Kuongorora mibvunzo yemibvunzo: Nzira, mhando, uye kushandiswa kunoshanda

Munyika yedu izere nedata, gwaro remibvunzo ikiyi ine simba yekuvhura zvinofungwa nevanhu, kunzwa, uye kuita. Kungave kuchera mumusika maitiro, kunzwisisa nharaunda mavibes, kana kuwana ruzivo nezvehutano maitiro, kuziva magadzirirwo emibvunzo hombe kunobatsira zvinoshamisa.

Ichi chinyorwa chinopfuura mirairo; ndiko kupinda kwako munyika yekubvunza mibvunzo chaiyo. Tichakufambisa kuburikidza nezvakakosha pakugadzira gwaro remibvunzo, kusvika pakuita pfungwa dzemhinduro. Saka, gadzirira kunyura munyika dzakasiyana dzemibvunzo, uko mubvunzo wega wega unovhura mikana mitsva uye ruzivo rwakamirira kuwanikwa.

Chii chinonzi mibvunzo?

Bvunzurudzo mutsara wemibvunzo yakanyatsogadzirwa yakanangana nekuunganidza muono pamusoro pepfungwa dzevanhu, manzwiro avo, uye maitiro. Icho chishandiso chepasirese chinogona kutora zvese kubva kune chaiyo chokwadi kusvika kune yakadzika-yakadzika maonero. Mibvunzo yemibvunzo inoshandisa zvinangwa zvikuru zviviri:

• Kuongororwa kwehuwandu. Vanoshandura zviitiko zvemukati kuita data inoyerwa, kuverengera pfungwa dzevanhu nezviito.
• Qualitative maonero. Ivo vanopa kutarisa kune vakapindura vakasiyana nyaya uye akasiyana maonero, kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwako kwezviitiko zvavo.

Mapepa emibvunzo ane zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa, kubva kubhizimusi uye tsvakurudzo yemagariro kusvika kuzvidzidzo zvehutano. Kune vadzidzi, vanogona kuve chishandiso chine simba chekuongorora zvakasiyana-siyana zvedzidzo uye hupenyu hwekambasi. Unogona kushandisa gwaro remibvunzo kudzidza maitiro evezera pamusoro pekusimba pachikoro, kuunganidza mhinduro pamasevhisi erutsigiro evadzidzi, kana maitiro ekutsvagisa pakudzidza uye maitiro adzo pakuita kwedzidzo. Kunyangwe iwe uri kuita chirongwa chekirasi, kuita tsvakiridzo inotungamirwa nevadzidzi, kana kungoda kuziva nezve chimwe chinhu musoro, mibvunzo yemibvunzo inogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha uye ruzivo.

Mhando dzemibvunzo yekutumira

Paunenge uchitumira mibvunzo, nzira yekutonga inoita basa rakakosha mumhando uye mhando yedata rakaunganidzwa. Chaizvoizvo, tinogona kupatsanura nzira idzi kuva nzira mbiri huru:

• Kutora chikamu kwakananga nemupinduri, kunozivikanwa se "self-administered."
• Kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwakananga nemuongorori, anozivikanwa se "muongorori-anotungamirwa."

Ngationgororei zvakadzama mune imwe neimwe nzira kuti tinzwisise mabhenefiti avo akasiyana uye matambudziko anogona kuitika.

Mibvunzo yakananga yevatori vechikamu

Iyi nzira yakakurumbira nekuti inoshanda uye iri nyore kushandisa pamwero mukuru. Vatori vechikamu vanogona kupedzisa aya emibvunzo panguva yavo, vachishandisa mapuratifomu epamhepo kana mafomu emapepa echinyakare. Mabhenefiti akakosha anosanganisira:

• Affordability uye yakafara kusvika. Yakanakira zvidzidzo zvakakura pasina mabhajeti makuru.
• Kuvanzika uye kusazivikanwa. Iyi nzira inoita kuti vanhu vade kugovera, kunyanya pamisoro yakaoma.
• Kubvuma sanduko. Vatori vechikamu vanogona kupindura munguva yavo, vachivandudza mukana wemhinduro dzine musoro.

