Mu ufumu wa zolemba zamaphunziro, kuyang'ana zovuta za mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndikofunikira kuti amveke bwino komanso olondola. Nkhaniyi ndi chitsogozo cha mawu ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika mu Chingerezi, ndikuwunikira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito moyenera. Poyang'ana kwambiri mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, tikufuna kuwongolera kumveketsa bwino komanso kuchita bwino kwa zolemba zanu. Mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwa, ngati sanayankhidwe, angayambitse chisokonezo ndi kufooketsa mphamvu ya mikangano yamaphunziro.
Mwa mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika omwe tidzawafufuze ndi 'kafukufuku,' omwe nthawi zambiri amatsekeredwa m'mawu ake ndi maverebu, ndi 'komabe,' liwu lokhala ndi matanthauzo awiri omwe angasinthe kwambiri kamvekedwe ka chiganizo. Kuphatikiza apo, bukhuli lifotokozanso mawu ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika monga 'Principal vs. Principle' ndi 'Compliment vs. Complement,' kuwunikira kagwiritsidwe kawo koyenera. Kwa ophunzira ndi ophunzira mofanana, kumvetsetsa mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwaŵa n’kofunika kwambiri pokonzekera ntchito yaukatswiri yomveka bwino, yolimbikitsa, ndiponso yolondola. Lowani nafe kuthetsa zovuta za mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, ndikutsimikizira kuti zolemba zanu zamaphunziro ndi zamphamvu komanso zolondola.
'Kafukufuku'
Kafukufuku ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika polemba zamaphunziro, chifukwa amagwira ntchito ngati dzina komanso mneni. Ntchito ziwirizi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa chisokonezo pakati pa olemba.
Zitsanzo zakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndi izi:
- "Ndimachita nawo kafukufuku wokhudza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa."
- “Ndimafufuza za zitukuko zakale.”
Cholakwika chofala ndikugwiritsa ntchito 'zofufuza' ngati dzina lambiri. Komabe, 'research' ndi dzina losawerengeka, lofanana ndi 'chidziwitso' kapena 'zida,' ndipo liribe mawonekedwe ochulukitsa. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito koyenera kwa 'kafukufuku' kumangokhala ngati munthu wachitatu mneni umodzi.
Chitsanzo 1:
- Zolakwika: “Amachita kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wokhudza zamoyo zam’madzi.”
- Zolondola: "Amafufuza zamoyo zam'madzi."
Kuti athetse kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa kumeneku, munthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito 'kafukufuku' ngati liwu limodzi kapena kusankha njira ina yowerengeka monga 'zoyesera' kapena 'maphunziro.'
Chitsanzo 2:
- Zolakwika: "Pepalali likukambirana zofufuza zingapo za quantum physics."
- Zolondola: "Pepalali likukambirana za maphunziro angapo a quantum physics."
Pomvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kumeneku, kulondola ndi ukatswiri wa zolemba zamaphunziro zitha kuwongolera kwambiri. Gawoli likufuna kumveketsa bwino ma nuances awa, kuwonetsetsa kuti mawu oti 'kafukufuku' ali m'gulu la mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika sasokonezanso olemba.
Mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika: Kugwiritsa ntchito kawiri kwa 'Komabe'
Mawu oti 'koma' ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri m'gulu la mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika polemba zamaphunziro chifukwa cha matanthauzo ake awiri. Itha kugwira ntchito ngati chida chosiyanitsa chofanana ndi 'koma,' kapena kusonyeza digiri kapena m'njira, monga 'mwanjira iliyonse.'
Kuzindikiritsa kagwiritsidwe koyenera ka 'komabe' kumatengera zizindikiro. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa, 'komabe' nthawi zambiri imabwera pambuyo pa semicolon kapena nyengo ndipo imatsatiridwa ndi koma. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mawu akuti 'koma' akagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza 'm'njira ina iliyonse' kapena 'pamlingo uliwonse,' sizimafunikira koma kutsatira.
Zitsanzo zowonetsera:
- Zolakwika: “Iye amakonda nyimbo zachikale, komabe, rock si momwe iye amafunira.”
- Zolondola: “Iye amakonda nyimbo zachikale; komabe, mwala si mmene amakondera.”
- Zolakwika: “Iye ankapita kumisonkhano; komabe akhoza kukonza.
- Zolondola: “Ankapita kumsonkhano koma akanakonza.”
