauv keeb kwm thiab qee qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo. Qhov style no muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev siv cov lus hauv qab / cov ntawv xaus lossis cov ntawv sau hnub tim hauv cov ntawv sau.
| Txoj hauv kev los reference a: | Chicago | Piv txwv li |
| phau Ntawv | Lub Npe, Lub Npe. Lub npe ntawm Phau Ntawv. Lub Nroog Tshaj Tawm: Tshaj Tawm, Tshaj Tawm Xyoo. | Johnson, Emily. Ntiaj Teb Tag Nrho. New York: Future Press, 2020. |
| Lub vas sab | Sau Lub Npe, Lub Npe. "Title of Article." Lub Vev Xaib Lub Npe. Accessed Lub Hlis Hnub, Xyoo. URL | Burroughs, Amy. "TCEA 2021: Texas District Tackles Security los ntawm Sab Hauv Tawm." EdTech Magazine. Tau txais lub Plaub Hlis 10, 2023. https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2021/02/tcea-2021-texas-district-tackles-security-inside-out |
| Ntawv xov xwm | Tus sau (s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal, Volume, Issue, Year, pages. DOI lossis URL yog muaj. | Smith, John. "Innovations hauv Science." Phau ntawv Journal of Modern Discoveries, vol. 10, nr. 2, 2021, pp. 123-145. doi: 10.1234/jmd.2021.12345. |
| Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv citation format | Cov ntawv hauv qab lossis cov ntawv xaus feem ntau yog siv hauv Chicago style. Cov hom ntawv suav nrog tus sau lub xeem, lub npe ntawm phau ntawv lossis tsab xov xwm (ua luv yog tias tsim nyog), thiab nplooj ntawv tus lej (s). | (Smith, “Innovations in Science,” 130). |
MLA style
MLA style yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg, tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv, hom lus, thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kab lis kev cai. Hom ntawv no tsom mus rau tus sau-nplooj tus lej style rau cov ntawv sau cia.
| Txoj hauv kev los reference a: | MLA | Piv txwv li |
| phau Ntawv | Lub Npe, Lub Npe. Lub npe ntawm Phau Ntawv. Lub Nroog Tshaj Tawm: Tshaj Tawm, Hnub Tshaj Tawm. | Smith, John. Lub Ntiaj Teb ntawm Robotics. New York: FutureTech Press, 2021. |
| Lub vas sab | Tus sau lub xeem, Lub npe. "Title of Article." Lub Vev Xaib, URL. Nkag Hnub Lub Hlis Xyoo. | Burroughs, Amy. "TCEA 2021: Texas District Tackles Security los ntawm Sab Hauv Tawm." EdTech Magazine, 2021, https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2021/02/tcea-2021-texas-district-tackles-security-inside-out. Tau txais los ntawm 10 Plaub Hlis 2023. |
| Ntawv xov xwm | Tus sau (s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal, Volume, Issue, Year, pages. DOI | Johnson, Alice, thiab Mark Lee. "Climate Change and Coastal Cities." Environmental Studies, vol. 22, nr. 3, 2020, pp. 101-120. doi: 10.1010/es2020.1012. |
| Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv citation format | (Tus sau lub xeem lub npe nplooj ntawv). | Kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov neeg hlau yog hloov pauv kev lag luam (Smith 45). |
APA style
APA style feem ntau yog siv hauv kev xav, kev kawm, thiab qee yam kev tshawb fawb. Nws qhia txog tus sau-hnub hom ntawv rau cov ntawv sau cia.