Zvinetso nenzira iyi zvinosanganisira:

• Accessibility. Havasi vese vatori vechikamu vanogona kunge vaine hunyanzvi hwekuverenga nekunyora.
• kupana nduma. Pasina kurudziro yakananga, vamwe vangasazadza fomu remibvunzo.
• Mhinduro yakarerekera. Iyo data inogona kuratidza zvakawanda kubva kune avo vanoda kutora chikamu.

Mibvunzo inotungamirwa nemuongorori

Nenzira iyi, muongorori anobata zvakananga nevatori vechikamu, kungave kuburikidza nefoni, chiso nechiso, kana masvikiro epamhepo. Iyi nzira yemaoko inobvumira:

• Targeted sampling. Inovimbisa boka rakasiyana uye rinomiririra revanopindura.
• Kujekeswa. Kurumidza kugadzirisa kusanzwisisa kupi zvako.
• Kuwedzera kutora chikamu. Kudyidzana kwevanhu pachavo kunogona kuwedzera mazinga ekupedzisa.

Zvisinei, tekinoroji iyi ine zvayakaipira:

• Resource intensive. Inoda nguva yakawanda uye mari yekudyara.
• Kuongorora kwakaoma. Mhinduro dzemhando yepamusoro dzinogona kuda nzira dzekuongorora dzakadzama.
• Zvinogona kurerekera divi rimwe chete. Muongorori aripo anogona kuchinja mhinduro zvishoma.

Kugadzirira mibvunzo yako: Open-end vs. Yakavharwa-yakapera

Magadzirirwo emubvunzo akakosha muongororo, sezvo rudzi rwemubvunzo ruchikanganisa hudzamu nemhando yeruzivo rwaunounganidza. Mibvunzo yakavhurika inopa ruzivo rwakapfuma rwerondedzero, nepo mibvunzo yakavharwa ichipa ruzivo rwakarongwa, rwunogoneka nyore. Musanganiswa wakakodzera unoenderana nezvinangwa zvekudzidza kwako uye nhanho yeruzivo rwunodiwa.

Mibvunzo yakavharwa: Mhinduro dzakarongwa

Mibvunzo yakavharwa inotungamirira mhinduro muzvikamu zvakarongwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuongorora nenhamba. Iwo akanakira kuverengera maitiro, maitiro, uye huwandu hwevanhu. Pazasi pane mamwe marudzi akajairika emibvunzo yakavharwa, pamwe nemienzaniso uye kuti mhinduro dzingaite sei:

• Multiple sarudzo. "Ndeipi masevhisi ekambasi aunoshandisa kazhinji?"
  • Library
  • zvokudya
  • Gym
  • Dziviriro dzimba
• Kuyera chiyero. "Ona kugutsikana kwako necampus gym pachiyero che1 kusvika ku5."
  • 1 (Kunyanya kusagutsikana) - 5 (Kugutsikana kwazvo)
• Ehe Aiwa. "Wakamboenda kumusangano wekudzidzira musasa?"
  • Ehe
  • Aihwa

Paunenge uchiongorora mashandisirwo emibvunzo yakavharwa, zvakakosha kuyera zvakanakira uye zvisingakwanisi:

• Advantages. Iyi mibvunzo inobvumira mhinduro nekukurumidza uye kurerutsa maitiro ekuongorora.
• Nokuremara. Pane njodzi yekuti havazosanganisire zvizere maonero evanopindura. Kuwedzera "Zvimwe (ndapota tsanangura)" sarudzo inogona kubatsira kugadzirisa gap iri.

Mibvunzo yakavhurika: Maonero asina kuganhurirwa

Mibvunzo yakavhurika rega vanopindura vataure pfungwa dzavo vakasununguka, vachipa muono wakajeka mune zvavakasangana nazvo uye maonero. Funga nezvemienzaniso inotevera kuti uone kusiyana kwemhinduro dzinogona kuburitswa nemibvunzo iyi:

• “Ivandudzo dzipi dzaungakurudzira nokuda kwenzvimbo yefundo yeraibhurari yedu?”
• "Rondedzera nguva yawainzwa kunyanya kutsigirwa nenhengo yefaculty."
• "Matambudziko api aunosangana nawo paunenge uchidzidzira bvunzo?"

