Ukuhlalutya iitekisi zolwazi ukufumana ukuqonda okunzulu

Ukukhankanywa kocazululo lweetekisi kudla ngokuzisa engqondweni uhlolo lweencwadi, kugxilwe kwimiba efana nolwimi oluzekelisayo kunye nemixholo esisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, ukujongisisa imibhalo engeyonyani, njengeetekisi zolwazi, nako kubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona ezi zicatshulwa zisenokungabi namacandelo oncwadi afana nezafobe kunye neesimboli, ababhali benza izigqibo zobulumko eziphembelela intsingiselo kunye nesiphumo somsebenzi wabo. Ukufunda ukuhlalutya izicatshulwa zolwazi kukhulisa amandla kabani okufunda ngeliso elibukhali ngakumbi.

Inkcazo yesicatshulwa solwazi

Xa abantu befundisisa into ethile, bayijonga ngenyameko ukuze bayiqonde ngokwenene. Abafundi banokukwenza oku ngayo nantoni na abayifundileyo ukuze bafumanise ukuba ithetha ukuthini kunye nendlela umbhali ayidibanisa ngayo. Xa bejongisisa izicatshulwa ezinika ulwazi, abafundi bazama ukuqonda isizathu nendlela umbhali alunika ngayo olo lwazi kumfundi.

Ukuqonda indlela yokufunda isicatshulwa esinika ulwazi, kufuneka wazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesicatshulwa kwindawo yokuqala. Isicatshulwa solwazi sisicatshulwa esingeyonyani, njengoko igama libonisa, sazisa umfundi ngaso sihloko. Nantsi eminye imizekelo:

Kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, sihlala sizibandakanya nezicatshulwa zolwazi, kuquka nombhalo owufundayo ngoku. Ukufunda ezi zibhalo ngokusondeleyo kungaphaya kokuqonda amagama akwiphepha; kubandakanya ukuphengulula iinjongo zombhali kunye nokwakheka kolwazi. Ngokuqaphela ukuba yintoni na iitekisi zolwazi kunye nokufunda indlela yokuzicazulula, abafundi banokukhulisa ukuqonda kwabo izifundo ezintsonkothileyo, beguqula ukusuka kubasebenzisi bolwazi abazenzileyo ukuya ekubeni ngabantu abakhutheleyo, abacinga nzulu kunye nabafundi ubomi bonke.

Ukuqonda injongo

Ukuhlalutya izicatshulwa zolwazi kunceda ukuphanda nzulu ukuba kutheni umbhali elunike ulwazi ngendlela ethile. Iinjongo zezicatshulwa ezinjalo zidla ngokuwela kwiindidi ezinjengokwazisa, ukonwabisa, okanye ukukholisa umfundi. Ngokuphonononga ngocoselelo le mibhalo, abafundi banokufumana ukuqonda okunzulu ngakumbi kwamagama kwaye babone indlela iingcamango ezahlukeneyo ezinxibelelana ngayo.

Xa behlalutya isicatshulwa solwazi, abafundi banokubuza imibuzo. Ezi zinokukukhokela kuhlalutyo lwabo, zibancede ukuba baqonde isakhiwo sesicatshulwa, umxholo kunye neenjongo ezifihlakeleyo:

• Yintoni eyona njongo yesi sicatshulwa? Ngaba kukwazisa, ukweyisela okanye ukonwabisa?
• Ithini ingcamango ephambili okanye ithisisi yesicatshulwa?
• Ngoobani abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo kwesi sicatshulwa?
• Umbhali uyixhasa njani le ngcamango ingundoqo? Bubuphi ubungqina okanye imizekelo enikiweyo?
• Umbhali uzisebenzisa njani izinto ezifana zihloko, imizekeliso, kunye nemibhalo engqindilili ukucacisa ingongoma?
• Ithini ithoni yombhali okanye isimo sengqondo sakhe ngalo mbandela? Ngaba ayithathi cala, ayikhethi cala, okanye yenye into?
• Abafundi banokuyisebenzisa njani inkcazelo ekwesi sibhalo?
• Ngaba umbhali usebenzisa imithombo ethembekileyo kwaye ecaphula?
• Ingaba esi sicatshulwa sidibana njani nezinye izicatshulwa okanye izimvo endizaziyo ngazo?

