Zinsinsi za njira yofufuzira: Kalozera wozama

Yambitsani ulendo wanu wamaphunziro ndi kalozera wathunthu wa njira zofufuzira. Bukuli lopangidwira makamaka ophunzira, limapangitsa kuti kafufuzidwe kakulidwe kabwino ndi kofunikira. Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire njira zoyenera paphunziro lanu, kaya ndi njira zabwino, zochulukira, kapena zosakanikirana ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zimapangitsa kafukufuku wanu kukhala wodalirika komanso wokhutiritsa. Uwu ndiye mseu wanu wofunikira pakuwunika kwaukatswiri, wopereka chitsogozo cham'mbali pagawo lililonse la kafukufuku wanu.

Kutanthauzira kwa njira zofufuzira

M'mawu olunjika, lingaliro la njira yofufuzira limagwira ntchito ngati dongosolo la kufufuza kulikonse. Zimasintha kutengera mafunso omwe phunziroli likufuna kuyankha. Kwenikweni, njira yofufuzira ndi chida chapadera cha njira zosankhidwa kuti zilowerere m'dera linalake lakusaka.

Kuti musankhe njira yoyenera, muyenera kuganizira zokonda pa kafukufuku wanu komanso mtundu ndi mtundu wa deta yomwe mukufuna kusonkhanitsa ndikusanthula.

Mitundu ya njira zofufuzira

Kuyendera malo a njira zofufuzira kungakhale kovuta chifukwa cha njira zambiri zomwe zilipo. Ngakhale njira zazikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimayang'ana pazabwino, kuchuluka, komanso njira zosakanikirana, kusiyanasiyana m'magulu oyambirawa ndikokulirakulira. Ndikofunikira kusankha njira yomwe ikugwirizana bwino ndi zolinga zanu za kafukufuku, kaya kusanthula kachitidwe ka manambala, kutsogolera kufufuza mozama kwa zochitika za anthu, kapena kuphatikiza njira zonse ziwiri.

M'magawo otsatirawa, tiwona mozama njira zonse zazikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikulu,kuchulukirako,kuchuluka, ndi njira zosakanizika. Tiwona mitundu yawo yaying'ono ndikukupatsani chitsogozo cha nthawi ndi momwe mungawagwiritse ntchito pofufuza.

Quantitative kafukufuku methodology

Kafukufuku wochulukirachulukira ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula manambala. Kafufuzidwe kafukufukuyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'machitidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza koma osangokhala pazachuma, malonda, psychology, ndi thanzi la anthu. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowerengera kutanthauzira deta, ofufuza nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosanjidwa ngati kafukufuku kapena zoyeserera zoyendetsedwa kuti atole zambiri. M'chigawo chino, tikufuna kufotokoza mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kafukufuku wochuluka: Kufotokozera ndi Kuyesera.

	Kafukufuku wofotokozera wochuluka	Kafukufuku wochuluka woyeserera
cholinga	Kufotokozera chodabwitsa kudzera mu data quantifiable.	Kutsimikizira maubale oyambitsa-ndi-zotsatira kudzera mu data yowerengeka.
Chitsanzo funso	Ndi amayi angati omwe adavotera munthu wina wosankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti?	Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yophunzitsira kumapititsa patsogolo ziyeneretso za ophunzira?
Gawo loyamba	Zimayamba ndi kusonkhanitsa deta mwadongosolo osati kupanga malingaliro.	Zimayamba ndi mawu oneneratu omwe amakhazikitsa kafukufuku (hypothesis).
Hypothesis	Lingaliro silimapangidwa poyambira.	Lingaliro lodziwika bwino limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga kulosera kwachindunji za zotsatira za kafukufuku.
Zosiyanasiyana	N / A (sizikugwira ntchito)	Kusiyanasiyana kodziyimira pawokha (njira yophunzitsira), Kusintha kodalira (ziwerengero zoyeserera za ophunzira)
Kayendesedwe	N / A (sizikugwira ntchito)	Kupanga ndi kuchita kuyesera kuti agwiritse ntchito kusintha kodziyimira pawokha ndikuwerengera momwe zimakhudzira zomwe zimadalira.
Zindikirani	Deta imalipidwa ndikufotokozedwa mwachidule.	Deta ya manambala yosonkhanitsidwa imawunikidwa kuti ayese malingaliro ndi kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa kutsimikizika kwake.