| Txoj hauv kev los reference a: | APA | Piv txwv li |
| phau Ntawv | Tus Sau Lub Npe, Tus Sau Thawj Qhov Pib Thib Ob Yog tias muaj. (Xyoo Tshaj Tawm). Lub npe ntawm phau ntawv. Publisher Name. | Wilson, JF (2019). Tshawb nrhiav lub Cosmos. Stellar Publishing. |
| Lub vas sab | Tus sau lub xeem, Thawj thawj. (Xyoo, Lub Hlis Hnub Tshaj Tawm). Lub npe ntawm nplooj ntawv web. Lub vev xaib npe. URL. | Burroughs, A. (2021, Lub Ob Hlis). TCEA 2021: Texas koog tsev kawm ntawv tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm sab hauv tawm. EdTech MagazineCov. Los saib lub Plaub Hlis 10, 2023, los ntawm https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2021/02/tcea-2021-texas-district-tackles-security-inside-out. |
| Ntawv xov xwm | Tus sau lub xeem, Thawj thawj. Nruab nrab pib (Xyoo). Title. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), nplooj ntawv ntau yam. DOI lub URL. | Geake, J. (2008). Trends in digital education technology. Kev tshuaj xyuas kev kawm, 60 (2), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131880802082518. |
| Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv citation format | (Tus Sau Lub Npe, Xyoo Tshaj Tawm, p. nplooj ntawv tus lej ntawm cov lus hais). | Raws li tau tham los ntawm Brown (2021, p. 115), cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tau hloov pauv txoj kev kawm. |
Rau kev sau ntawv zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj ob qho tib si hauv cov ntawv sau thiab cov npe ua tiav ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv. Cov ntawv sau hauv ntawv feem ntau tshwm sim tom kawg ntawm kab lus thiab suav nrog tus sau lub xeem, xyoo luam tawm, thiab nplooj ntawv tus lej (rau APA) lossis nplooj ntawv tus lej nkaus xwb (rau MLA). Piv txwv li, APA hauv cov ntawv nyeem yuav zoo li no: (Brown, 2021, p. 115). Txhua tus qauv coj tus nyeem ntawv rov qab mus rau cov khoom siv, tso cai rau kev tshawb nrhiav tob dua ntawm cov haujlwm hais txog.
Kev siv cov ntsiab lus zoo hauv kev sau ntawv
Kev sib xyaw cov lus hais rau hauv kev sau ntawv tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tob thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm koj cov lus sib cav. Nqe lus no yuav tshawb xyuas seb yuav siv cov lus hais li cas hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm tsib kab lus sau ntawv.
Quotations introduction: Teem lub suab nrov
Cov lus qhia hauv cov ntawv sau qhia ua raws li kev sib koom ua ke. Ib qho kev ua tib zoo xaiv cov lus tuaj yeem rub cov neeg nyeem cov kev txaus siab, muab saib ua ntej ntawm cov ntawv sau lub ntsiab lus lossis cov ntsiab lus.
Piv txwv rau cov poj niam txoj cai sau ntawv:
- Pib nrog Malala Yousafzai cov lus hais, "Peb tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav thaum ib nrab ntawm peb raug tuav rov qab," tam sim ntawd koom nrog tus nyeem ntawv. Txoj hauv kev no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab succinctly teeb tsa theem rau kev sau ntawv tsom mus rau poj niam txoj cai.
Quotations nyob rau hauv lub cev kab lus: Strengthening arguments
Hauv lub cev ntawm kev sau ntawv, cov lus hais tuaj yeem ua pov thawj muaj zog txhawb koj cov lus sib cav. Lawv ntxiv txoj cai thiab kev ntseeg siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum coj los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij lossis cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Piv txwv rau climate change essay:
- Kev siv cov lus hais los ntawm ib tus kws paub txog huab cua nto moo hauv kev sib tham txog kev hloov pauv huab cua tuaj yeem txhawb koj qhov kev sib cav. Xws li cov lus hais xws li, "Cov pov thawj rau kev hloov pauv huab cua ceev yog qhov nyuaj," los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug ntxiv qhov hnyav thiab txoj cai rau koj cov ntsiab lus, ua rau lawv muaj kev txhawb nqa ntau dua hauv ib qho kev sib cav sib ceg.
Ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws hom ntawv sau
Cov lus hais tuaj yeem yog cov cuab yeej hloov tau los ntawm ntau hom kev sau ntawv, xws li:
- Cov lus piav qhia. Quotes tuaj yeem ntxiv qhov tob thiab kev xav rau tus kheej cov dab neeg lossis kev paub dhau los.
- Cov lus piav qhia. Cov lus piav qhia tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov pom thiab pom cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntawv sau.
- Expository sau ntawv. Ntawm no, quotes tuaj yeem muab qhov tseeb rov qab thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev xav los piav qhia cov ntsiab lus nyuaj.
Nco ntsoov, tus yuam sij rau kev hais lus zoo yog qhov tseeb thiab kev sib koom ua ke. Paub meej tias txhua qhov kev tsocai uas koj xaiv ncaj qha txhawb nqa thiab txhawb nqa koj cov ntsiab lus sau ntawv, txhawb nqa cov tswv yim zoo sib xws.
Cov lus hais tsis yog hais txog kev ntxiv cov lus los ntawm lwm qhov chaw; lawv hais txog kev txhim kho koj cov lus piav qhia, muab kev txhawb nqa zoo, thiab koom nrog koj cov neeg nyeem los ntawm qhov pib. Kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob sib koom ua ke rau hauv koj cov ntawv sau tuaj yeem txhawb nqa koj cov ntawv sau tau zoo.
Kev siv cov lus tshaj tawm hauv kev sau ntawv
Kev nkag siab txog ntau hom kev hais lus thiab lawv cov kev siv kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm koj cov ntawv sau. Tshooj lus no tsom mus rau kev siv tswv yim, muab kev qhia txog yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg siv ntau hom kev hais tawm kom zoo.
Cov lus hais ncaj qha
Cov lus hais ncaj qha suav nrog kev tsim cov lus raws nraim li lawv tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv. Hom kev hais lus no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev qhia cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, piav qhia cov lus sib cav, lossis tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv.
Piv txwv ntawm Shakespeare's "Hamlet" kev thuam:
- Tshaj tawm cov kab nto moo, "Yuav tsum yog, los yog tsis yog, yog lo lus nug," los ntawm "Hamlet" tuaj yeem hais txog nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua si. Txoj hauv kev no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus hais thaum ceeb toom cov kws sau ntawv kom sib npaug li cov lus hais nrog lawv tus kheej kev tshuaj xyuas rau qhov qub.
Siv cov ntawv sau
Cov nqe lus ncaj qha feem ntau yog muab tso rau hauv cov lus qhia kom pom tias lawv tau txais qiv. Cov cim cim, zoo li lub sij hawm los yog comma, feem ntau tuaj tom qab cov ntawv sau rau hauv cov cim.
Piv txwv li:
- “Kev ua yuam kev yog tib neeg; zam txim, los saum ntuj los” (Pope, 1711, p. 525).
Indirect quotations (paraphrasing)
Indirect quotations muaj rephrasing los yog summarizing tus thawj cov ntawv nyeem. Txoj kev no tso cai rau cov neeg sau ntawv sib koom ua ke cov khoom siv thaum khaws lawv cov suab tshwj xeeb.
Piv txwv ntawm paraphrasing Albert Einstein cov lus:
- Ib tug kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem piav qhia Einstein qhov kev xav los ntawm kev hais tias: "Einstein ntseeg tias kev xav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj li kev paub hauv kev tsav tsheb." Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tswv yim zoo li no tseem xav tau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kom zoo rau credit rau thawj qhov chaw.
Quotations hauv kev sib tham tsis tseeb
Kev siv cov lus hais hauv kev sib tham tsis tseeb yog ib qho txheej txheem hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. Nws suav nrog kev hais txog kev sib tham ntawm cov cim los txhawb thematic lossis kev txheeb xyuas tus cwj pwm.