Kweli xesha lolwazi, kukwabalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuxela ukuba imithombo eyahlukeneyo yolwazi inokuthenjwa na. Ukuhlalutya izicatshulwa zolwazi, ezifana namaphephandaba okanye amanqaku eemagazini, kuvumela abafundi ukuba bahlolisise umxholo kunye nokuchonga imithombo ethembekileyo. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza imiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kuhlalutywa izicatshulwa zolwazi, ukunceda ukwahlula phakathi kwemithombo yeendaba ethembekileyo kunye nolwazi olungathembekanga:

umba	Yintoni ekufuneka uyijongile	Ibonisa
Ukuhlaziya izicatshulwa zolwazi	• Indlela umbhali alunikezela ngayo ulwazi • Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo • Ubume bolwazi	Umthombo othembekileyo okanye ongathembekanga
Imithombo yeendaba ethembekileyo	• Ukungafihli, iindaba ezithembekileyo	Umthombo othembekileyo
Ayithembekanga iimpawu zolwazi	• Inkcazo-ntetho engekho ngqiqweni • Ukunqongophala kwemithombo ethembekileyo • Ayicacanga kwaye ingacwangciswanga	Ulwazi olungathembekanga
Ukuthambekela kolwazi kwimibhalo	• Amabango asekelwe kwiimbono zomntu • Iingxelo ezingenabungqina	Yiba noqikelelo lokuthembeka kwesicatshulwa

Ukuhlalutya izakhi zetekisi yolwazi kunye nezakhiwo

Kuhlalutyo lweetekisi zolwazi, abafundi kufuneka bagxininise kumacandelo engqiqo yombhali kunye nesakhiwo ngokubanzi sesicatshulwa. Oku kuthetha ukufumana eyona njongo iphambili, ingcinga ephambili, isicatshulwa senzelwe bani, kunye nemizekelo okanye iinyani ezixhasa isicatshulwa.

Elements

Inxalenye ephambili yokuhlalutya isicatshulwa solwazi kukuchonga kunye nokuvavanya izakhi zesicatshulwa ezisetyenziswe ngumbhali ukubonisa ulwazi kumfundi. Olu luhlu lulandelayo lubonisa izinto ababhali abadla ngokuzifaka kwiitekisi zolwazi, kunye nemizekelo.

• Izihloko nemixholwana. Ezi zahlulahlula esi sahluko sibe ngamacandelo anjengelithi “intliziyo,” “imithambo yegazi,” nelithi “ukuqukuqela kwegazi.”
• Isicatshulwa esibhalwe ngqindilili okanye akekelelisiweyo. Amagama aphambili afana nelithi “umthambo wegazi” okanye “umthambo” anokuba ngqindilili xa eqala ukubonakala.
• Iitshathi kunye neegrafu. Itshati isenokubonisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zegazi.
• Imifanekiso okanye imifanekiso. Imizobo eneenkcukacha inokubonisa amagumbi entliziyo, imithambo, nemithambo.
• Iimephu. Nangona kungenakwenzeka kulo mxholo, iimephu zinokusetyenziswa kwezinye izicatshulwa zolwazi ukubonisa idatha yendawo.
• uluhlu lwamagama. Iingcaciso zamagama enzululwazi afana nelithi “capillary” okanye “plasma.”
• isalathisi. Uluhlu lwezihloko ezinobumba kunye nalapho zixoxiwe khona kwincwadi.
• Iziqulatho. Isishwankathelo samacandelo esahluko.
• izifinyezo. Ingxelo ekupheleni kwesahluko ukunceda abafundi baphonononge imiba ephambili.
• Imibhalo esemazantsi okanye izicatshulwa. Oku kuya kubonelela ngemithombo yophando okanye umxholo owongezelelweyo kubafundi abaphambili.

Ababhali beetekisi zolwazi bakhetha izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuze zihambelane neenjongo zabo. Imizekelo embalwa inikwe apha ngezantsi.

Umzekelo 1:

• Kwisalathiso sohambo, unokubona amacandelo ahlukeneyo abhalwe 'Iihotele,' 'Iindawo zokutyela,' kunye 'neMitsalane,' enemifanekiso ebonisa iindawo ezibalulekileyo. Kusenokubakho uluhlu oluneengcebiso ezibalulekileyo kunye neemephu zokukunceda ufumane indlela yakho. Kwelinye icala, iblogi yokuhamba inokuba namabali obuqu kunye namagama anemibala, isebenzisa imifanekiso ukwabelana ngohambo lomntu. Akucwangciswanga njengesikhokelo sohambo.