Kafukufuku wofotokozera komanso woyeserera amakhala ngati mfundo zofunika kwambiri pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku. Iliyonse ili ndi mphamvu zake zapadera ndi ntchito zake. Kafukufuku wofotokozera amapereka zithunzi zofunikira za zochitika zinazake, zoyenera kufufuza koyambirira kapena kufufuza kwakukulu. Kumbali inayi, kafukufuku wa Experimental amalowera mozama, ndikuwunika zomwe zimayambitsa-ndi-zotsatira m'makonzedwe olamulidwa.

Kusankha pakati pa ziwirizi kuyenera kugwirizana ndi zolinga zanu zofufuzira, kaya mukufuna kungofotokoza zomwe zikuchitika kapena kuyesa lingaliro linalake. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi kungathandize ochita kafukufuku kupanga maphunziro ogwira mtima komanso opindulitsa.

Njira zofufuzira zoyenera

Kufufuza koyenera kumayang'ana pa kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta yosawerengeka monga mawu olembedwa kapena olankhulidwa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zomwe anthu adakumana nazo pamoyo wawo ndipo amapezeka m'magulu monga chikhalidwe cha anthu, chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi psychology. Njira zoyambirira zosonkhanitsira deta nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zoyankhulana, kuyang'ana ophunzira, ndi kusanthula malemba. Pansipa, tikuwonetsa mitundu itatu yayikulu ya kafukufuku wamakhalidwe abwino: Ethnography, Narrative Research, and Case studies.

	Ethnography	Kafukufuku wofotokozera	Mlanduwu maphunziro
cholinga	Kuphunzira zikhalidwe ndi maubwenzi a anthu kudzera m'mawu achindunji.	Kumvetsetsa zokumana nazo za anthu enieni kudzera m'nkhani za moyo wawo.	Kufufuza zochitika zinazake mkati mwa nkhani inayake.
Main data source	Zolemba zatsatanetsatane zochokera muzowunikira mozama.	Zokambirana zazitali ndi anthu paokha.	Njira zingapo, kuphatikiza ziganizo ndi zoyankhulana.
Ofufuza enieni	Ethnographers	Akatswiri ofufuza amaganizira kwambiri nkhani.	Ofufuza oyenerera adayang'ana zochitika zapadera mkati mwazochitika zapadera.
Mwachitsanzo	Kuphunzira momwe chipembedzo chimakhudzira anthu ammudzi.	Kujambula nkhani za moyo wa anthu amene anapulumuka tsoka lachilengedwe.	Kufufuza momwe masoka achilengedwe amakhudzira sukulu ya pulayimale.

Iliyonse mwa mitundu iyi ya kafukufuku waluso ili ndi zolinga zake, njira, ndi ntchito. Ethnography imayang'ana kufufuza za chikhalidwe cha anthu, kafukufuku wa Narrative amafuna kumvetsetsa zokumana nazo zapayekha, ndipo Kafukufuku wofufuza amayesetsa kumvetsetsa zochitika m'malo enaake. Njirazi zimapereka chidziwitso cholemera, cha zochitika zomwe zili zofunika kumvetsetsa zovuta za khalidwe laumunthu ndi zochitika za anthu.

Kafukufuku wosakanikirana

Kafukufuku wosakanikirana amaphatikiza njira zabwino komanso zochulukira kuti apereke malingaliro athunthu avuto la kafukufuku. Mwachitsanzo, pofufuza momwe njira yatsopano yoyendera anthu imakhudzira anthu ammudzi, ochita kafukufuku angagwiritse ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Njira zochulukira. Kufufuza kungathe kuchitidwa kuti asonkhanitse deta pazitsulo monga mitengo yogwiritsira ntchito, nthawi yoyendayenda, ndi kupezeka konse.
• Njira zamakhalidwe abwino. Zokambirana zamagulu kapena zoyankhulana za munthu m'modzi zitha kuchitidwa ndi anthu ammudzi kuti awone momwe akukhutidwira, nkhawa zawo, kapena malingaliro awo okhudzana ndi dongosolo latsopanoli.