Mu chitsanzo choyamba cholondola, 'komabe' akuwonetsa kusiyanitsa. Chachiwiri, limasonyeza mmene chinthu chiyenera kuchitidwira. Kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kumeneku kungathandize kwambiri kumveketsa bwino komanso kulondola kwa zolemba zamaphunziro, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi mawu osinthika koma ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
Ndani motsutsana ndi izo
Kulakwitsa kofala m'mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kumakhudza chisokonezo pakati pa 'ndani' ndi 'uyo.' Polemba zamaphunziro, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito 'ndani' polozera anthu, ndi 'izo' potanthauza zinthu kapena zinthu.
Zitsanzo zowonetsera kusiyanako:
- Zolakwika: "Wolemba yemwe adalemba phunziroli adalemekezedwa."
- Zolondola: "Wolemba yemwe adalemba phunziroli adalemekezedwa."
- Zolakwika: "Wasayansi yemwe adapeza chinthu chofunikira adafunsidwa."
- Zolondola: "Wasayansi yemwe adapeza chinthu chofunikira adafunsidwa."
Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira chifukwa sikumangowonjezera kulondola kwa galamala komanso kuwerengeka komanso luso la zolemba zanu. Kufotokozera uku ndikofunika kwambiri popewa mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika omwe angakhudze momwe ntchito yanu yamaphunziro imawonekera.
Izi/izi vs. izo/izo
M'zolemba zamaphunziro, mawu owonetsera 'izi / izi' ndi 'azo / awo' amakhalanso mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli m'lingaliro la mtunda umene amaonetsa. 'Izi' ndi 'izi' zikusonyeza zinazake zapafupi kapena zomwe zakambidwa posachedwa, pomwe 'izo' ndi 'izo' zimalozera ku chinthu chakutali kapena chomwe sichinatchulidwe pakali pano.
Taganizirani zitsanzo izi:
- Zolakwika: "Lingaliro lofotokozedwa m'bukuli, malingaliro amenewo ndi osintha."
- Zolondola: "Lingaliro lofotokozedwa m'bukuli, malingaliro awa ndi osintha."
- Zolakwika: “M’mutu wapitawu, mkanganowo unaunika bwinobwino.”
- Zolondola: "M'mutu wapitawu, mkangano uwu udawunikidwa bwino."
- Zolakwika: "Zoyeserera zomwe zidachitika chaka chatha, izi zasintha kumvetsetsa kwathu."
- Zolondola: "Zoyeserera zomwe zidachitika chaka chatha, zomwe zasinthazo zasintha kumvetsetsa kwathu."
Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera 'izi/izi' ndi 'izo/izo' ndikofunikira kuti zimveke bwino. Mawuwa amathandiza kutchula malo a mutu wake mu nthawi kapena malo. 'Izi' ndi 'izi' zimatanthawuza mitu yomwe yangotchulidwa posachedwa, kukulitsa kulumikizana kwa owerenga ndi mutuwo. Kumbali ina, 'izo' ndi 'izo' zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitu yamakambirano am'mbuyomu kapena kupitilira apo. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mawuwa ndikofunikira polemba zamaphunziro kuti zithandizire kulankhulana momveka bwino komanso kothandiza, kupewetsa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
Ndani motsutsana ndi ndani
Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera 'ndani' ndi 'ndani' ndikofunikira ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala chisokonezo. Gwiritsani ntchito 'ndani' m'mawu omwe angasinthidwe ndi 'iye' kapena 'iye.' 'Yemwe' ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe 'iye' kapena 'iye' angagwirizane, makamaka pambuyo pa mawu oyamba monga 'kwa,' 'ndi,' kapena 'kuchokera.'
Kumbali ya galamala, 'ndani' ndiye mutu (amene akuchita) chiganizo, pamene 'yemwe' amatumikira monga chinthu (amene amalandira).
Chitsanzo 1: Mutu ndi chinthu
- Zolakwika: "Mkazi yemwe adalandira mphothoyo adalemekezedwa pamwambowo." (Anapambana mphoto)
- Zolondola: "Mkazi yemwe adapambana mphothoyo adalemekezedwa pamwambowo." (Anawina award)
Chitsanzo 2: Kutsatira Mneneri
- Zolakwika: "Aphunzitsi, omwe amasilira, adalandira mphotho." (Iwo adamukonda)
- Zolondola: "Mphunzitsi, yemwe amasilira, adalandira mphotho." (Iwo ankamukonda)
Chitsanzo 3: M’ziganizo Zovuta
- Zolakwika: "Wothamanga yemwe mphunzitsi adawona kuti akhoza kuchita bwino." (Mphunzitsi adawona)
- Zolondola: "Wothamanga yemwe mphunzitsi adawona kuti akhoza kuchita bwino." (Mphunzitsi adamuwona)
Kumvetsetsa kagwiritsiridwe ntchito koyenera ka 'ndani' ndi 'ndani' kumawongolera kulondola ndi kukhazikika kwa zolemba zamaphunziro, kutchula amodzi mwa mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika m'nkhani zamaphunziro. Kudziwa zimenezi n’kothandiza kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti galamala ndi yolondola komanso yomveka bwino polankhulana maganizo.