Tichiongorora mamiriro emibvunzo yakavhurika, tinofumura zvese zvavanogona kushandura uye kuoma kwavanozivisa:

• Zvakanakira. Tora yakapfuma, data yakadzama iyo inogona kuratidza miono mitsva.
• Kufunga. Zvinoda kushanda nesimba kurongedza uye kuongorora. Zvirongwa zvekodhi kana ongororo yemadingindira anowanzo shandiswa kududzira mhinduro idzi zvine hurongwa.

Kuzadzisa hunyanzvi hwekutaura mazwi

Maitiro aunotaura mibvunzo anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mhinduro dzaunogamuchira, zvichikonzera kuvimbika uye kuvimbika kwedata rako reongororo. Ngationgororei mukugadzirira mibvunzo yakajeka, yakadzikama, uye yakanangana kuti tiburitse miono ine musoro uye inovimbika.

Kunyora nekujeka

Mibvunzo yakajeka yakakosha pamhinduro dzine musoro. Ita shuwa kuti mibvunzo yako iri nyore kunzwisisa uye inoenderana nezviitiko zvevateereri vako. Mazano anoshanda anosanganisira:

• Zviri nyore uye zvakananga. Shandisa mutauro wakatwasuka uye unyatsojeka. Mibvunzo isina kujeka inogona kutungamirira kumhinduro dzisina kujeka.
• Kuedzwa uye kunzwisiswa kwetsika. Edza mibvunzo yako neboka diki kubva kune vateereri vako kuti ubate kusanzwisisa kupi nekupi uye funga nezvekusiyana kwetsika kudzivirira rusarura.
• Conciseness. Kuchengeta mibvunzo mipfupi uye yakanangana kunotsigira kuchengetedza vanopindura kuita uye kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika.

Kubata chiyero mukugadzira

Magadzirirwo aunoita mubvunzo anogona kuumba mhinduro dzawo. Mibvunzo isina kwayakarerekera kana yakarongedzwa zvakanaka inowanzoonekwa seyakavhurika zvakanyanya, nepo isina kurongeka yakarongeka inogona kutungamirira kune zvakarerekera. Semuyenzaniso:

• pakati nepakati. "Maonero ako ndeapi pamitemo yebasa iri kure?"
• Positive. "Ndeapi mabhenefiti aunoona mumitemo yebasa iri kure?"
• Negative. "Ndedzipi nyaya dzawakasangana nadzo nemitemo yebasa iri kure?"

Musanganiswa wekuumba unogona kuona maonero akazara, kunyanya kukosha mumisoro yakaoma kana pakuona matambudziko. Yeuka, chinhu chikuru ndechokuchengeta kusatora rutivi uye kudzivisa kutungamirira mumhan’ari.

Kupindura mibvunzo inotungamira

Mibvunzo inotungamira yakanangana nemhinduro inogona kutenderedza maonero eongororo yako, zvichikanganisa chokwadi. Izvo zvakakosha kuti mibvunzo ibvumire mhinduro dzemahara, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro ndeyechokwadi. Matanho ekunzvenga mibvunzo inotungamira anosanganisira:

• Kusatsigira zvematongerwo enyika. Usareve mhinduro "yakarurama" kana maonero eruzhinji mukati memubvunzo.
• Kudzika. Bvisa mutauro unogona kukanganisa manzwiro kana kutungamira mhinduro yemupinduri.
• Kuziva. Ngwarira mitsara yakaita sekuti “Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga…” inogona kurerekera mhinduro nekureva zvakajairwa.

Muenzaniso wekuenzanisa:

• Zvinotungamira. “Tichifunga mabhenefiti akabvumikiswa okurovedza muviri nguva dzose, kangani kaunoita mukurovedza muviri?”
• pakati nepakati. "Kangani iwe uchiita maekisesaizi?"

Kugara uchiyedza mibvunzo yako neboka rakasiyana kwakakosha kuona nekugadzirisa chero mibvunzo inotungamira isingaite.