Njira yophatikizikayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri m'maphunziro monga kukonza m'matauni, mfundo za anthu, ndi sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Posankha njira yofufuzira, ofufuza ayenera kuganizira zolinga zazikulu za kafukufuku wawo:

• Ngati kafukufuku akufuna kusonkhanitsa deta ya manambala kuti afufuze ziwerengero, a kuchuluka njira zingakhale zoyenera kwambiri.
• Ngati cholinga ndikumvetsetsa zochitika, malingaliro, kapena zochitika zamagulu, a njira yabwino ayenera kukumbatiridwa.
• Kuti mumve zambiri zavuto la kafukufukuyu, a njira zosakanikirana zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri.

Pogwirizanitsa njira zawo ndi zolinga zawo zamaphunziro, ochita kafukufuku akhoza kusonkhanitsa deta yowonjezereka komanso yopindulitsa.

Zigawo 9 za njira yofufuzira

Ochita kafukufuku atasankha njira yofufuzira yomwe ikugwirizana bwino ndi zolinga za kafukufuku wawo, sitepe yotsatira ndiyo kufotokoza zigawo zake payekha. Zigawozi - zomwe zikukhudza chilichonse kuyambira chifukwa chake adasankha njira inayake kupita kuzinthu zamakhalidwe zomwe akuyenera kuziganizira - sizimangoyang'ana njira. Amakhala ngati nsanamira zomwe zimapereka dongosolo lathunthu komanso lomveka bwino pantchito yofufuza. Chilichonse chimakhala ndi zovuta zake komanso zovuta zake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ofufuza azitha kuthana nazo bwino kuti apereke kafukufuku wathunthu, wowonekera, komanso wamakhalidwe abwino.

1. Kulingalira pakusankha njira

Chigawo choyambirira komanso chofunikira kwambiri cha njira yofufuzira ndikutsimikizira njira yosankhidwa. Ochita kafukufuku ayenera kuganizira mozama chifukwa cha njira yomwe asankha kuti atsimikizire kuti ikugwirizana ndi zolinga za phunzirolo.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Posankha njira yofufuzira yophunzirira m'mabuku, ochita kafukufuku ayenera choyamba kufotokoza zolinga zawo za kafukufuku. Angakhale ndi chidwi chofufuza mmene buku la mbiri yakale limasonyezera zokumana nazo zenizeni za anthu panthaŵiyo. Pamenepa, kufunsana moyenerera ndi anthu amene anakhalapo m’zochitika zofotokozedwa m’bukuli kungakhale njira yabwino yokwaniritsira zolinga zawo.
• Mwinanso, ngati cholinga chake ndi kumvetsetsa momwe anthu amaonera malemba pa nthawi yomwe adasindikizidwa, wofufuzayo angapeze chidziwitso chofunikira poyang'ana zolemba zakale, monga zolemba zamanyuzipepala kapena ndemanga zamakono za nthawi imeneyo.

2. Kupeza malo ochitira kafukufuku

Chinthu chinanso chofunikira popanga njira yofufuzira ndikuzindikira malo opangira kafukufuku, omwe amawonetsa komwe ntchito zenizeni zofufuzira zidzachitikira. Zosintha sizimangokhudza momwe kafukufukuyu akuyendera komanso zingakhudzenso ubwino ndi kudalirika kwa deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Pakafukufuku wamakhalidwe abwino omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zoyankhulana, ochita kafukufuku sayenera kusankha malo okha komanso nthawi ya zoyankhulanazi. Zosankha zimachokera ku ofesi yovomerezeka kupita kumalo oyandikana nawo, chilichonse chimakhala ndi zotsatira zake pakusonkhanitsa deta. Nthawi imathanso kusinthidwa malinga ndi kupezeka komanso kutonthoza kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Palinso zina zowonjezera pazokambirana zaubwino, monga:

• Phokoso ndi zododometsa. Tsimikizirani kuti malowa ndi opanda phokoso komanso opanda zododometsa kwa wofunsa mafunso komanso wofunsidwa.
• Zida zojambulira. Sankhani pasadakhale kuti ndi zida zotani zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito polemba zofunsazo komanso momwe zidzakhazikitsire pazomwe mwasankha.

