Kutchula bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri polemba nkhani. Sizimangowonjezera kukhulupirika pamikangano yanu komanso zimakuthandizani kupewa misampha yachinyengo. Komabe, zomwe ophunzira nthawi zambiri samazindikira ndikuti njira yotchulira ndiyofunikanso chimodzimodzi. Mawu olakwika angapangitse kuti magirediwo achepe ndipo akhoza kusokoneza kukhulupirika kwa ntchitoyo.
| Lamulo lofunika kwambiri ndi ili: Ngati simunalembe nokha chidziwitsocho, muyenera kutchula gwero nthawi zonse. Kulephera kutchula magwero anu, makamaka pazolemba zapa koleji, ndikunama. |
Kutchula moyenera: masitayilo ndi kufunika
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolembera yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, iliyonse ili ndi malamulo ake ofotokozera ndi kupanga. Zina mwa masitayilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi awa:
- AP (Associated Press). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzolemba ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi media.
- APA (American Psychological Association). Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Social Sciences.
- MLA (Modern Language Association). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kwa anthu komanso zaluso zaufulu.
- Chicago. Yoyenera mbiri yakale ndi magawo ena, yopereka masitayelo awiri: zolemba-zolemba ndi zolemba za wolemba.
- Turabian. Mtundu wosavuta wamayendedwe aku Chicago, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ophunzira.
- Harvard. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku UK ndi Australia, imagwiritsa ntchito makina owerengera tsiku lolemba.
- IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo aukadaulo ndiukadaulo.
- AMA (American Medical Association). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapepala a zamankhwala ndi m'magazini.
| Kumvetsetsa zamtundu uliwonse ndikofunikira, makamaka popeza maphunziro osiyanasiyana ndi mabungwe angafunikire masitayelo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse funsani malangizo omwe mwapatsidwa kapena funsani mphunzitsi wanu kuti adziwe masitayelo omwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. |
Plagiarism ndi zotsatira zake
Plagiarism ndikugwiritsa ntchito cholembedwa, chonse kapena mbali yake, pazolinga zanu popanda kupereka mbiri yoyenera kwa wolemba woyamba. Kwenikweni, ili mu ligi yofanana ndi kuba zinthu kwa olemba ena ndikudzinenera kuti zinthuzo ndi zanu.
Zotsatira za kuba zimasiyana malinga ndi sukulu, kuopsa kwa cholakwacho, ndipo nthaŵi zina ngakhale mphunzitsi. Komabe, amatha kugawidwa motere:
- Zilango zamaphunziro. Kuchepetsa magiredi, kulephera pantchitoyo, kapena kulephera pamaphunzirowo.
- Zochita zolanga. Machenjezo olembedwa, kuyesedwa kwamaphunziro, ngakhale kuyimitsidwa kapena kuchotsedwa pamilandu yoopsa.
- Zotsatira zamalamulo. Milandu ina ikhoza kupangitsa kuti munthu alowe m'malo mwalamulo potengera kuphwanya malamulo.
- Zotsatira zoyipa pantchito yanu. Kuwononga mbiri kungawononge mwayi wamaphunziro ndi ntchito zamtsogolo.
The zotsatira zimadalira sukulu mumapezekapo. Masukulu ena atha kutengera lamulo la “Mipikisano itatu ndipo mwatuluka”, koma ndimapeza kuti mayunivesite ambiri amalolera kuzembera, ndipo samakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zingakusokonezeni poyamba.
| Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa kubera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito zonse zamaphunziro ndi zaukatswiri zimatchulidwa ndikutchulidwa moyenera. Nthawi zonse fufuzani ndondomeko kapena ndondomeko zachinyengo za bungwe lanu kuti mumvetse zotsatira zomwe mungakumane nazo. |
Momwe mungatchulire zoyambira: APA motsutsana ndi AP
Matchulidwe oyenera ndi ofunikira polemba zamaphunziro ndi atolankhani kuti apereke malingaliro kuchokera komwe adachokera, kupewa kubera, ndikuthandizira owerenga kutsimikizira zowona. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaphunziro ndi ma mediums nthawi zambiri amafuna masitaelo osiyanasiyana otchulira. Apa, tifufuza masitayelo awiri otchuka: APA ndi AP.
M'maphunziro kapena akatswiri, zolembedwa ndizofunikira kuti mupewe kubera ndikutsimikizira kuti china chake n'chodalirika pantchito yanu. Ulalo wosavuta kapena gawo la 'magwero' nthawi zambiri silingakwanire. Kulembedwa chifukwa cholembedwa molakwika kumatha kusokoneza momwe mumaphunzirira kapena mbiri yanu.
