Iimfihlo zendlela yophando: Isikhokelo esinzulu

Qalisa uhambo lwakho lwezifundo ngesi sikhokelo sipheleleyo kwindlela yophando. Siyilelwe ngokukodwa abafundi, esi sikhokelo senza lula inkqubo yokuqhuba uphando olunzulu noluxabisekileyo. Funda indlela yokukhetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufunda kwakho, nokuba zezomgangatho, ubungakanani, okanye iindlela ezixubeneyo kwaye uqonde iinuances ezenza uphando lwakho lukholeleke kwaye lube nefuthe. Le yimephu yendlela yakho ebalulekileyo yophononongo lwezifundo, ibonelela ngesikhokelo senyathelo nenyathelo kwinqanaba ngalinye leprojekthi yakho yophando.

Inkcazo yendlela yophando

Ngokucacileyo, ingqikelelo yendlela yokwenza uphando isebenza njengesicwangciso-qhinga salo naluphi na uphononongo. Itshintsha ngokusekelwe kwimibuzo ethile isifundo esifuna ukuyiphendula. Ngokusisiseko, indlela yophando sisixhobo esikhethekileyo seendlela ezikhethiweyo zokuntywila kwindawo ethile yokukhangela.

Ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo, kufuneka uqwalasele umdla wakho wophando kunye nohlobo kunye nohlobo lwedatha oceba ukuyiqokelela kunye nokuyihlalutya.

Iintlobo zemethodi yophando

Ukujonga ubume bendlela yophando kunokuba nzima ngenxa yobuninzi bokhetho olukhoyo. Ngelixa iindlela ezingundoqo zihlala zigxile kubuchule bomgangatho, ubungakanani, kunye neendlela ezixubeneyo, ulwahlulo phakathi kwezi ndidi ziphambili ziyanda. Kubalulekile ukukhetha indlela yokusebenza ehambelana neenjongo zakho zophando, nokuba ibandakanya ukuhlalutya iintsingiselo zamanani, ukukhokelela kuphononongo olunzulu lwamava abantu, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini iindlela.

Kula macandelo alandelayo, siza kuphonononga nzulu kwindlela nganye kwezi zingundoqo: umgangatho, ubungakanani, kunye neendlela ezixubeneyo. Siza kuvavanya ii-sub-types zabo kwaye sinikeze isikhokelo malunga nokuba nini kwaye njani ukubaqeshwa kwiinzame zakho zophando.

Indlela yophando yobungakanani

Uphando lobungakanani yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo ejolise ikakhulu ekuqokeleleni nasekuhlalutyeni idatha yamanani. Le nkqubo yophando iqeshwe kuluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga kuqoqosho, ukuthengisa, isayikholoji, kunye nempilo yoluntu. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zobalo ukutolika idatha, abaphandi baqhele ukusebenzisa iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo ezifana nophando okanye iimvavanyo ezilawulwayo ukuqokelela ulwazi lwabo. Kweli candelo, sijonge ukucacisa iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zophando lobungakanani: Inkcazo kunye noVavanyo.

	Uphando oluchazayo lobungakanani	Uphando lobungakanani bovavanyo
injongo	Ukuchaza isenzeko ngedatha enokulinganiswa.	Ukuqinisekisa ubudlelwane besizathu kunye nesiphumo ngokusebenzisa idatha enokulinganiswa.
Umzekelo umbuzo	Bangaphi abafazi abavotele umgqatswa othile womongameli?	Ngaba ukuphumeza indlela entsha yokufundisa kuyawaphucula amanqaku ovavanyo lwabafundi?
Inyathelo lokuqala	Iqala ngokuqokelelwa kwedatha ecwangcisiweyo kunokwakheka kwe-hypothesis.	Iqala ngengxelo ethile eqikelelwayo ebeka inkqubo yophando (i-hypothesis).
Hypothesis	Ingqikelelo ayisoloko iqulunqwa ekuqaleni.	I-hypothesis echazwe kakuhle isetyenziselwa ukwenza uqikelelo oluthile malunga nesiphumo sophando.
Iintlobo	N / A (ayisebenzi)	Ukutshintsha okuzimeleyo (indlela yokufundisa), Utshintsho oluxhomekeke (amanqaku ovavanyo lwabafundi)
Procedure	N / A (ayisebenzi)	Ukuyila kunye nokusetyenziswa kovavanyo lokusebenzisa ukuguquguquka okuzimeleyo kunye nokubala impembelelo yalo kuguquguquko oluxhomekeke.
Phawula	Idatha iyahlawuliswa kwaye ishwankathelwe inkcazo.	Idatha yamanani eqokelelweyo ihlalutyelwe ukuvavanya i-hypothesis kunye nokuqinisekisa okanye ukuphikisa ukuqinisekiswa kwayo.