Zomwe zimatsutsana ndi izo
Chisokonezo chapakati pa 'chomwe' ndi 'chimenecho' nthawi zambiri chimayamba chifukwa chosamvetsetsa kusiyana kwa ziganizo zoletsa ndi zosaletsa. Zigawo zoletsa, zofunika ku tanthauzo la chiganizo, gwiritsani ntchito 'izo.' Mawu osaletsa amapereka zambiri, zosafunikira ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito 'chomwe,' chodziwika ndi koma mu American English.
Chitsanzo 1: Ndime yoletsa
- Zolakwika: "Galimoto yomwe ili ndi dzuwa imathamanga kwambiri." (Zikutanthauza kuti magalimoto onse okhala ndi dzuwa amathamanga)
- Zolondola: "Galimoto yomwe ili ndi dzuwa imathamanga kwambiri." (Imatchula galimoto inayake)
Chitsanzo 2: Mawu osaletsa
- Zolakwika: "Buku lomwe ndidagula dzulo linali logulitsidwa kwambiri." (Zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yogula ndiyofunikira)
- Zolondola: "Buku, lomwe ndidagula dzulo, linali logulitsidwa kwambiri." (Zowonjezera za novel)
Chitsanzo 3: Kugwiritsa ntchito Chingerezi ku UK
Mu English English, 'omwe' angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa onse awiri, koma kugwiritsa ntchito ma comma kumagwirabe ntchito ku zigawo zosaletsa.
- "Nyumbayi, yomwe idakonzedwa posachedwa, yapambana mphoto." (Zopanda malire, UK English)
Kumvetsetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mawu oti 'amene' ndi 'amene' muzochitika izi ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri yopewera mawu olakwika.
Kukhudza motsutsana ndi zotsatira
Mawu oti 'affect' ndi 'effect' nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika polemba zamaphunziro chifukwa cha matchulidwe ofananawo. Amatha kugwira ntchito monga dzina ndi mneni koma ali ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana.
Chitsanzo 1: Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu
- Zolakwika: "Nyengo idasokoneza mapulani athu tsikuli." (Zikutanthauza kuti nyengo idayambitsa mapulani athu)
- Zolondola: "Nyengo idasokoneza mapulani athu tsikuli." ('Affect' monga verebu limatanthauza kukopa)
'Kukhudza' monga verebu limatanthauza kukopa kapena kusintha, pamene 'zochitika' monga dzina limatanthawuza zotsatira kapena zotsatira za zochita.
Chitsanzo 2: Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu
- Zolakwika: "Mfundo yatsopanoyi idakhudzanso anthu ammudzi." (Amagwiritsa ntchito 'affect' molakwika ngati dzina)
- Zolondola: "Mfundo yatsopanoyi idakhudzanso anthu ammudzi." ('Effect' monga dzina limatanthawuza zotsatira)
Nthawi zina, mawu akuti 'effect' amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mneni kutanthauza kuti chinthu chichitike.
Chitsanzo 3: 'Zochita' ngati mneni
- Zolakwika: "Manejala adakhudza kusintha kwa dipatimentiyi." (Ikuonetsa kuti manejala akhudza zosintha)
- Zolondola: "Manejala adasintha mu dipatimentiyi." ('Effect' monga mneni amatanthauza kubweretsa kusintha)
Kuonjezera apo, 'affect' ikhoza kukhala dzina lachidziwitso chamaganizo, kutanthauza zomwe zikuwonetsedwa kapena kuwonedwa.
Chitsanzo 4: 'Kukhudza' mu psychology
- "Kukhudza kwapang'onopang'ono kwa wodwalayo kunali kuda nkhawa kwa wodwalayo." (Apa, 'affect' monga dzina limatanthawuza kufotokoza maganizo)
Chidziwitso ichi chimatsimikizira kulondola pofotokoza maubwenzi oyambitsa ndi kukhudzidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana amaphunziro.
Principal vs. Principle
Mawu oti 'mkulu' ndi 'mfundo' nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika polemba zamaphunziro, ngakhale ali ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana. 'Principal,' amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dzina, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza munthu wotsogola, monga mutu wa sukulu, kapena amafotokoza chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pagulu. Kumbali ina, 'mfundo' imaimira choonadi chofunika kwambiri, lamulo, lamulo, kapena muyezo.
Chitsanzo 1: 'Principal' ngati dzina
- Zolakwika: "Mfundo yaikulu ya chiphunzitsocho ndi yosavuta kumvetsa."
