Ukucaphula ngokufanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekubhaleni izincoko. Ayongezi nje ukuthembeka kwiingxoxo zakho kodwa ikwanceda ukuba uphephe imigibe yokukopa. Nangona kunjalo, into abafundi abasoloko bengayiqondi kukuba indlela yokucaphula ibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Izicatshulwa ezingachanekanga zinokukhokelela ekuncipheni kwamabanga kwaye zinokude zibeke esichengeni isidima semfundo somsebenzi.
| Umgaqo osisiseko wobhontsi ngulo: Ukuba awuzibhalanga ngokwakho ulwazi, kufuneka uhlale ucaphula umthombo. Ukungaphumeleli ukukhankanya imithombo yakho, ngakumbi ekubhaleni kwinqanaba lekholeji, kukukopa. |
Ukucaphula ngokufanelekileyo: Izimbo nokubaluleka
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokubhala ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje, nganye ineseti yayo yemithetho yokucaphula kunye nokufomatha. Ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo zezi:
- AP (Associated Press). Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwi-journalism kunye namanqaku anxulumene nemidiya.
- I-APA (i-American Psychological Association). Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwiinzululwazi zentlalo.
- I-MLA (uMbutho weeLwimi zanamhlanje). Isetyenziswa rhoqo kubuntu kunye nobugcisa benkululeko.
- eChicago. Ilungele imbali kunye namanye amasimi, anikezela ngezitayile ezimbini: amanqaku-ubhalografi kunye nomhla wombhali.
- iTurabian. Inguqulelo eyenziwe lula yesitayile saseChicago, esihlala sisetyenziswa ngabafundi.
- eHarvard. Isetyenziswa kakhulu e-UK nase-Australia, isebenzisa inkqubo yokubhala umhla wokucaphula.
- IEEE (Iziko leeNjineli zoMbane kunye nezoMbane). Isetyenziswa kwiinkalo zobunjineli kunye neteknoloji.
- I-AMA (i-American Medical Association). Baqeshwe kumaphepha ezonyango kunye neejenali.
| Ukuqonda ama-nuances kwisitayile ngasinye kubalulekile, ngakumbi kuba amaziko okufunda ahlukeneyo kunye namaziko anokufuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, hlala ujongana nezikhokelo zezabelo zakho okanye ubuze umqeqeshi wakho ukuba azi ukuba sesiphi isimbo onokuthi usisebenzise. |
Ukukopa kunye nemiphumo yako
Ukukopa sisenzo sokusebenzisa isiqwenga esibhaliweyo, ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye, kwiiprojekthi zakho ngaphandle kokunika ikhredithi efanelekileyo kumbhali wokuqala. Ngokusisiseko, ikwiligi efanayo nokuba imathiriyeli kwabanye ababhali kwaye ibango lezinto njengezakho.
Iziphumo zokukopa ziyahluka ngokusekelwe esikolweni, ubunzulu bempazamo, yaye maxa wambi nkqu nomfundisi-ntsapho. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi zinokuhlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Izohlwayo zemfundo. Amabanga ancitshisiweyo, ukungaphumeleli kwisabelo, okanye ukungaphumeleli kwikhosi.
- Amanyathelo oluleko. Izilumkiso ezibhaliweyo, ukuvavanywa kwezifundo, okanye ukunqunyanyiswa okanye ukugxothwa kwiimeko ezinzima.
- Iziphumo zomthetho. Amanye amatyala angakhokelela kwisenzo somthetho esekwe kukwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela.
- Iziphumo ezimbi kumsebenzi wakho. Ukonakalisa isidima kunokuchaphazela amathuba emfundo namathuba omsebenzi kwixesha elizayo.
The iziphumo zixhomekeke kwesiphi isikolo uyazimasa. Ezinye izikolo zinokuthatha umgaqo-nkqubo othi “Ugwayimbo oluThathu ube uphumile”, kodwa ndifumanise ukuba iiyunivesithi ezininzi zobungcali zinomgaqo-nkqubo wokungawunyamezeli kwaphela ukukopa, kwaye azikhathazeki ngokukuchaphazela kakubi ekuqaleni.
| Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubuzaza bokukopa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umsebenzi wokufunda nowobuchwephesha uyacatshulwa kwaye uyalelwa ngokucaphula ngokufanelekileyo. Soloko ujongana nomgaqo-nkqubo wokukopa okanye izikhokelo zeziko lakho ukuze uqonde iziphumo ezithile onokujamelana nazo. |
Indlela yokucaphula ngokufanelekileyo imithombo: iifomathi ze-APA vs
Ukucaphula okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekubhaleni kwezemfundo nakwezobuntatheli ukubonisa izimvo kwimithombo yazo yantlandlolo, ukunqanda ukukopa, nokwenza abafundi baqinisekise iinyani. Iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo kunye nezangaphakathi zihlala zifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucaphula. Apha, siza kugocagoca kwiindlela ezimbini ezidumileyo: i-APA kunye ne-AP.