Uphando oluchazayo kunye novavanyo lusebenza njengemithetho-siseko esisiseko kwinkalo yendlela yophando lobungakanani. Ngamnye unamandla awodwa kunye nezicelo. Uphando oluchazayo lubonelela ngemifanekiso exabisekileyo yeziganeko ezithile, ezifanelekileyo kuphando lokuqala okanye kuphando olukhulu. Kwelinye icala, uphando loVavanyo luntywila nzulu, luphonononga unobangela-kunye-nesiphumo se-dynamics kwisetingi ezilawulwayo.

Ukhetho phakathi kwezi zibini kufuneka luhambelane neenjongo zakho zophando, nokuba unqwenela ukuchaza ngokulula imeko okanye uvavanye i-hypothesis ethile. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kunokukhokela abaphandi ekuyileni izifundo ezisebenzayo nezinentsingiselo.

Indlela yophando esemgangathweni

Uphando olusemgangathweni lujolise ekuqokeleleni nasekuhlalutyweni kwedatha engeyiyo yamanani njengamagama abhaliweyo okanye athethiweyo. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuphengulula kumava abantu abaphila kuwo kwaye iqhelekile kwiinkalo ezifana ne-anthropology yezentlalo, i-sociology, kunye nesayikholoji. Iindlela eziphambili zokuqokelela idatha zibandakanya udliwano-ndlebe, ukubonwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba, kunye nohlalutyo lombhalo. Apha ngezantsi, sichaza iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zophando lomgangatho: I-Ethnography, uphando olubalisayo, kunye nezifundo ze-Case.

	Imvelaphi	Uphando olubalisayo	eziyimpumelelo
injongo	Uphononongo lweenkcubeko kunye nobudlelwane boluntu ngengxelo ethe ngqo.	Ukuqonda amava aphilayo abantu abathile ngamabali obomi babo.	Ukuphanda into ethile ngaphakathi kwimeko ethile.
Umthombo wedatha ophambili	Amanqaku ommandla aneenkcukacha avela kwimigqaliselo enzulu.	Udliwano-ndlebe olude nabantu ngabanye.	Iindlela ezininzi, kubandakanya iingxelo kunye nodliwano-ndlebe.
Abaphandi abaqhelekileyo	Iingcali zeEthnographers	Abaphandi abasemgangathweni bagxile ekubaleni.	Abaphandi abasemgangathweni bagxile kwiziganeko ezithile ngaphakathi kweemeko ezizodwa.
umzekelo	Ukufunda ifuthe lenkolo kuluntu.	Ukurekhoda amabali obomi babantu abasinde kwintlekele yemvelo.	Ukuphanda ngendlela intlekele yendalo esichaphazela ngayo isikolo samabanga aphantsi.

Nganye kwezi ntlobo zophando olusemgangathweni ineseti yayo yeenjongo, iindlela, kunye nezicelo. I-Ethnography ijolise ekuphononongeni ukuziphatha kwenkcubeko, Uphando olubalisayo lufuna ukuqonda amava omntu ngamnye, kwaye i-Case studies ijolise ekuqondeni iziganeko kwiindawo ezithile. Ezi ndlela zinika ukuqonda okutyebileyo, okusemxholweni okuxabisekileyo ekuqondeni ubunzima bokuziphatha komntu kunye nentlalontle.

