Kuwunika mafunso: Njira, mitundu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera

M'dziko lathu lodzaza ndi data, mafunso ndi kiyi yamphamvu yotsegula zomwe anthu amaganiza, kumva, ndi kuchita. Kaya ndikufufuza zomwe zikuchitika pamsika, kumvetsetsa momwe anthu akumvera, kapena kudziwa zambiri zamakhalidwe azaumoyo, kudziwa momwe mungakonzekere mafunso abwino ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Nkhaniyi si malangizo chabe; ndikulowa kwanu mdziko lofunsa mafunso oyenera. Tidzakuyendetsani pazofunikira popanga mafunso, mpaka kuti mumvetsetse mayankho. Chifukwa chake, konzekerani kulowa m'dziko lamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafunso, pomwe funso lililonse limatsegula mwayi watsopano ndi zidziwitso zomwe zikuyembekezeka kupezedwa.

Mafunso ndi chiyani?

Mafunso ndi mafunso opangidwa bwino omwe cholinga chake ndi kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zamalingaliro, malingaliro, ndi machitidwe a anthu. Ndi chida chapadziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimatha kujambula chilichonse kuyambira zenizeni mpaka malingaliro ozama. Mafunso amakwaniritsa zolinga ziwiri:

• Kusanthula kokwanira. Amasintha zochitika zenizeni kukhala deta yoyezeka, kuwerengera malingaliro ndi zochita za anthu.
• Malingaliro abwino. Amapereka chiwongolero ku nkhani zapadera za oyankha ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwanu kwa zomwe adakumana nazo.

Mafunso ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pazamalonda ndi kafukufuku wamagulu a anthu mpaka maphunziro azaumoyo. Kwa ophunzira, atha kukhala chida champhamvu chowunikira mbali zosiyanasiyana zamaphunziro ndi moyo wakusukulu. Mungagwiritse ntchito mafunso kuti muphunzire maganizo a anzanu okhudzana ndi kukhazikika pa sukulu, kupeza ndemanga pa ntchito zothandizira ophunzira, kapena kachitidwe ka kafukufuku ndi zotsatira zake pa maphunziro. Kaya mukuchita pulojekiti ya m'kalasi, mukufufuza motsogozedwa ndi ophunzira, kapena mukungofuna kudziwa zinazake tsa, mafunso angapereke deta yamtengo wapatali ndi zidziwitso.

Mitundu yamafunso

Potumiza mafunso, njira yoyendetsera ntchito imakhala yofunika kwambiri pamtundu ndi mtundu wa deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa. Kwenikweni, titha kugawa njirazi m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:

• Kutenga nawo mbali kwachindunji kwa woyankhayo kumadziwika kuti "kudzilamulira."
• Kupyolera mu kuyanjana kwachindunji ndi wofufuza, yemwe amadziwika kuti "oyendetsedwa ndi ofufuza."

Tiyeni tifufuze mozama mu njira iliyonse kuti timvetsetse ubwino wake wapadera ndi zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo.

Mafunso achindunji omwe atenga nawo mbali

Njirayi ndiyotchuka chifukwa ndiyothandiza komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pamlingo waukulu. Ophunzira atha kumaliza mafunsowa nthawi yomwe angafune, pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja zapaintaneti kapena mapepala azikhalidwe. Zopindulitsa zazikulu ndi izi:

• Kuthekera komanso kufikira kotakata. Zabwino pamaphunziro ochulukirapo popanda bajeti zazikulu.
• Zazinsinsi komanso kusadziwika. Njirayi imapangitsa anthu kukhala okonzeka kugawana nawo, makamaka pamitu yovuta.
• kusinthasintha. Ophunzira atha kuyankha munthawi yawo, kukulitsa mwayi wopeza mayankho oganiza bwino.