Umzekelo 2:

• Qwalasela incwadi yomsebenzisi ye-smartphone entsha. Inokuthi ibandakanye izihloko zamacandelo ahlukeneyo afana no "Ukuseta ifowuni yakho," "Ukusebenzisa ii-Apps," kunye "nokusombulula ingxaki." Kusenokubakho imifanekiso ebonisa apho akhoyo amaqhosha kunye nemizobo ebonisa indlela yokufaka iSIM khadi. Ngokwahlukileyo, intengiso yemagazini ye-smartphone efanayo inokubandakanya kuphela umfanekiso okhangayo wefowuni kunye neengongoma ezimbalwa eziphambili zokuthengisa, kuba injongo yayo kukukuphembelela ukuba uthenge ifowuni, ingakufundisi indlela yokuyisebenzisa.

Xa uphonononga imibhalo yolwazi, kufana nokuzingela ubutyebi. Umbhali usebenzisa izinto ezifana nezihloko, imifanekiso, okanye isishwankathelo njengemikhondo, kwaye umsebenzi womfundi kukutolika. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kuvula iintsingiselo ezisisiseko zesicatshulwa kunye nokuqonda. Kutshintsha ukufunda kube luhambo lokufumanisa, kutyebisa ukuqonda kwemathiriyeli.

Izakhi

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezicatshulwa zolwazi, njengamanqaku eendaba kunye nezikhokelo ezikufundisa into ethile, zihlala zisebenzisa iindlela ezithile zokucwangcisa ulwazi ukukunceda ukuba uluqonde kakuhle. Bakholisa ukuba nesinye sezi zakhiwo zilandelayo, njengesizathu kunye nesiphumo, ingxaki kunye nesisombululo, okanye ukulandelelana kolandelelwano. Ukuthathela ingqalelo esi sakhiwo kubalulekile ekuqondeni umxholo kunye nokuphucula izakhono zokufunda ezibalulekileyo. Inceda umfundi ukuba ahlalutye ulwazi, inceda ekuqondeni nasekuzibandakanyeni nesicatshulwa.

Ngezantsi kukho itheyibhile ebonisa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zesicatshulwa solwazi. Ikwachaza inkcazo nganye, inika umzekelo, kwaye idwelise amagama angundoqo anceda ukuchonga isakhiwo sombutho wolwazi.

Ulwakhiwo	inkcazelo	umzekelo	Internet
Unobangela kunye nefuthe	Ibonisa indlela isiganeko esithile esikhokelela ngayo kwesinye	Ukutshaya kukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo; Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kukhokelela kukhukuliseko	“Ngenxa yokuba”, “ukusukela”, “ngenxa yoko”, “ngenxa ye-”, “ikhokelela ekubeni,” “izizathu”, “iziphumo”, “zibangele”, “ngoko”, “ngenxa yoko”
Ingxaki kunye nesisombululo	Inika ingxaki kwaye inika izisombululo	Ingxaki: Ungcoliseko; Isisombululo: Iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha	“Ingxaki kukuba”, “inkxalabo ekufuneka ijongiwe yile”, “ukusombulula oku”, “isicwangciso esisebenzayo sokusombulula oku”
Thelekisa uze uchase	Ubalaselisa ukufana nomahluko phakathi kwezifundo	Thelekisa iikati nezinja; Ukuthelekisa iinkqubo zedemokhrasi kunye nezolawulo lwentando yesininzi	“Ngokufanayo”, “ngokwahlukileyo…”, “kwelinye icala”, “zombini… kunye…”, “ngendlela enye”, “ukuthelekisa”
Ulandelelwano lwamaxesha	Uchaza iziganeko ngokulandelelana kwazo okanye amanyathelo enkqubo	Ixesha lembali; Imiyalelo yeresiphi	"Okokuqala", "okulandelayo", "ngoko", "ekugqibeleni", "Ekuqaleni", "phakathi", "ngolandelelwano", "inyathelo ngenyathelo", "ngexesha", "emva", "phambi"
inkcazelo	Unika inkcazo eneenkcukacha yesihloko	Iprofayili yomntu odumileyo; Inkcazo eneenkcukacha zomzobo	"Umzekelo", "enyanisweni", "uhlalutyo olunzulu", "inika isishwankathelo se", "iboniswe njenge"
luphinde	Uchaza umxholo ngokwendawo yendawo	Isikhokelo sokuhamba; Ukuchaza ubume begumbi	“Uyilo olubonakalayo”, “ukuchaza uyilo lwe”, “ukwenza imaphu”, “ukuchaza ubume be”
uhlelo	Yahlula izimvo okanye izinto ezinxulumeneyo ngokweendidi	Ukuhlelwa kwezilwanyana; Ukuhlela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi	“Amaqela ngokwe”, “amaqela nga”, “alungelelaniswe ngokweendidi”, “amacandelo ngokwamaqela”, “iinqobo zokwahlulahlulwa”, “zihlelwa ngokwe”