• Kwa omwe akuchita kafukufuku wochulukirachulukira, zosankha zimayambira pamafunso apaintaneti omwe amapezeka kulikonse kupita ku kafukufuku wamapepala omwe amachitidwa m'malo ena monga makalasi kapena mabizinesi. Poyesa zosankhazi, zinthu zofunika kuziganizira ndizo:

• Kufikira ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kufufuza kwapaintaneti kumatha kukhala ndi mwayi wofikira anthu ambiri, koma kungayambitsenso kukondera ngati magulu enaake sakhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito intaneti.
• Mayankho mitengo. Zosinthazi zitha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amamaliza kafukufukuyu. Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kwa munthu payekha kungapangitse mitengo yomaliza.

Posankha malo ochitira kafukufuku, ndikofunikira kuyang'ananso zolinga zazikulu za kafukufukuyu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wofufuza akufuna kufufuza mozama pazochitika zaumwini zokhudzana ndi zochitika zakale, kujambula zizindikiro zosalankhula monga nkhope ndi thupi kungakhale kofunikira. Chifukwa chake, kuchita zoyankhulana m'malo omwe otenga nawo mbali amakhala omasuka, monga m'nyumba zawo, kutha kutulutsa chidziwitso chambiri komanso chatsatanetsatane.

3. Zoyenera kusankha otenga nawo mbali

Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri popanga njira yofufuzira ndi kuzindikira ndi kusankha anthu ochita nawo kafukufuku. Omwe asankhidwa akuyenera kukhala m'gulu la anthu kapena gulu lomwe likufunika kuyankha funso lakafukufuku kapena kukwaniritsa zolinga za kafukufukuyo.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Ngati wofufuza wodziwa bwino akufufuza zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la m'maganizo chifukwa cha ntchito yakutali, kungakhale koyenera kuphatikiza antchito omwe asintha kupita kuntchito zakutali. Zosankha zingaphatikizepo zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga mtundu wa ntchito, zaka, jenda, ndi zaka zambiri za ntchito.
• Nthawi zina, ofufuza sangafunikire kulemba anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kafukufukuyu akukhudzana ndi kusanthula zolankhula pagulu za andale, zomwe zidalipo kale ndipo palibe chifukwa cholembera anthu.

Kutengera zolinga zenizeni komanso momwe kamangidwe ka kafukufukuyu, njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira otenga nawo mbali zingafunike:

• Kafukufuku wochuluka. Pazofukufuku zomwe zimayang'ana pamawerengero, njira yotsatsira mwachisawawa ingakhale yoyenera kutsimikizira oimira ndi osiyanasiyana zitsanzo za omwe atenga nawo mbali.
• Anthu apadera. Pazochitika zomwe kafukufuku akufuna kuti aphunzire gulu lapadera, monga asilikali ankhondo omwe ali ndi PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder), kusankha mwachisawawa sikungakhale koyenera chifukwa cha makhalidwe apadera a dziwe la ophunzira.

Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kuti ochita kafukufuku afotokoze momveka bwino momwe otenga nawo mbali adasankhidwira ndikupereka zifukwa zopangira chisankhochi.

Njira yosamala iyi yosankha omwe akutenga nawo mbali imapangitsa kuti kafukufukuyu akhale wotsimikizika komanso wodalirika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomwe zapezazo zikhale zogwira mtima komanso zodalirika.