Mavuto omwe ali ndi njirayi ndi awa:

• screen. Sikuti onse atha kukhala ndi luso lotha kuwerenga.
• Chinkhoswe. Popanda chilimbikitso chachindunji, ena sangathe kulemba mafunsowo.
• Mayankho kukondera. Zambiri zitha kuwonetsa zambiri kuchokera kwa omwe ali okonzeka kutenga nawo mbali.

Mafunso otsogozedwa ndi ofufuza

Mwanjira iyi, wofufuza amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali, kaya kudzera pa foni, pamasom'pamaso, kapena olankhula pa intaneti. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito izi imalola kuti:

• Zitsanzo zomwe mukufuna. Imawonetsetsa kuti pali gulu losiyanasiyana la oyankha.
• Kulongosola. Kuthetsa mwamsanga kusamvana kulikonse.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kutenga nawo mbali. Kuyanjana kwaumwini kungapangitse mitengo yomaliza.

Komabe, njira iyi ili ndi zovuta zake:

• Zothandizira kwambiri. Pamafunika nthawi yambiri komanso ndalama zambiri.
• Kusanthula kovuta. Mayankho oyenerera angafunike njira zowunikira mwatsatanetsatane.
• Zotheka kukondera. Wofufuzayo ali pamenepo akhoza kusintha mayankho pang'ono.

Kukonzekera mafunso anu: Otsegula-omaliza vs. Otsekedwa

Kupanga kwamafunso ndikofunikira pakufufuza, chifukwa mtundu wafunso umakhudza kuzama ndi mtundu wa chidziwitso chomwe mumasonkhanitsa. Mafunso otseguka amapereka zambiri zofotokozera, pomwe mafunso otsekedwa amapereka chidziwitso chosavuta kudziwa. Kusakaniza koyenera kumadalira zolinga za phunziro lanu ndi mlingo wa tsatanetsatane wofunikira.

Mafunso otsekedwa: Mayankho opangidwa

Mafunso otsekedwa amawongolera mayankho m'magulu osankhidwa, kuwapangitsa kukhala osavuta kusanthula ndi manambala. Ndiwoyenera kuwerengera malingaliro, machitidwe, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. M'munsimu muli mitundu ina ya mafunso otsekedwa, pamodzi ndi zitsanzo ndi momwe mayankho angawonekere:

• Zosankha zingapo. "Ndi masukulu ati omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri?"
  • Library
  • cafeteria
  • Kolimbitsira Thupi
  • Zipinda zophunzirira
• Mulingo wokulirapo. Onetsani kukhutitsidwa kwanu ndi malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi pasukulupo pamlingo wa 1 mpaka 5.
  • 1 (Sindikukhutira kwambiri) - 5 (Ndakhutira kwambiri)
• Inde / Ayi. "Kodi munayamba mwapitako ku gawo la maphunziro a campus?"
  • inde
  • Ayi

Poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso otsekedwa, ndikofunikira kuyesa zabwino ndi zofooka zawo:

• ubwino. Mafunsowa amalola kuyankha mwachangu komanso kusavuta kusanthula.
• sitingathe. Pali chiwopsezo choti sangaphatikize kwathunthu malingaliro onse oyankha. Kuyika njira ya "Zina (chonde tchulani)" kungathandize kuthana ndi kusiyana kumeneku.

Mafunso osayankhidwa: Malingaliro opanda malire

Mafunso otseguka amalola oyankha kuti afotokoze malingaliro awo momasuka, kupereka zidziwitso zingapo pazomwe adakumana nazo komanso malingaliro awo. Ganizirani zitsanzo zotsatirazi kuti muwone mayankho osiyanasiyana a mafunsowa:

• “Kodi mungapangire zosintha zotani pagawo lophunzirira la laibulale yathu?”
• "Fotokozani nthawi yomwe mudamva kuti mukuthandizidwa kwambiri ndi membala wasukulu."
• "Ndi zovuta zotani zomwe mumakumana nazo powerengera mayeso?"