Uphando oluxubeneyo

Uphando lweendlela ezixubeneyo ludibanisa ubuchule bomgangatho kunye nobuninzi ukunika umbono obanzi wengxaki yophando. Ngokomzekelo, kuphononongo oluphonononga impembelelo yenkqubo entsha yezothutho yoluntu kuluntu, abaphandi banokusebenzisa isicwangciso esinamacala amaninzi:

• Iindlela zobungakanani. Uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukuqokelela idatha kwiimetriki ezifana namazinga okusetyenziswa, amaxesha okuhamba, kunye nokufikeleleka ngokubanzi.
• Iindlela zokufaneleka. Iingxoxo zamaqela ekugxilwe kuwo okanye udliwano-ndlebe lomntu ngamnye lunokuqhutywa namalungu oluntu ukulinganisa ngokwanelisayo ukwaneliseka kwabo, iinkxalabo zabo, okanye iingcebiso malunga nenkqubo entsha.

Le ndlela yokudibanisa ithandwa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezifana nocwangciso lwedolophu, umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu, kunye nenzululwazi yezentlalo.

Xa besenza isigqibo malunga nendlela yophando, abaphandi kufuneka baqwalasele ezona njongo ziphambili zofundo lwabo:

• Ukuba uphando lufuna ukuqokelela idatha yamanani yohlalutyo lwamanani, a indlela yobungakanani iya kufaneleka kakhulu.
• Ukuba injongo kukuqonda amava, izimvo, okanye iimeko zentlalo, a indlela esemgangathweni kufuneka yamkelwe.
• Ukuqonda ngokubanzi ingxaki yophando, a iindlela ezixubeneyo inokuba yeyona isebenzayo.

Ngokulungelelanisa indlela yokusebenza kunye neenjongo zabo zokufunda, abaphandi banokuqokelela idatha ekujoliswe kuyo nenentsingiselo.

Amacandelo ali-9 endlela yophando

Emva kokuba abaphandi begqibe ukuba yeyiphi indlela yophando ehambelana kakuhle neenjongo zophononongo lwabo, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuchaza amacandelo alo. La macandelo-aquka yonke into ukusuka kwisizathu sokuba bakhethe indlela ethile ukuya kwizinto zokuziphatha ekufuneka bazithathele ingqalelo-ayizondawo zokukhangela inkqubo. Basebenza njengezithuba ezibonelela ngesakhiwo esipheleleyo nesinengqiqo kumsebenzi wophando. Into nganye ineseti yayo yezinto ezintsonkothileyo kunye neengqwalaselo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu kubaphandi ukuba basombulule ngokucokisekileyo ukuze babonelele ngophononongo olupheleleyo, olungafihliyo, kunye noluneenqobo ezisesikweni.

1. Ukuqiqa emva kokhetho lwendlela yokusebenza

Inxalenye yokuqala kunye nengundoqo yendlela yophando kukuzithethelela kwendlela ekhethiweyo. Abaphandi kufuneka baqwalasele ngononophelo ingqiqo emva kwendlela abayikhethileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahambelana neenjongo zophononongo.

Umzekelo:

• Xa ukhetha indlela yophando yophando kuncwadi, abaphandi kufuneka baqale bachaze iinjongo zabo zophando. Basenokuba nomdla ekuphononongeni indlela echaneke ngayo inoveli yembali ebonisa amava okwenene abantu ngelo xesha. Kule meko, ukwenza udliwano-ndlebe olufanelekileyo nabantu abaphila ngeziganeko ezichazwe kule ncwadi kunokuba yindlela ephumelelayo yokuhlangabezana neenjongo zabo.
• Kungenjalo, ukuba injongo kukuqonda imbono kawonke-wonke yesicatshulwa ngexesha lokupapashwa kwayo, umphandi unokufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo ngokuphonononga izixhobo zogcino-mpepha, njengamanqaku ephephandaba okanye uphononongo lwangoku ukusuka kwelo xesha.

2. Ukufumana indawo yophando

Enye into ephambili ekuyileni indlela yophando kukuchonga indawo engqonge uphando, echaza ukuba eyona misebenzi yophando iya kwenzeka phi. Ukusetwa akuchaphazeli nje kuphela ukuhanjiswa kophando kodwa kunokuchaphazela umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha eqokelelweyo.