4. Chivomerezo cha chikhalidwe ndi kulingalira

Zolinga zamakhalidwe siziyenera kukhala zongopeka pantchito iliyonse yofufuza. Kupereka kukhulupirika kwa kafukufuku sikumangoteteza nkhanizo komanso kumapangitsa kuti zofufuzazo zikhale zodalirika komanso zothandiza. M'munsimu muli mbali zina zofunika kuziganizira zamakhalidwe abwino:

• Unikaninso chivomerezo cha board. Pakafukufuku wokhudza nkhani za anthu, kupeza chivomerezo kuchokera ku bungwe lowunika nthawi zambiri kumafunika.
• Zinsinsi zachinsinsi. Mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino zimagwiranso ntchito pazinthu monga zinsinsi za data posanthula deta yachiwiri.
• Kusamvana kwa chidwi. Kuzindikira mikangano yomwe ingakhalepo ndi udindo wina wamakhalidwe abwino.
• Thandizo lodziwitsidwa. Ochita kafukufuku ayenera kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira zopezera chilolezo kuchokera kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali.
• Kuthana ndi nkhawa zamakhalidwe. Ndikofunikira kufotokoza momwe ziwopsezo zamakhalidwe zimachepetsedwera, zomwe zitha kuphatikiza njira ndi ndondomeko zazovuta zamakhalidwe.

Kuyang'ana kwambiri pazotsatira zamakhalidwe mu nthawi yonse ya kafukufuku ndikofunikira kuti phunziroli likhale lolimba komanso lodalirika.

5. Kuwonetsetsa kuti kafukufuku ndi wolondola komanso wodalirika

Kuwonetsetsa kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa njira zofufuzira ndikofunikira. Kulondola kumatanthawuza momwe zofukufukuzo ziliri pafupi ndi choonadi chenichenicho, pamene kukhulupirika ndi mawu otambasuka omwe amaphatikizapo mbali zosiyanasiyana za kafukufuku, monga kudalirika, kusamutsa, kudalirika, ndi kutsimikizira.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Pakafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zofunsa mafunso, wina afunse kuti: Kodi mafunso ofunsidwa nthawi zonse amapereka mtundu womwewo wa chidziwitso kuchokera kwa ophunzira osiyanasiyana, kusonyeza kudalirika? Kodi mafunsowa ndi omveka poyeza zomwe akufuna kuyeza? Pakufufuza kochulukira, ofufuza nthawi zambiri amafunsa ngati masikelo kapena zida zawo zidatsimikiziridwa kale muzofufuza zofananira.

Ochita kafukufuku ayenera kufotokoza momveka bwino momwe akukonzera kuti atsimikizire kuti zonse ndi zolondola komanso zodalirika pa kafukufuku wawo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kuyesa oyendetsa ndege, kuunikanso kwa akatswiri, kusanthula ziwerengero, kapena njira zina.

6. Kusankha zida zosonkhanitsira deta

Popanga njira yofufuzira, ochita kafukufuku ayenera kupanga zisankho zovuta zokhudzana ndi mitundu ya deta yomwe amafunikira, zomwe zimakhudza kusankha kwawo pakati pa magwero oyambirira ndi apamwamba.

• Magwero oyambira. Awa ndi magwero oyambilira a chidziwitso omwe ali othandiza kwambiri poyankha mafunso ofufuza. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo kuyankhulana kwabwino ndi kafukufuku wosinthidwa mwamakonda mu maphunziro ochuluka.
• Magwero achiwiri. Awa ndi magwero achiwiri omwe amapereka deta kutengera kafukufuku wa munthu wina kapena zomwe wakumana nazo. Atha kupereka nkhani zambiri ndikuphatikiza zolemba zamaphunziro ndi mabuku.

Mtundu wa data ukasankhidwa, ntchito yotsatira ndikusankha zida zoyenera zosonkhanitsira deta:

• Zida zoyenera. Mu kafukufuku wamakhalidwe abwino, njira ngati zoyankhulana zitha kusankhidwa. 'Protocol yofunsa mafunso,' yomwe ili ndi mndandanda wa mafunso ndi zolemba zofunsa mafunso, imakhala ngati chida chosonkhanitsira deta.
• Kusanthula zolembalemba. M'maphunziro omwe amayang'ana pakusanthula zolemba, zolemba zazikulu kapena zolemba zingapo zomwe zimawunikira kafukufuku nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati gwero loyambira la data. Deta yachiwiri ikhoza kukhala ndi mbiri yakale monga ndemanga kapena zolemba zomwe zidasindikizidwa panthawi yomwe mawuwo adalembedwa.