Kuwona mawonekedwe a mafunso otseguka, timawulula zomwe angathe kusintha komanso zovuta zomwe amayambitsa:

• Zabwino. Tengani zambiri, zatsatanetsatane zomwe zitha kuwulula zidziwitso zatsopano.
• Zoganizira. Pamafunika khama kwambiri kugawa ndi kusanthula. Njira zolembera kapena kusanthula mitu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauzira mayankho mwadongosolo.

Kukwaniritsa luso la mawu a mafunso

Momwe mumayankhira mafunso kungakhudze kwambiri mayankho omwe mumalandira, kukhudza kudalirika ndi kutsimikizika kwa kafukufuku wanu. Tiyeni tifufuze pokonzekera mafunso omveka bwino, olinganiza, komanso olunjika kuti tipeze zidziwitso zomveka komanso zodalirika.

Kulemba momveka bwino

Mafunso omveka bwino ndi ofunikira kuti tipeze mayankho ogwira mtima. Onetsetsani kuti mafunso anu ndi osavuta kumva komanso kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe omvera anu akumana nazo. Njira zogwira mtima ndi izi:

• Kuphweka ndi kulunjika. Gwiritsani ntchito chilankhulidwe chowongoka ndi kulondola. Mafunso osamveka bwino angapangitse mayankho osadziwika bwino.
• Kuyesedwa ndi kukhudzidwa kwa chikhalidwe. Yesani mafunso anu ndi gulu laling'ono kuchokera kwa omvera anu kuti muzindikire kusamvana kulikonse ndikuganizira za kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe kuti mupewe kukondera.
• Kusamala. Kukhala ndi mafunso afupikitsa komanso olunjika kumathandiza kuti oyankhawo asamacheze komanso kupewa chisokonezo.

Kuyika malire pakupanga

Momwe mungayankhire funso likhoza kupanga mayankho ake. Mafunso osakondera kapena okhazikika nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati otseguka, pomwe osakhazikika bwino amatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa. Mwachitsanzo:

• ndale. "Kodi maganizo anu ndi otani pa ndondomeko za ntchito zakutali?"
• zabwino. "Ndimapindu otani omwe mukuwona mu ndondomeko za ntchito zakutali?"
• Wachisoni. "Ndi mavuto ati omwe mwakumana nawo ndi ndondomeko za ntchito zakutali?"

Kuphatikizika kwa mafelemu kumatha kupangitsa kuti malingaliro amveke bwino, makamaka pamitu yovuta kapena pozindikira zovuta. Kumbukirani, chofunika kwambiri ndi kusalowerera ndale ndi kupewa kutsogolera woyankhayo.

Kuyankha mafunso otsogolera

Mafunso omwe amatsogolera ku mayankho enaake amatha kuwongolera zomwe mwafufuzazo, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola. Ndikofunikira kuti mafunso alole mayankho aulere, kuwonetsetsa kuti zotsatira zake ndi zenizeni. Njira zopewera mafunso otsogolera ndi izi:

• Kusalowerera Ndale. Osatanthauza yankho lolondola kapena malingaliro ambiri mufunsolo.
• Cholinga. Chotsani chilankhulo chomwe chingathe kukondera kapena kuwongolera yankho la woyankhayo.
• Kuzindikira. Samalani mawu monga "Anthu ambiri amaganiza ..." omwe amatha kukondera mayankho potanthauza chizolowezi.

Chitsanzo chofanizira:

• Tonga. “Poganizira mapindu otsimikizirika a kuchita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi nthaŵi zonse, kodi mumachita zolimbitsa thupi kangati?”
• ndale. Kodi mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kangati?

Kuyesa mafunso anu pafupipafupi ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire ndikukonza mafunso omwe angakutsogolereni mwadala.