Umzekelo:

• Kuphononongo lophando olusemgangathweni olusebenzisa udliwano-ndlebe, abaphandi mabakhethe hayi indawo kuphela kodwa kwanexesha lodliwano-ndlebe. Ukhetho lusukela kwiofisi esemthethweni ukuya kwindawo esondeleleneyo yasekhaya, nganye inefuthe layo ekuqokeleleni idatha. Ixesha lisenokutshintshwa ngokokufumaneka kunye nenqanaba lokuthuthuzela kwabathathi-nxaxheba. Kukwakho neingqwalasela ezongezelelweyo zodliwano-ndlebe olusemgangathweni, olunje:

• Isandi kunye neziphazamiso. Qinisekisa ukuba useto luzolile kwaye alunaziphazamiso kudliwano-ndlebe kunye nodliwano-ndlebe.
• Izixhobo zokurekhoda. Gqiba kwangaphambili ukuba luhlobo luni lwezixhobo eziza kusetyenziswa ukurekhoda udliwano-ndlebe kunye nendlela eya kusekwa ngayo kwindawo ekhethiweyo.

• Kwabo baqhuba uphando lobungakanani, ukhetho luvela kwiikhweshine ze-intanethi ezifikelelekayo ukusuka naphi na ukuya kwiisaveyi ezisekelwe ephepheni ezilawulwa kwiindawo ezithile ezinjengamagumbi okufundela okanye iisetingi zenkampani. Xa ulinganisa olu khetho, izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka:

• Ukufikelela kunye nenani labantu. Uphononongo lwe-Intanethi lunokuba nokufikelela ngokubanzi, kodwa lunokwazisa nokuthambekela ecaleni ukuba amaqela athile eedemografi akanakukwazi ukufikelela kwi-intanethi.
• Amazinga okuphendula. Isilungiselelo sinokuphembelela ukuba bangaphi abantu abalugqibayo ngokwenene uphando. Ngokomzekelo, uphando lomntu lunokukhokelela kumazinga aphezulu okugqiba.

Xa ukhetha indawo yophando, kubalulekile ukuphinda ujonge ezona njongo ziphambili zophando. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umphandi ufuna ukuphanda nzulu kumava obuqu anxulumene nesiganeko sembali, ukubamba imiqondiso engeyiyo yomlomo njengembonakalo yobuso kunye nolwimi lomzimba kunokubaluleka. Ngenxa yoko, ukwenza udliwano-ndlebe kwindawo apho abathathi-nxaxheba baziva bekhululekile, njengakumakhaya abo, kunokuvelisa ulwazi olutyebileyo, olunentsingiselo engakumbi.

3. Iikhrayitheriya zokukhethwa komthathi-nxaxheba

Elinye icandelo elibalulekileyo ekuqulunqeni indlela yophando yinkqubo yokuchonga nokukhetha abathathi-nxaxheba kuphando. Abathathi-nxaxheba abakhethiweyo kufuneka bawele phakathi kwedemografi okanye udidi olungundoqo ekuphenduleni umbuzo wophando okanye ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zokufunda.

Umzekelo:

• Ukuba umphandi osemgangathweni uphanda iimpembelelo zempilo yengqondo yomsebenzi okude, kuya kufaneleka ukubandakanya abasebenzi abatshintshele kwiindawo zokusebenza ezikude. Iikhrayitheriya zokukhetha zinokubandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo, njengohlobo lomsebenzi, iminyaka, isini, kunye neminyaka yamava omsebenzi.
• Kwezinye iimeko, abaphandi banokungadingeki ukuba bafune abathathi-nxaxheba. Umzekelo, ukuba uphononongo lubandakanya ukuhlalutya iintetho zikawonke-wonke zezopolitiko, idatha sele ikhona kwaye akukho mfuneko yokugaya abathathi-nxaxheba.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinjongo ezithile kunye nohlobo loyilo lophando, izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha umthathi-nxaxheba zingafuneka:

• Uphando lobungakanani. Kwizifundo ezijolise kwidatha yamanani, indlela yokwenza isampuli engakhethiyo inokufaneleka ukuqinisekisa ummeli kunye neesampuli ezahlukeneyo zabathathi-nxaxheba.
• Abemi abakhethekileyo. Kwiimeko apho uphando lujolise ekufundeni iqela elikhethekileyo, njengamajoni asemkhosini ane-PTSD (i-Post-traumatic stress disorder), ukhetho olungenammiselo alufanelekanga ngenxa yeempawu ezizodwa ze-pool yabathathi-nxaxheba.