Kutarisa pane imwe nyaya panguva

Kuisa pfungwa pamusoro wenyaya mumwechete pamubvunzo kwakakosha pakujeka uye nemazvo. Multi-faceted mibvunzo inogona kuvhiringa vanopindura uye kuderedza kunaka kwedata rako. Kana mubvunzo uchibata nzvimbo dzakawanda, funga:

• Kupatsanura mibvunzo yakaoma. Tarisa mibvunzo inosanganisa mazano akawanda kana zvidzidzo. Izvi zvingada kupatsanurwa kuva mibvunzo iri nyore, yakanangana.
• Kushandisa mibvunzo inotevera. Funga kushandisa mimwe mibvunzo kuvhara misoro yakasiyana, uchiramba uchiisa pfungwa yemubvunzo wekutanga zvakajeka.

Muenzaniso wekuenzanisa:

• Mubvunzo wakawandisa. "Unotenda here kuti mutemo mutsva wekambasi uchavandudza kuchengetedzeka kwevadzidzi uye kuita muzvidzidzo?"
• Mibvunzo yakananga.
  • "Unotenda here kuti mutemo mutsva wekambasi uchavandudza kuchengetedzeka kwevadzidzi?"
  • "Unofunga kuti mutemo mutsva wekambasi uchavandudza mashandiro edzidzo?"

Kuomerera kumisimboti iyi kunonatsiridza kujeka kwemibvunzo yako, kuenzanisa, uye kutarisa, zvichigadzira nzira yezviono zvinonyatsoratidza maonero evachapindura uye kupfumisa kuunganidza kwako data.

Mushure mekuona kuti mubvunzo wega wega wakarongedzwa nekujeka, kuenzanisa, uye kutarisa, nhanho inotevera pakugadzirisa mibvunzo yako ndeyekutarisa kutevedzana kunoitwa mibvunzo. Kurongeka kwemibvunzo kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwemhinduro uye maonero aunowana.

Kuronga kutevedzana kwemibvunzo

Kurongeka kwemibvunzo muongororo yako kwakakosha kuti uwane hungwaru uye mhinduro dzechokwadi. Kutevedzana kwakanyatsorongwa kunogona kushandura vanopindura kubva kune yekutanga kuenda kune yakadzama kubvunza, ukuwo kusarongeka kurongeka kwevatori vechikamu vakasiyana kunogona kubatsira kuderedza rusaruro.

Kufambira mberi kwakarongwa

Mukufambira mberi kwakarongeka, mibvunzo inofamba kubva kune nyore kuenda kune yakaoma, ichigadzira kuyerera kwakatsetseka kunotungamira zvinyoronyoro vanopindura mumisoro yakadzama. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuchengetedza vatori vechikamu uye kuderedza kuneta kwekutanga. Kuunza mibvunzo yekuchinja kunogona kuvandudza mafambiro eongororo pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana, kuve nechokwadi chekufambira mberi kwakabatana.

Maodha maitiro anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mhinduro, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine chekuita nemafungiro emunhu. Semuenzaniso, kurongeka kwekubvunzwa kwemibvunzo yemararamiro kunogona kushandura maonero kune zvimwe zviitiko.

Kumbundira randomization

Randomization inopa mupinduri wega wega kutevedzana kwemubvunzo, kugovera zvinogoneka kusarura uye kukurudzira dhatabheti rakaenzana. Zvisineyi, kuedza kwepfungwa kunodiwa kuti upinde mumisoro zvisina tsarukano kunoda kunyatsofungwa kuti uchengete mhando yemhinduro dzakakwirira.

Mienzaniso inoshanda

• Yakarongeka nzira. Ongororo yemararamiro inogona kutanga nemibvunzo yakafara pamusoro pemaitiro ezuva nezuva, zvishoma nezvishoma uchitarisa pane chaiwo maitiro ehutano.
• Randomized approach. Ongororo yekugutsikana kwemutengi inogona kusarudzika zvikamu pane akasiyana masevhisi ekudzivirira maitiro ekupindura.