Kuika maganizo pa mutu umodzi pa nthawi

Kuyang'ana mutu umodzi pafunso lililonse ndikofunikira kuti ukhale womveka bwino komanso wolondola. Mafunso amitundu yambiri amatha kusokoneza oyankha ndikufooketsa kuchuluka kwa data yanu. Ngati funso likukhudza mbali zambiri, ganizirani:

• Kuyankha mafunso ovuta. Penyani mafunso omwe amaphatikiza malingaliro kapena maphunziro angapo. Izi zingafunike kuzigawa m'mafunso osavuta komanso olunjika.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso obwereza. Ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso owonjezera kuti muyankhe pamitu yosiyanasiyana, kwinaku mukuyang'ana momveka bwino funso loyambalo.

Chitsanzo chofanizira:

• Funso lodzaza. "Kodi mukukhulupirira kuti mfundo zatsopano zapasukulupo zithandizira chitetezo cha ophunzira komanso kuchita bwino pamaphunziro?"
• Mafunso okhazikika.
  • "Kodi mukukhulupirira kuti ndondomeko yatsopano ya sukuluyi ithandizira chitetezo cha ophunzira?"
  • "Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndondomeko yatsopano ya sukuluyi idzapititsa patsogolo maphunziro?"

Kutsatira mfundozi kumathandizira kuti mafunso anu amveke bwino, asamayende bwino, komanso azitha kuyang'ana bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zidziwitso zomwe zikuwonetsa momwe oyankha anu amawonera komanso kusonkhanitsa deta yanu.

Mukatsimikizira kuti funso lililonse lakonzedwa momveka bwino, moyenera, komanso molunjika, gawo lotsatira pakuwongolera mafunso anu ndikuwunika momwe mafunso akuyankhira. Masanjidwe a mafunso amatha kukhudza kwambiri momwe mayankho amayankhira komanso zidziwitso zomwe mumapeza.

Strategizing funso lotsatira

Masanjidwe a mafunso mu kafukufuku wanu ndi wofunikira kuti mupeze mayankho anzeru komanso olondola. Kukonzekera bwino kumatha kusintha oyankha kuchokera ku zoyambira kupita ku zochulukirapo, pomwe kusanja dongosolo la anthu osiyanasiyana kungathandize kuchepetsa kukondera.

Kukula kokhazikika

M'kupita kwanthawi, mafunso amasuntha kuchoka ku zosavuta kupita ku zovuta, kumapanga kuyenda bwino komwe kumatsogolera oyankha ku mitu yakuya. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kuti otenga nawo mbali azikhala otanganidwa komanso kuchepetsa kutopa msanga. Kuyambitsa mafunso osintha kungathandize kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka kafukufuku pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana, kuonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino.

Zotsatira zamadongosolo zitha kukhudza kwambiri mayankho, makamaka pankhani zokhudzana ndi malingaliro amunthu. Mwachitsanzo, momwe mafunso a chizolowezi amafunsidwa atha kusintha malingaliro kuzinthu zina.

Kulandira randomization

Kusamutsa mwachisawawa kumapatsa woyankha aliyense mndandanda wamafunso apadera, kugawa bwino zomwe zingachitike komanso kulimbikitsa deta yolondola. Komabe, kuyesayesa kwamaganizidwe kofunikira kuti mudutse mitu mwachisawawa kumafunikira kulingalira mozama kuti mayankho akhale apamwamba.

Zitsanzo zothandiza

• Njira yokhazikika. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi moyo atha kuyamba ndi mafunso ambiri okhudza zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyang'ana pang'onopang'ono pazaumoyo wina.
• Njira yosasinthika. Kafukufuku wokhutitsidwa ndi kasitomala atha kusintha magawo pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zautumiki kuti apewe kuyankha.

Kuphatikizira mafunso okhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu pamalo ofunikira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera kapena njira zamagulu ngati pakufunika kungawongolere kafukufukuyu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa kwa oyendetsa ndikofunikira kuti muwone ndikusintha zotsatira zosayembekezereka.

Pokonzekera mosamalitsa dongosolo la mafunso anu, mutha kupanga kafukufuku yemwe samangopereka zidziwitso zofunikira komanso kuti oyankha anu azikhala ndi chidwi komanso kukhudzidwa.