Kuzo zonke iimeko, kubalulekile ukuba abaphandi bachaze ngokucacileyo ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bakhethwa njani kwaye banike ulungelelwaniso lwale ndlela yokhetho.

Le ndlela yobuchule yokukhetha umthathi-nxaxheba iphakamisa ukunyaniseka nokuthembeka kophando, okwenza iziphumo zisebenze ngakumbi kwaye zithembeke.

4. Ukuvunywa ngokweenqobo ezisesikweni kunye nokuqwalaselwa

Iingqwalasela zokuziphatha akufuneki zibe yingcinga engemva kuyo nawuphi na umsebenzi wophando. Ukubonelela ngengqibelelo yokuziphatha yophando akukhuseli kuphela izifundo kodwa kukwaphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kweziphumo zophando. Apha ngezantsi kukho imimandla ephambili yokuqwalaselwa kweenqobo ezisesikweni:

• Ukuphonononga imvume yebhodi. Kuphando malunga nezifundo zabantu, ukufumana imvume yokuziphatha kwibhodi yophononongo kudla ngokufuneka.
• Idatha yabucala. Iingqwalasela zokuziphatha zikwasebenza kwiimeko ezifana nobumfihlo bedatha kuhlalutyo lwesibini lwedatha.
• Ukugqubana kwemidla. Ukuqaphela ukungqubana kwemidla okunokubakho kolunye uxanduva lokuziphatha.
• Inkxaso enolwazi. Abaphandi kufuneka bachaze iinkqubo zokufumana imvume enolwazi kubathathi-nxaxheba.
• Ukujongana neenkxalabo zokuziphatha. Kubalulekile ukuchaza indlela umngcipheko weenqobo ezisesikweni oye wathotywa ngayo, nto leyo enokuthi ibandakanye iinkqubo kunye nemigaqo yeengxaki zokuziphatha.

Ukunika ingqwalasela ethe kratya kwingqwalasela yeenqobo ezisesikweni kuyo yonke inkqubo yophando kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka nokuthembeka kophononongo.

5. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kuphando

Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kwendlela yophando kubalulekile. Ukuchaneka kubhekiselele kwindlela iziphumo zophando zisondele kangakanani kwinyaniso yokwenene, ngelixa ukuthembeka ligama elibanzi elibandakanya iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho wophando, ezifana nokuthembeka, ukudluliselwa, ukuxhomekeka, kunye nokuqinisekiswa.

Umzekelo:

• Kuphononongo olusemgangathweni olubandakanya udliwano-ndlebe, umntu kufuneka abuze: Ngaba imibuzo yodliwano-ndlebe isoloko ivelisa uhlobo olufanayo lolwazi oluvela kubathathi-nxaxheba abohlukeneyo, ebonisa ukuthembeka? Ngaba le mibuzo ifanelekile ekulinganiseni oko kujongwe ukukulinganisa? Kuphando lobungakanani, abaphandi bahlala bebuza ukuba izikali zabo zokulinganisa okanye izixhobo ziye zaqinisekiswa ngaphambili kwiimeko ezifanayo zophando.

Abaphandi kufuneka bachaze ngokucacileyo indlela abaceba ngayo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kwisifundo sabo, ngeendlela ezifana novavanyo lokulinga, ukuphononongwa kweengcali, uhlalutyo lwamanani, okanye ezinye iindlela.

6. Ukukhetha izixhobo zokuqokelela idatha

Ekuphuhliseni indlela yophando, abaphandi kufuneka benze izigqibo ezibalulekileyo malunga neentlobo zedatha abayifunayo, nto leyo echaphazela ukhetho lwabo phakathi kwemithombo ephambili kunye neyesibini.

• Imithombo ephambili. Le yimithombo yoqobo yolwazi eluncedo ngokukodwa ekuphenduleni imibuzo yophando. Imizekelo ibandakanya udliwano-ndlebe olusemgangathweni kunye novavanyo olulungiselelweyo kwizifundo zobungakanani.
• Imithombo yesibini. Le yimithombo yesandla esesibini ebonelela ngedatha esekelwe kuphando lomnye umntu okanye amava. Banokubonelela ngomxholo obanzi kwaye babandakanye amanqaku ezifundo kunye neencwadi zezifundo.