Piv txwv rau kev txheeb xyuas "Pride and Prejudice":
- Hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice," hais txog kev sib tham ntawm Elizabeth Bennet thiab Mr. Darcy tuaj yeem siv los tshawb nrhiav kev txhim kho ntawm lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo. Txoj hauv kev no qhia txog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb thiab cov cwj pwm zoo hauv cov lus piav qhia.
Txhua hom kev hais tawm ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev sau ntawv. Cov lus hais ncaj qha qhia cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, cov lus hais tsis ncaj ua ke sib koom ua ke zoo, thiab cov lus sib tham ua rau muaj kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv rau lub neej. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv no yuav pab koj siv cov lus hais kom zoo dua hauv koj qhov kev sau ntawv.
Piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais
Cov lus hais, kos los ntawm ntau qhov chaw xws li kev sau ntawv, cov ntawv kawm, lossis cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov ntawv txheeb xyuas. Lawv muab pov thawj thiab qhov tob rau cov lus sib cav uas tau nthuav tawm. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas cov lus hais tuaj yeem siv tau zoo:
- Txhawb kev sib cav hauv kev sau ntawv. Hauv ib tsab ntawv hais txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv zej zog, tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav suav nrog cov lus hais los ntawm Steve Jobs: "Innovation txawv ntawm tus thawj coj thiab cov neeg ua raws." Cov lus hais no tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev sib cav txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev vam meej hauv zej zog.
- Quotations nyob rau hauv literary tsom xam. Txheeb xyuas cov classic zoo li Charlotte Brontë's "Jane Eyre," tus kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem siv cov lus hais los qhia txog lub zog ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Piv txwv li: "Kuv tsis yog noog, thiab tsis muaj net ensnares kuv: Kuv yog ib tug neeg dawb nrog lub siab nyiam." Cov lus hais no pab tshuaj xyuas Jane tus cwj pwm thiab cov ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev ywj pheej.
- Kev siv cov lus qhia hauv cov ntawv. Thaum cov kws sau ntawv suav nrog cov lus hais rau hauv lawv cov ntawv nyeem, qee zaum lawv siv tib cov lus hais rau ib qho kev tsocai hauv ib nqe lus. Piv txwv li, hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov lus keeb kwm, tus kws sau ntawv yuav hais tias: "Tus thawj coj tau tshaj tawm tias, 'Peb yuav tawm tsam ntawm ntug hiav txwv,' sib sau ua ke lub teb chaws tus ntsuj plig." Cov lus qhia ib leeg ntawm no qhia cov lus qhia ncaj qha hauv cov lus piav qhia loj dua.
Cov piv txwv no qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov lus hais tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv kev sau ntawv los muab kev txhawb nqa, qhov tob, thiab pom meej rau ntau qhov kev sib cav thiab kev tshuaj xyuas. Los ntawm kev ua tib zoo xaiv thiab sib koom ua ke cov lus hais, cov kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm.
xaus
| Quotations yog ntau dua li cov lus qiv; lawv yog cov cuab yeej muaj zog hauv cov kws sau ntawv lub arsenal. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov lus sib cav hauv cov ntawv sau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, cov lus hais ua pa ua lub neej rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Phau ntawv qhia no tau tshawb txog lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov lus hais, los ntawm lawv qhov xwm txheej mus rau lawv cov tswv yim siv hauv kev sau ntawv sib txawv. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev paub txog kev kos duab ntawm kev sau ntawv, cov kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem txhawb lawv txoj haujlwm, zam kev ua phem, thiab koom nrog lawv cov neeg nyeem ntau dua. Txawm hais tias siv los ntxias, piav qhia, lossis piav qhia, cov lus hais, thaum sib xyaw ua ke, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sau ntawv. Ua qhov feem ntau ntawm cov lus hais tau yooj yim thiab pom qhov hloov pauv zoo hauv koj cov haujlwm sau ntawv. " |