Kusankha mozama kwa magwero a deta ndi zida zosonkhanitsira ndikofunikira pokonzekera njira yolimbikitsira yofufuza. Zosankha zanu ziyenera kugwirizana ndi mafunso ndi zolinga za kafukufuku kuti zitsimikizire kuti zomwe mwapezazo ndi zowona.

7. Njira zowunikira deta

Mbali ina yofunika kwambiri ya njira yofufuzira ndi njira zowunikira deta. Izi zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa komanso zolinga zomwe wofufuzayo walemba. Kaya mukugwira ntchito ndi deta yabwino kapena yochulukira, njira yanu yomasulira idzakhala yosiyana kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Deta yolondola. Ofufuza nthawi zambiri "amalemba" deta yodziwika bwino, kufunafuna kuzindikira mfundo zazikulu kapena machitidwe mkati mwachidziwitso. Izi zitha kuphatikiza zolemba zoyankhulirana kuti mupeze mitu yobwerezabwereza kapena malingaliro.
• Zambiri za data. Mosiyana ndi izi, kuchuluka kwa deta nthawi zambiri kumafunikira njira zowerengera zowunikira. Ofufuza nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zowonera monga ma chart ndi ma graph kuti awonetse zomwe zikuchitika komanso maubwenzi omwe ali mu datayo.
• Kafukufuku wamabuku. Poyang'ana pa maphunziro a zolembalemba, kusanthula deta kungaphatikizepo kufufuza ndi kuwunika kwa magwero achiwiri omwe amapereka ndemanga palemba lomwe likufunsidwa.

Mukamaliza kufotokoza njira yanu yosanthula deta, mungafune kumaliza gawoli powunikira momwe njira zomwe mwasankha zikugwirizanirana ndi mafunso ndi zolinga zanu za kafukufuku, kutsimikizira kukhulupirika ndi zowona za zotsatira zanu.

8. Kuzindikira malire a kafukufuku

Monga gawo lomaliza la njira yofufuzira, ofufuza akuyenera kukambirana momasuka zopinga ndi zolepheretsa zomwe zili mu kafukufuku wawo, komanso malingaliro amakhalidwe omwe amagwirizana nawo. Palibe kufufuza komwe kungathetsere mbali iliyonse ya phunziro; Choncho, maphunziro onse ali ndi malire ake:

• Mavuto azachuma komanso nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwa bajeti kapena kuletsa nthawi kungakhudze kuchuluka kwa omwe atenga nawo mbali omwe wofufuza angaphatikizepo.
• Kukula kwa phunziroli. Zochepera zingakhudzenso kukula kwa kafukufukuyu, kuphatikiza mitu kapena mafunso omwe sangayankhidwe.
• Malangizo a makhalidwe abwino. Ndikofunikira kufotokoza momveka bwino mfundo zamakhalidwe zomwe zimatsatiridwa mu kafukufukuyu, kutsimikizira kuti ndondomeko zamakhalidwe abwino zidadziwika ndikutsatiridwa.

Kuzindikira zofooka izi komanso malingaliro abwino ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga njira yofufuzira yomveka bwino komanso yodziwira nokha ndi mapepala.

Kupititsa patsogolo luso lamaphunziro ndi zida zathu zapadera

Paulendo wofufuza zamaphunziro, gawo lomaliza limaphatikizapo kuyenga ndi kutsimikizira ntchito yanu. nsanja yathu imapereka ntchito zopangidwira kukonza ndi kuteteza zoyesayesa zanu zofufuza:

• Kuzindikira ndi kuchotsa kwachinyengo kwachinyengo. Dziko lathu lodalirika padziko lonse lapansi ofufuza zakuba zimatsimikizira chiyambi cha kafukufuku wanu, kumamatira ku maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri. Kupitilira kuzindikira, ntchito yathu imaperekanso mayankho a plagiarism kuchotsa, kukutsogolerani pakufotokozeranso kapena kukonzanso zomwe zili mukamasunga zoyambira za ntchito yanu.
• Thandizo la akatswiri owerengera. Sinthani pepala lanu lofufuzira kukhala mbambande yopukutidwa ndi akatswiri athu ntchito yowerengera. Akatswiri athu adzakonza zolembera zanu kuti zimveke bwino kwambiri, zigwirizane, komanso zikhudze, kuwonetsetsa kuti kafukufuku wanu amalankhulidwa bwino kwambiri.