Xa uhlalutya isicatshulwa solwazi, kubalulekile ukubuza abafundi imibuzo efanelekileyo, exhomekeke kwisakhiwo esikhethiweyo:

• Unobangela nesiphumo. Sesiphi isiganeko sokuqala okanye isenzo esichazwayo? Ngaba indlela isicatshulwa esisekwe ngayo ikunceda njani ukuba uqonde indlela enye into ekhokelela ngayo kwenye?
• Ingxaki kunye nesisombululo. Isakhiwo sesicatshulwa sinefuthe njani kwindlela umfundi ayiqonda ngayo ingxaki kunye nezisombululo ezinokubakho?
• Thelekisa uze uchase. Yeyiphi imixholo okanye imixholo ethelekiswayo nethelekiswayo? Isakhiwo sesicatshulwa sibanceda njani abafundi ekuqondeni iiyantlukwano kunye nokufana phakathi kwamagama?
• Ulandelelwano ngolandelelwano. Zeziphi iziganeko okanye amanyathelo achazwe ngokulandelelana kwazo? Umbhali ulunikela njani ulwazi ukuze abafundi baqonde ukulandelelana kwabo? Loluphi utshintsho okanye imiqondiso esetyenziswayo ukubonisa ukulandelelana kweziganeko?
• Inkcazo. Ngowuphi owona mxholo okanye umxholo ochazwayo? Ingcaciso inikela njani ingcaciso ecacileyo necokisekileyo yombandela?
• Indawo. Yiyiphi indawo ebonakalayo okanye indawo echazwe kwisicatshulwa? Ukucacisa indlela izinto ezilungelelaniswe ngayo emajukujukwini kubanceda njani abafundi bayiqonde ngcono indawo okanye indawo eyingqongileyo? Zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili okanye iimpawu zomhlaba ezigxininisiweyo kwinkcazo yendawo?
• Ukuhlelwa. Yintoni eyahlulwayo okanye yahlulwa kwisicatshulwa? Inceda njani inkqubo yokuhlela ekulungelelaniseni nasekucaciseni ulwazi olunikelwe?

Imibuzo ebuzwa ngabafundi malunga nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zetekisi inegalelo ekuqwalaselweni okucingisisiweyo komxholo. Ngokwenyani, Le ndlela yokwenza izinto itshintsha ukufunda ukusuka ekujongeni amagama nje ukuya ekubeni ngamava anomdla kwaye asebenzayo. Ngaphezu koko, inceda abantu babone kwaye bathande iindlela ezahlukeneyo ulwazi olucwangciswa ngalo kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo abanokufunda kuzo.

Ukubamba izakhiwo zetekisi ngundoqo wokufunda ngempumelelo. Ngokuqaphela kunye nokuqonda iipatheni ezisekelwe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zesicatshulwa, uvula umnyango woxabiso olunzulu lweenkcukacha kunye nokubaluleka kwazo. Ukugqwesa kwezi zakhiwo akuphuculi nje kuphela indlela olufunxa ngayo ulwazi kodwa kukwaphucula izakhono zokucinga nzulu, ukukhuthaza indlela epheleleyo yokutolika izicatshulwa.

Ukuhlalutya umzekelo wesicatshulwa solwazi

Eli nqaku ngumzekelo wesicatshulwa esinolwazi. Lithuba elihle kakhulu lokuhlalutya inqaku, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukufunxwa kolwazi.

Funda inqaku kwakhona, uqaphela ulwazi olugqanyisiweyo olunjengombono ophambili, iinkcazo eziphambili, izinto ezibalulekileyo, kunye nesakhiwo.

Umzekelo:

• Ingcamango ephambili inokufumaneka kumhlathi wokuqala. Umbhali usenokuba uyibandakanyile apho ukuze anike umfundi umbono okhawulezileyo wokuba inqaku liza kuba ngantoni kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba banomxholo wesihloko ngaphambi kokufunda ngakumbi ngaso.