Kusanganisira mibvunzo yedemographic munzvimbo dzakakosha uye kushandisa mafirita kana nzira dzemapazi pazvinenge zvichidikanwa zvinogona kuvandudza ruzivo rweongororo. Pamusoro pezvo, kuyedzwa kwemutyairi kwakakosha kuti uone uye kugadzirisa chero mhedzisiro yekurongeka.

Nekunyatsoronga marongero emibvunzo yako, unogona kugadzira ongororo iyo isingangope ruzivo rwakakosha chete asiwo inoita kuti vanokupindura varambe vachifarira uye vachibatanidzwa.

Danho renhanho: Magadzirirwo ebvunzo remibvunzo

Kugadzira gwaro remibvunzo rinoshanda inyanzvi nesainzi, kusanganisa kuronga nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwevateereri vako. Gwaro iri rinopa nhanho gumi dzakatwasuka dzekugadzira gwaro remibvunzo rinoburitsa ruzivo rwakakosha uchiremekedza nguva yevatori vechikamu vako nekuisa:

1. Bvisa zvinangwa zvako. Taura zvinangwa zvakajeka, zvinoyerwa. Ndedzipi ruzivo rwauri kutsvaga? Uri kuongorora maitiro, maitiro, kana maitiro? Ita shuwa kuti mubvunzo wega wega unoenderana neizvi zvinangwa kuti urambe wakatarisa uye kukosha.
2. Nzwisisa vateereri vako. Nyanisa mibvunzo yako nehunyanzvi hwemutauro wevateereri vako, mamiriro etsika, uye ruzivo rwemusoro wenyaya. Izvi zvakakosha pakuita kuti mibvunzo ijeke uye inoenderana, zvichitungamira kumhinduro dzakakosha.
3. Sarudza nzira yekuendesa. Sarudza pakati pemafomati anozviitisa uye anotungamirwa nemuongorori, uchifunga nezvezvinorehwa nedhizaini. Semuyenzaniso, mibvunzo yedhijitari inogona kuratidza zvinhu zvinodyidzana, nepo mapepa ezvinyorwa achigona kubatsirwa nemibvunzo yakatwasuka, mipfupi.
4. Gadzirisa mibvunzo yako. Sanganisa mibvunzo yakavhurika yehudzamu neyakavharika-yakavharwa ye data inonzwisisika. Isa pamberi kujeka uye kuve nyore mukutaura kudzivirira kusanzwisisana, uye nyatso dzivirira kurerekera kana kutungamira zvirevo.
5. Iva nechokwadi chemhando yemubvunzo. Chengetedza kujeka, kutarisa, uye kusarerekera mumibvunzo yako. Taura musoro mumwe chete pamubvunzo wega wega kudzivirira kuvhiringika. Wedzera mibvunzo nezvehuwandu hwevanhu pakutanga kubatsira vanopindura kugadzikana neongororo kana kumagumo kudzivirira kukanganisa mhinduro dzavo kumibvunzo mikuru.
6. Ronga mibvunzo zvine musoro. Tanga nemibvunzo yakakura usati wapinda mune zvakadzama. Shandisa randomisation kana zvichibvira kuderedza kukanganiswa kwehurongwa hwemubvunzo, kunyanya pamisoro yakaoma. Shandisa shanduko dzakatsetseka kuti uchengetedze kuyerera kunoenderana.
7. Pilot test. Mhanya vhezheni yebvunzo yemibvunzo yako neboka rakasiyana kubva kune vateereri vako. Tarisa kuti uone kunzwisisa kwakajeka uye kushanda kwakatsetseka, kunyanya kune zvinhu zvakaita sekuyerera kwemibvunzo uye sarudzo dzemhinduro. Unganidza mhinduro dzekuti kuri nyore sei kupedzisa uye kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei, wobva washandisa ruzivo urwu kugadzirisa mibvunzo yako.
8. Govera uye unganidza mhinduro. Vavarira kutora chikamu kwakafara uye kwakasiyana. Namatira kune kuvanzika kwedata uye mwero wetsika, kunyanya kana uchibata neruzivo rwakadzama, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimba nevanopindura uye kutendeseka kwedata.
9. Ongorora uye shuma. Shandisai thematic ongororo yemhinduro dzakavhurika uye nzira dzenhamba dzemibvunzo yakavharwa. Ipa zvawawana nenzira inosvikika, uchishandisa makotesheni akananga kuratidza pfungwa huru uye kupfumisa rondedzero.
10. Funga nezvezviito zvekutevera. Zvichienderana nezvawawana, tsvaga matanho anogoneka kana mimwe mikana yekutsvagisa kugadzirisa izvo zvakafumurwa.