APA (American Psychological Association) ndi AP (Associated Press) mafomu ali m'gulu la masitayelo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, iliyonse imakhala ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana ndipo imafunikira chidziwitso chamtundu wina kuti ilembedwe.
- Maonekedwe a APA ndi otchuka kwambiri mu sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu monga psychology, ndipo amafunika kutchulidwa mwatsatanetsatane m'malemba komanso mu gawo la 'References' kumapeto kwa pepala.
- Mawonekedwe a AP amayamikiridwa polemba atolankhani, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kufotokoza mwachidule, m'malemba popanda kufunikira kwa mndandanda watsatanetsatane.
| Ngakhale pali kusiyana kumeneku, masitayelo onsewa ali ndi cholinga chachikulu chowonetsa chidziwitso ndi magwero momveka bwino komanso mwachidule. |
Zitsanzo zamatchulidwe mumitundu ya AP ndi APA
Mawonekedwewa amasiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake mumtundu wa chidziwitso chomwe chimafunikira pakutchulidwa.
Mwachitsanzo 1
Kutchula koyenera mu mtundu wa AP kungakhale motere:
- Malinga ndi usgovernmentspending.com, tsamba lomwe limatsata ndalama za Boma, ngongole ya dziko yakula ndi madola 1.9 thililiyoni pazaka zitatu zapitazi mpaka $18.6 trilioni. Uku ndi kukula kwa pafupifupi khumi peresenti.
Komabe, mawu omwewo mumtundu wa APA angakhale ndi magawo awiri. Mudzapereka zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi ndi chizindikiritso cha manambala motere:
- Malinga ndi usgovernmentspending.com, tsamba lomwe limatsata ndalama za Boma, ngongole ya dziko yakula ndi madola 1.9 thililiyoni pazaka zitatu zapitazi mpaka $18.6 trilioni.
- [1] Uku ndi kukula kwa pafupifupi khumi peresenti.
Kenako, mupanga gawo lapadera la 'Magwero' kuti mutchule moyenera, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiritso za manambala kuti zigwirizane ndi gwero lililonse lotchulidwa, monga momwe zilili pansipa:
SOURCES
[1] Chantrell, Christopher (2015, Sept. 3rd). "Nambala Zangongole Zaposachedwa Za US Federal Debt". Kuchotsedwa ku http://www.usgovernmentspending.com/federal_debt_chart.html.
Mwachitsanzo 2
Mumtundu wa AP, mumapereka chidziwitsocho mwachindunji ku gwero lomwe lili mkati mwazolemba, ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa gawo losiyana. Mwachitsanzo, munkhani yankhani, mutha kulemba:
- Malinga ndi Smith, mfundo zatsopanozi zitha kukhudza anthu 1,000.
Mu mtundu wa APA, mungaphatikizepo gawo la 'Sources' kumapeto kwa pepala lanu lamaphunziro. Mwachitsanzo, mungalembe kuti:
- Ndondomeko yatsopanoyi imatha kukhudza anthu 1,000 (Smith, 2021).
SOURCES
Smith, J. (2021). Kusintha kwa Ndondomeko ndi Zotsatira Zake. Journal of Social Policy, 14 (2), 112-120.
Mwachitsanzo 3
Mtundu wa AP:
- Smith, yemwe ali ndi PhD mu Environmental Science kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Harvard ndipo adasindikiza maphunziro angapo okhudza kusintha kwa nyengo, akunena kuti kukwera kwa madzi a m'nyanja kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zochita za anthu.
Mtundu wa APA:
- Kukwera kwamadzi am'nyanja kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zochita za anthu (Smith, 2019).
- Smith, yemwe ali ndi PhD mu Environmental Science kuchokera ku Harvard, wachita maphunziro angapo otsimikizira izi.
SOURCES
Smith, J. (2019). Zotsatira za Ntchito za Anthu Pakukwera kwa Mitsinje ya Nyanja. Journal of Environmental Science, 29 (4), 315-330.
| Kutchula bwino ndikofunikira pakulemba kwamaphunziro ndi utolankhani, ndi mawonekedwe a APA ndi AP omwe amapereka zosowa zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale APA imafuna gawo la 'Sources' latsatanetsatane, AP imaphatikiza zolembedwa mwachindunji. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti mukhalebe wodalirika komanso wowona mtima wantchito yanu. |
Kutsiliza
| Tikukhulupirira kuti inu, monga wophunzira, tsopano mukumvetsa kufunikira kotchula bwino komwe mwachokera. Phunzirani, ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Pochita izi, mumawonjezera mwayi wanu wopambana ndikusunga mbiri yolimba yamaphunziro. |