Emva kokufunda isicatshulwa, qwalasela ukuba zeziphi izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngumbhali ukudlulisa ulwazi. Usenokuzibuza le mibuzo ilandelayo: Bubuphi ubuchule obusetyenziswe ngumbhali ukudlulisela olu lwazi? Ezi nkalo zesicatshulwa zinempembelelo njani kumntu ongawaziyo umbandela ukuba awuqonde loo nkcazelo? Yintoni ekhuthaze umbhali ukuba akhethe ezi ziqalelo zesicatshulwa?

Umzekelo:

• Umbhali weli nqaku usebenzisa izihloko kunye nezihlokwana ukunika ulwazi ngokucacileyo nangengqiqo. Izihloko zenza ukuba inqaku lilandeleke lula kwaye livumela abafundi ukuba batsibe amacandelo athile ukuba bafuna ulwazi kumba omnye wesihloko.
• Umbhali ukwasebenzisa izinto ezinje ngengqindilili kunye nesicatshulwa esikekeleyo ukugqamisa amagama aphambili.
• Inqaku lisebenzisa uluhlu kunye neetheyibhile ukunika umfundi ulwazi olucwangcisiweyo, olufundeka lula. Ukufakwa kwezinto ezinjalo kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba umfundi adibanise ulwazi kunokuba ahlalutye imihlathi "eyomileyo".
• Imifanekiso ifakwe kwinqaku ukunyusa isibheno sayo esibonakalayo kunye nokongeza umbala. Ukongezelela, le mifanekiso ikhethwe ngokukodwa ukuba ihambelane ngokubonakalayo kunye nabaphulaphuli abajoliswe kuyo, kulo mzekelo, abafundi.

Ngaphandle kokuvavanya amacandelo esicatshulwa, nikela ingqalelo kulwakhiwo lwesicatshulwa. Zibuze: Umbhali usisebenzisa njani esi sakhiwo ukuhambisa ingcamango ephambili?

Umzekelo:

• Eli nqaku linqaku lenkcazo. Umbhali uthetha ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo esifundo kumacandelo acacileyo. Oku kunceda abafundi baqonde amacala amaninzi esihloko. Ukwazi ukuba inqaku lidityaniswe njani kunokunceda abafundi baqinisekise ukuba bayaziqonda zonke izihloko ezincinci kunye nezibakala ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, umbutho wombhali weenkcazo zohlobo ngalunye lwesakhiwo sombhalo wenza lula inkqubo yokuba umfundi aqinisekise ukuqonda kwabo uhlobo ngalunye olulodwa.

Ukuphucula izakhono zakho zokuhlalutya isicatshulwa kunye neqonga lethu

Ukongeza kokuziqhelanisa nohlalutyo lokubhaliweyo, iqonga lethu libonelela ngeenkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokuphucula ngakumbi izakhono zakho kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi wakho obhaliweyo. Ngokomzekelo, yethu inkonzo yokuhlola iimpazamo inokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imibhalo yakho yezemfundo okanye yobungcali icacile, ayinazimpazamo, kwaye inxibelelane ngempumelelo nezimvo zakho. Ngapha koko, phambili kwethu ukukopa-ukukhangela izixhobo zibonelela umaleko owongezelelweyo wokuzithemba, oqinisekisa imvelaphi kunye nokuthembeka komsebenzi wakho. Ezi nkonzo zixabiseke kakhulu kubafundi, abaphandi, kunye nababhali abafuna ukugqwesa kunxibelelwano lwabo olubhaliweyo.

isiphelo

Ukuqalisa uhambo lokuhlalutya iitekisi zolwazi akukhona nje malunga nokuphucula izakhono zakho zokufunda; Imalunga nokuvula ucango kwihlabathi elizaliswe lulwazi nokuqonda. Njengoko uphonononga ezi zibhalo nzulu ngakumbi, ufunda indlela yokufumana ngokuzithemba nangokucokisekileyo indlela yakho ngobuninzi bolwazi phaya. Olu hambo luguqula umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wokufunda ube luhambo olutyebisayo, luvuselela umdla wobomi bonke wokufumana nokuqonda. Asikokufunda nje ukufunda ngcono—kukufunda ukuqonda ihlabathi lethu ngokunzulu ngakumbi, isicatshulwa esinye ngexesha.