Zida izi ndizothandiza kwambiri powonetsetsa kuti kafukufuku wanu asamangotsatira mfundo zamaphunziro komanso amawala momveka bwino komanso molondola. lowani ndikuwona momwe nsanja yathu ingathandizire kukulitsa luso lanu lamaphunziro.

Kufunika kwa njira yopangira kafukufuku yopangidwa bwino

Njira zofufuzira zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonza kafufuzidwe ndikutsimikizira kuti ndi zowona komanso zogwira mtima. Njira yofufuzirayi imagwira ntchito ngati njira, yopereka malangizo omveka bwino pagawo lililonse lakafukufuku, kuphatikizapo nkhawa zamakhalidwe, kusonkhanitsa deta, ndi kusanthula. Njira yofufuzira yochitidwa mwaluso sikuti imangotsatira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino komanso imalimbikitsa kukhulupilika kwa kafukufukuyu ndi kutheka kwake.

Kupitilira ntchito yake yofunikira pakuwongolera kafukufuku, njira yofufuzira imakhala ndi zolinga ziwiri kwa owerenga ndi ofufuza amtsogolo:

• cheke kufunikira. Kuphatikizirapo kufotokozera mwachidule za njira yofufuzira mu mwatsatanetsatane kumathandiza ofufuza ena kuwona mwachangu ngati kafukufukuyu akugwirizana ndi zomwe akuphunzira.
• Njira yowonekera poyera. Kupereka mwatsatanetsatane njira yofufuzira mu gawo lodzipereka la pepalalo kumapangitsa owerenga kumvetsetsa mozama njira ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Poyambitsa njira yofufuzira mwatsatanetsatane, ndikofunikira kufotokoza mbali zazikulu:

• Mtundu wa kafukufuku ndi kulungamitsidwa kwake
• Makhazikitsidwe a kafukufuku ndi otenga nawo mbali
• Njira zotolera deta
• Njira zowunikira deta
• Zolepheretsa kafukufuku

Popereka chidule cha phunziroli, mumathandizira oyembekezera kuŵerenga kumvetsetsa mwamsanga kalembedwe ka phunziro lanu, ndi kusonyeza ngati apitirizabe kuŵerenga pepalalo. Gawo lotsatira, lofotokoza zambiri la 'Njira Zofufuza' liyenera kutsatira, kulongosola mbali iliyonse ya njirayo mozama kwambiri.

Chitsanzo cha njira yofufuzira

Njira zofufuzira zimakhala ngati msana wa kafukufuku aliyense wamaphunziro, zomwe zimapereka njira yokhazikika yofufuzira mafunso ndi mavuto. Pakafukufuku wamakhalidwe abwino, njira ndizofunika kwambiri powonetsetsa kuti kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta zikugwirizana ndi zolinga za kafukufuku. Kuti tiwonetse bwino momwe njira yofufuzira ingafotokozeredwe mu kafukufuku, tiyeni tiwone chitsanzo chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri pakufufuza zotsatira zaumoyo wamaganizidwe ndi ntchito zakutali pa nthawi ya mliri wa Covid-19.

Mwachitsanzo:

Kutsiliza

Udindo wa kafukufuku wopangidwa bwino sungathe kufotokozedwa mopambanitsa. Kugwira ntchito ngati mapu amsewu, kumapereka wofufuza komanso wowerenga chiwongolero chodalirika cha kapangidwe ka phunzirolo, zolinga zake, komanso kutsimikizika kwake. Bukhuli limakuyendetsani m'malo ovuta a njira zofufuzira, ndikukudziwitsani mozama momwe mungagwirizanitse njira zanu ndi zolinga zaphunziro lanu. Kuchita izi sikungotsimikizira kuti kafukufuku wanu ndi wowona komanso wodalirika komanso zimathandizira kukhudzidwa kwake ndikugwira ntchito kwamaphunziro amtsogolo komanso ophunzira ambiri.