Kalozera: Momwe mungapangire mafunso

Kupanga mafunso ogwira mtima ndi luso komanso sayansi, kuphatikiza kukonzekera mosamala ndikumvetsetsa mozama omvera anu. Bukhuli likupereka njira 10 zowongoka kuti mupange mafunso omwe amakupatsani zidziwitso zofunikira ndikulemekeza nthawi ya omwe akutenga nawo mbali ndi zomwe apanga:

1. Fotokozani zolinga zanu. Tchulani zolinga zomveka bwino, zomwe mungathe kuzipimika. Mukufuna zidziwitso ziti? Kodi mukuyang'ana machitidwe, machitidwe, kapena machitidwe? Onetsetsani kuti funso lililonse likugwirizana ndi zolinga izi kuti muyang'ane komanso kufunikira kwake.
2. Muzimvetsa omvera anu. Fananizani mafunso anu ndi luso la chinenero cha omvera anu, chikhalidwe chawo, ndi chidziwitso cha mutuwo. Izi ndizofunikira pakupangitsa mafunso kukhala omveka bwino komanso oyenera, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mayankho ofunikira.
3. Sankhani njira yobweretsera. Sankhani pakati pa mawonekedwe odzipangira okha ndi omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ofufuza, poganizira tanthauzo la kapangidwe kake. Mwachitsanzo, mafunso a digito amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito, pomwe mapepala amatha kupindula ndi mafunso achidule, achidule.
4. Konzani mafunso anu. Phatikizani mafunso osayankhidwa kuti akuya ndi otsekeka kuti mudziwe zambiri. Ikani patsogolo kumveketsa bwino ndi kuphweka kwa mawu kuti mupewe kusamvana, ndipo pewani kukondera kapena kutsogoza mawu.
5. Tsimikizirani mtundu wa mafunso. Sungani momveka bwino, kuyang'ana, ndi kusalowerera ndale m'mafunso anu. Yankhani mutu umodzi pafunso lililonse kuti musasokonezeke. Onjezani mafunso okhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu poyambira kuti muthandize oyankha kuti amve bwino ndi kafukufukuyu kapena pamapeto kuti asasokoneze mayankho awo ku mafunso akulu.
6. Konzani mafunso momveka bwino. Yambani ndi mafunso ozama musanalowe mwatsatanetsatane. Gwiritsani ntchito mwachisawawa ngati kuli kotheka kuti muchepetse zotsatira za dongosolo la mafunso, makamaka pamitu yovuta. Gwiritsani ntchito masinthidwe osalala kuti aziyenda bwino.
7. Mayeso oyendetsa ndege. Yesani mtundu woyeserera wa mafunso anu ndi magulu osiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa omwe mukufuna. Yang'anani kumvetsetsa bwino ndi kugwira ntchito bwino, makamaka pazinthu monga njira ya mafunso ndi mayankho. Sonkhanitsani ndemanga za momwe kulili kosavuta kumaliza ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji, kenako gwiritsani ntchito chidziwitsochi kukonza mafunso anu.
8. Gawani ndikusonkhanitsa mayankho. Yesetsani kutenga nawo mbali mokulira komanso kosiyanasiyana. Tsatirani zinsinsi za data komanso mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino, makamaka pochita ndi zinthu zachinsinsi, kuti mutsimikizire kuti woyankhayo amakhulupirira komanso kukhulupirika kwa data.
9. Unikani ndi kupereka lipoti. Gwiritsani ntchito kusanthula kwamutu pamayankho otseguka komanso njira zowerengera mafunso opanda mayankho. Nenani zomwe mwapeza m'njira yofikirika, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu achindunji kuti mufotokoze mfundo zazikulu ndikulemeretsa nkhaniyo.
10. Lingalirani zochita zotsatira. Kutengera ndi zomwe mwapeza, pezani njira zomwe mungathe kuchita kapena mipata yowonjezereka yofufuza kuti muthetse zidziwitso zomwe zavundidwa.