Kunyatsobatanidza nhanho idzi mugwaro remibvunzo yako ichakubatsira iwe kuunganidza ruzivo rwakakosha uchive nechokwadi chechiitiko chakanaka kune avo vanopindura. Iyi nzira inotungamira kune zvinobatsira kuwanikwa uye inotsigira sarudzo dzakangwara dzinobva pane data rakaunganidzwa.

Kushandura data kuita maonero

Mushure mekuunganidza mhinduro, kuongorora nekuturikira data kwakakosha kuburitsa ruzivo rwakakosha rwakavigwa mukati. Iyi nzira inosanganisira nzira dzehuwandu uye dzemhando, imwe neimwe ichipa maonero akasiyana mumhinduro dzakaunganidzwa.

Kuongorora data

Kunyangwe kubata nenhamba kubva kumibvunzo yakavharwa kana rondedzero kubva kumhinduro dzakavhurika, nzira yekuongorora inofanirwa kuve yakarongeka:

• Yakawandisa data. Nyorera zviverengero zvehwaro kupfupisa ruzivo uye mamwe matekiniki epamusoro kuti uone kuti zvinhu zvinoenderana sei uye kuyedza mazano ako. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuona mavhareji, kuona mapatani, kana kutarisa kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana zvingave zvakabatanidzwa sei.
• Yakakodzera data. Inosanganisira nzira dzakaita sekuongorora dingindira, apo mhinduro dzinoiswa mumadingindira, kana ongororo yezvirimo kuitira ongororo yakarongeka. Chinangwa ndechekuona kudzokorora maitiro kana zvirevo zvakakosha zvinoratidza zviitiko zvakagovaniswa zvevawakapindura.

Kuona data

Kusarudza maturusi ekuona akakodzera anogona kushandura seti yakaoma yedata kuita yakajeka, inonzwisisika kunzwisisa. Ingave iri nyore bhaa chati kana yakadzama pie chati, ita shuwa kuti zviono zvako zvinomiririra zvawawana uye zviri nyore kuti vateereri vako vanzwisise.

Kududzira zvabuda

Kuturikira kunofanirwa kuve kwakavakirwa mu data asi zvakare funga nezve yakakura mamiriro echidzidzo, kusanganisira zvaasingakwanisi. Iyi nuanced maitiro inovimbisa kuti mhedziso hadzina kungobva panhamba kana mhinduro chete asi dzinoratidzawo chaiwo-nyika zvinorehwa nezvakawanikwa.

Kufambisa matambudziko

Zvinetso zvakajairika mukududzira data zvinosanganisira njodzi yekuita mhedziso yakafara kubva kuboka diki kana kuvhiringa kuwirirana necausation. Kuve nehanya nemakomba aya uye kunyatsoongorora iyo data kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira izvi zvikanganiso zvakajairika uye kuona kuti mhedzisiro yako yakasimba uye yakavimbika.

mhedziso

Kufamba-famba munyika yemibvunzo kwakafanana nekushanya, kuburitsa zvakavanzika zvemifungo yevanhu uye maitiro. Mubvunzo wega wega wakanyatsogadzirirwa unoshanda sekiyi yekuvhura nzwisiso yakakosha, kubatanidza kuomarara kwesainzi nekubata kwekugadzira. Maitiro acho, kubva pakugadzira kusvika pakududzira, anoratidza kujeka, tsitsi, uye kuvimbika, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhinduro yese inobatwa neruremekedzo rwainokodzera. Kuunganidza data kunoita zvinopfuura kungounganidza ruzivo; inovaka nzira dzekunzwisisa, ichiratidza huwandu hwakakura hwezviitiko zvevanhu uye inotungamira kusarudzo dzine ruzivo uye kubatana kwakadzama.