- Zolondola: “Mphunzitsi wamkulu pasukulupo analankhula ndi ana asukulu.” ('Mkulu' m'nkhaniyi akulankhula ndi munthu amene ali ndi udindo wotsogolera)
Chitsanzo 2: 'Mfundo' ngati mfundo yofunikira
- Zolakwika: "Iye amatsatira mphunzitsi wake wamkulu wa kukhulupirika."
- Zolondola: “Anatsatira mfundo yake yaikulu ya kuona mtima.”
'Mfundo' imagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuimira choonadi chofunika kwambiri, lamulo, lamulo, kapena muyezo.
Posiyanitsa mosamalitsa pakati pa 'prinsibility' ndi 'principle,' olemba amatha kupewa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri m'malemba a maphunziro, kupititsa patsogolo kumveka bwino ndi luso la ntchito yawo. Mawu awa, ngakhale ali ofanana m'mawu, amakhala ndi zolinga zosiyana kwambiri ndipo ndi ofunikira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera chifukwa ndi mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
Kuyamikira vs. Kuwonjezera
Mawu awiri omaliza omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi akuti 'chiyamikiro' ndi 'chothandizira.' Ngakhale kuti amamveka mofanana, liwu lililonse lili ndi tanthauzo lapadera, ndipo kuwasokoneza kungasinthe kwambiri uthenga wa chiganizo.
Chitsanzo 1: 'Yamikani' ngati matamando
'Kuyamikira' kumatanthauza mawu oyamikira kapena oyamikira. Apa, 'kuyamikira' kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza ndemanga yabwino yoperekedwa ndi munthu wina.
- Zolakwika: "Analandira chidziwitso chabwino pa nkhani yake."
- Zolondola: "Analandira chiyamikiro chabwino pa ulaliki wake."
Chitsanzo 2: 'Kuthandizira' monga chowonjezera
'Wothandizira' amatanthauza chinthu chomwe chimamaliza kapena kukonza china. Pamenepa, 'wothandizira' amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza momwe luso lake limakwaniritsira kapena kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka gulu.
- Zolakwika: "Maluso ake ndiwoyamikira kwambiri timuyi."
- Zolondola: "Maluso ake ndiwothandiza kwambiri timu."
Samalani kuti mutsimikizire kuti mawu anu akufotokoza bwino lomwe tanthauzo lanu.
Sinthani zolemba zanu zamaphunziro ndi nsanja yathu
Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mawu awa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, ndikofunikiranso kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yanu yamaphunziro ndi yoyambira komanso yowala. Tsamba lathu loyang'anira plagiarism ikhoza kukhala gwero lamtengo wapatali pankhaniyi. Sizimangothandiza kutsimikizira zomwe mwalemba, komanso zimaperekanso ntchito zingapo zowongolera zolemba zanu:
- Kuwonetsa umboni. Amapereka ntchito zowerengera bwino, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukonza zolakwika za galamala, kalembedwe, ndi zilembo. Njirayi ikufuna kuwongolera kwambiri zolembedwa zanu, kuwonetsetsa kumveka bwino komanso kulondola.
- Zolemba pamanja. Timamvetsetsa kufunikira kotsatira zofunikira za masanjidwe amaphunziro, kuphatikiza kukula kwa zilembo, masitayilo, mtundu, masitayilo, ndi masanjidwe a ndime. Ntchito yathu idapangidwa kuti ikuthandizireni kupanga zolemba zojambulidwa bwino zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo ndi malangizo a sukulu yanu yamaphunziro.
Kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yanu ilibe chinyengo komanso kufotokozedwa bwino ndikofunikira pakulemba kwamaphunziro. Pitani ku nsanja yathu kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe ntchito zathu zingathandizire pazochita zanu zamaphunziro, kukupatsani chithandizo chokwanira pazosowa zanu zolembera.
Kutsiliza
| Bukuli lafotokozera momveka bwino za zovuta za mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika polemba zamaphunziro. Tapenda zachinyengo za chinenero zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa chisokonezo, kukupatsani chidziwitso chothana ndi zovuta zotere. Kumvetsetsa izi sikungokhudza kulondola kwamaphunziro; ndi za kukulitsa kulumikizana kwanu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zolemba zanu zikuyimira bwino malingaliro anu ndi malingaliro anu. Pamene mukupitiriza ulendo wanu wamaphunziro, sungani maphunzirowa m'maganizo kuti muwongolere kumveka bwino ndi kulondola kwa ntchito yanu, ndikupangitsa mawu aliwonse kukhala ofunika ku ntchito yanu yaukatswiri. |