Kuphatikizira mosamalitsa masitepe awa pamapangidwe anu a mafunso kudzakuthandizani kusonkhanitsa mfundo zofunika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zomwe akuyankhazo zimakhala zabwino. Njirayi imatsogolera kuzinthu zodziwika bwino ndikuthandizira kusankha mwanzeru kutengera zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa.

Kusintha deta kukhala zidziwitso

Pambuyo posonkhanitsa mayankho, kusanthula ndi kutanthauzira deta ndikofunikira kuti muwulule zidziwitso zomveka zobisika mkati. Njirayi imaphatikizapo njira zochulukira komanso zowoneka bwino, iliyonse imapereka chidziwitso chapadera pamayankho omwe asonkhanitsidwa.

Kusanthula deta

Kaya mukuchita ndi manambala ochokera ku mafunso otsekedwa kapena nkhani zochokera ku mayankho otseguka, njira yowunikira iyenera kukhala mwadongosolo:

• Zambiri zowerengera. Gwiritsani ntchito ziwerengero zoyambira kuti mufotokoze mwachidule zambiri ndi njira zapamwamba kuti muwone momwe zinthu zikugwirizanirana ndikuyesa malingaliro anu. Izi zingaphatikizepo kulingalira zapakati, kuyang'ana mawonekedwe, kapena kuyang'ana momwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zingagwirizane.
• Zambiri zoyenerera. Zimaphatikizapo njira monga kusanthula mitu, pomwe mayankho amagawidwa m'mitu, kapena kusanthula zomwe zili m'mawunidwe okonzedwa bwino. Cholinga chake ndikuzindikira machitidwe obwerezabwereza kapena mawu ofunikira omwe amawonetsa zomwe oyankha anu adakumana nazo.

Kuwona deta

Kusankha zida zoyenera zowonera kumatha kusintha ma data ovuta kukhala omveka bwino, omveka bwino. Kaya ndi tchati chosavuta kapena tchati chatsatanetsatane, onetsetsani kuti zowonera zikuyimira zomwe mwapeza ndipo ndizosavuta kuti omvera anu amvetsetse.

Kutanthauzira zotsatira

Kutanthauzira kuyenera kuzikidwa pa data komanso kuganizira mozama za phunzirolo, kuphatikiza zoperewera zake. Njira yowonongekayi imatsimikizira kuti ziganizo sizimangotengera manambala kapena mayankho koma zimasonyezanso zenizeni zenizeni za zomwe zapezazo.

Kuyenda zovuta

Zovuta zofala pakutanthauzira kwa data zimaphatikizapo chiopsezo chopanga mfundo zazikulu kuchokera ku gulu laling'ono kapena kusokoneza kulumikizana ndi zoyambitsa. Kukumbukira misampha iyi ndikuwunika mozama zomwe zasungidwa kungathandize kupewa zolakwika zomwe wambazi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zomwe mwaganiza ndi zamphamvu komanso zodalirika.

Kutsiliza

Kuyenda padziko lonse la mafunso kuli ngati ulendo, kuwulula zobisika zamalingaliro ndi machitidwe aumunthu. Funso lililonse lokonzedwa bwino limakhala ngati kiyi yotsegulira zidziwitso zofunikira, kuphatikiza kukhwima kwa sayansi ndi kukhudza kwanzeru. Ndondomekoyi, kuyambira pakupanga mpaka kutanthauzira, ikuwonetsa momveka bwino, chifundo, ndi kukhulupirika, kuwonetsetsa kuti yankho lililonse likuchitidwa moyenerera. Kusonkhanitsa deta sikumangowonjezera zambiri; imamanga njira zomvetsetsa, kuwonetsa zochitika zambiri za anthu ndikuwongolera zisankho zodziwitsidwa ndi kulumikizana mwakuya.