Kwiimeko zemfundo okanye zobungcali, ukucaphula kubalulekile ukunqanda ukukopa kunye nokungqina ukuba kukho into ekholelwayo emsebenzini wakho. Ikhonkco elilula okanye icandelo 'lemithombo' elisisiseko kaninzi aliyi kwanela. Ukuphawulwa phantsi ngenxa yokucaphula okungafanelekanga kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwakho kwezemfundo okanye isidima sobuchule.
I-APA (American Psychological Association) kwaye AP (Iendaba eziManyeneyo) Iifomathi ziphakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo izimbo zokucaphula, nganye inika izizathu ezahlukeneyo kwaye ifuna iindidi ezithile zolwazi lokucaphula.
- Ifomathi ye-APA ithandwa kakhulu kwisayensi yezentlalo njengepsychology, kwaye ifuna ukucatshulwa okuneenkcukacha ngaphakathi kokubhaliweyo nakwicandelo 'leeReferensi' ekupheleni kwephepha.
- Ifomathi ye-AP ithandwa kakhulu ekubhaleni ubuntatheli, kwaye ijolise ekuchazeni okucacileyo ngakumbi, okubhalwe ngaphakathi ngaphandle kwemfuneko yoluhlu oluneenkcukacha lwereferensi.
| Ngaphandle kolu mahluko, zombini izimbo zinenjongo ephambili yokubonisa ulwazi kunye nemithombo ngokucacileyo nangokufutshane. |
Imizekelo yokucaphula kwiifomathi ze-AP kunye ne-APA
Ezi fomati zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye ngohlobo lolwazi olufunekayo ekucatshulweni.
Umzekelo 1
Ukucaphula okufanelekileyo kwifomathi ye-AP kunokuba yinto efana nale:
- Ngokutsho kwe-usgovernmentspending.com, i-website elandelela inkcitho kaRhulumente, ityala lesizwe likhule nge-1.9 yezigidigidi zeedola kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo ukuya kwi-18.6 yeetriliyoni zeedola. Oku kukukhula okumalunga neshumi ekhulwini.
Nangona kunjalo, eso sicatshulwa sinye kwifomathi ye-APA iya kuba neenxalenye ezi-2. Ungabonisa ulwazi kwinqaku ngesichongi samanani ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ngokutsho kwe-usgovernmentspending.com, i-website elandelela inkcitho kaRhulumente, ityala lesizwe likhule nge-1.9 yezigidigidi zeedola kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo ukuya kwi-18.6 yeetriliyoni zeedola.
- [1] Oku kukukhula malunga neepesenti ezilishumi.
Okulandelayo, ungenza icandelo 'leMithombo' elahlukileyo lokucaphula ngokufanelekileyo, usebenzisa izichongi zamanani ukuhambelana nomthombo ngamnye ocatshulweyo, njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:
SOURCES
[1] Chantrell, uChristopher (2015, Septemba 3rd). "Iinombolo zeTyala ezicetywayo kunye nezakutshanje zase-US". Ifunyenwe kwi-http://www.usgovernmentspending.com/federal_debt_chart.html.
Umzekelo 2
Kwifomathi ye-AP, unika ulwazi ngokuthe ngqo kumthombo ngaphakathi kokubhaliweyo, ukuphelisa imfuno yecandelo lemithombo eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, kwinqaku leendaba, ungabhala:
- NgokukaSmith, umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha unokuchaphazela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,000 labantu.
Kwifomathi ye-APA, uya kubandakanya icandelo 'leMithombo' ekupheleni kwephepha lakho lezemfundo. Umzekelo, ungabhala:
- Umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha unokuchaphazela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,000 yabantu (uSmith, 2021).
SOURCES
USmith, J. (2021). Utshintsho kuMgaqo-nkqubo kunye neempembelelo zabo. Ijenali yoMgaqo-nkqubo woLuntu, i-14 (2), i-112-120.
Umzekelo 3
ifomathi ye-AP:
- USmith, ophethe i-PhD kwiNzululwazi yeNdalo evela kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard kwaye upapashe izifundo ezininzi malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu, uthi ukunyuka kwamanqanaba olwandle kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nemisebenzi yabantu.
Indlela ye-APA:
- Ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nemisebenzi yabantu (uSmith, 2019).
- USmith, onePhD kwiSayensi yokusiNgqongileyo evela eHarvard, uye waqhuba izifundo ezininzi eqinisekisa eli bango.
SOURCES
USmith, J. (2019). Impembelelo yeMisebenzi yoLuntu kuMphakamo oPhezulu woLwandle. Ijenali yeNzululwazi yeNdalo, i-29 (4), i-315-330.
| Ukucaphula ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile kubhalo lwezifundo kunye neentatheli, kunye neefomathi ze-APA kunye ne-AP ezibonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo. Ngelixa i-APA ifuna icandelo 'leMithombo' elineenkcukacha, i-AP idibanisa izicatshulwa ngokuthe ngqo kumbhalo. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile ukugcina ukuthembeka kunye nokunyaniseka komsebenzi wakho. |
isiphelo
| Siyathemba ukuba wena, njengomfundi, ngoku uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokucaphula ngokufanelekileyo imithombo yakho. Yifunde, uze uyisebenzise. Ngokwenza njalo, wongeza amathuba akho okupasa kwaye ugcine irekhodi elomeleleyo lezemfundo. |