Nje ukuba uhlobo lomthombo wedatha lukhethiwe, umsebenzi olandelayo kukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuqokelela idatha:

• Izixhobo zokufaneleka. Kuphando olusemgangathweni, iindlela ezifana nodliwano-ndlebe zinokukhethwa. 'I-interview protocol,' ebandakanya uluhlu lwemibuzo kunye nescript sodliwano-ndlebe, isebenza njengesixhobo sokuqokelela idatha.
• Uhlalutyo loncwadi. Kwizifundo ezijolise kuhlalutyo loncwadi, isicatshulwa esiphambili okanye izicatshulwa ezininzi ezibonisa uphando zihlala zisebenza njengomthombo oyintloko wedatha. Idatha yesibini ingabandakanya imithombo yembali efana nophononongo okanye amanqaku apapashwe malunga nexesha lokubhalwa kwesicatshulwa.

Ukukhethwa ngononophelo kwemithombo yedatha kunye nezixhobo zokuqokelela kubalulekile ekulungiseleleni indlela yophando eyomeleleyo. Ukhetho lwakho kufuneka luhambelane ngokusondeleyo nemibuzo yophando kunye neenjongo zokuqinisekisa ubunyani nokuthembeka kweziphumo.

7. Iindlela zokuhlalutya idatha

Enye inkalo ephambili yendlela yophando ziindlela zokuhlalutya idatha. Oku kuyahluka ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwedatha eqokelelweyo kunye neenjongo ezibekwe ngumphandi. Nokuba usebenza ngedatha esemgangathweni okanye yobungakanani, indlela yakho yokuyitolika iya kwahluka kakhulu.

Umzekelo:

• Idatha esemgangathweni. Abaphandi bahlala "ikhowudi" yedatha esemgangathweni ngokwemixholo, befuna ukuchonga iikhonsepthi eziphambili okanye iipatheni kulwazi. Oku kunokubandakanya ukubhalwa kweerekhodi zodliwano-ndlebe ukufumana imixholo ephindaphindiweyo okanye iimvakalelo.
• Idatha yobungakanani. Ngokwahlukileyo, idatha yobuninzi idla ngokufuna iindlela zobalo zohlalutyo. Abaphandi bahlala besebenzisa izixhobo ezibonakalayo ezifana neetshathi kunye neegrafu ukubonisa intsingiselo kunye nobudlelwane kwidatha.
• Uphando loncwadi. Xa kugxininiswe kwizifundo zoncwadi, uhlalutyo lwedatha lunokubandakanya ukuphononongwa kwesihloko kunye novavanyo lwemithombo yesibini enika amagqabantshintshi kwisicatshulwa ekuthethwa ngaso.

Emva kokuchaza indlela yakho yohlalutyo lwedatha, unokunqwenela ukuqukumbela eli candelo ngokugqamisa indlela iindlela ezikhethiweyo ezihambelana ngayo nemibuzo yophando kunye neenjongo zakho, ngaloo ndlela uqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokunyaniseka kweziphumo zakho.

8. Ukuqaphela imida yophando

Njengenyathelo eliphantse liqukunjelwe kwindlela yophando, abaphandi kufuneka baxoxe ngokuphandle ngemiqobo kunye nemida ekhoyo kufundo lwabo, kunye nengqwalasela yeenqobo ezisesikweni ehambelana nayo. Akukho nzame zophando ezinokujongana ngokupheleleyo nenkalo nganye yesifundo; ke ngoko, zonke izifundo zinemida yendalo:

• Iingxaki zemali kunye nexesha. Umzekelo, ukulinganiselwa kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali okanye izithintelo zexesha zinokuchaphazela inani labathathi-nxaxheba umphandi angabandakanya.
• Ubume besifundo. Unyino lunokuthi luchaphazele umda wophando, kubandakanywa izihloko okanye imibuzo engenakuqwalaselwa.
• Izikhokelo zokuziphatha. Kubalulekile ukuyichaza ngokucacileyo imigangatho yeenqobo ezisesikweni elandelwa kuphando, iqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo yokuziphatha efanelekileyo ichongiwe kwaye yathotyelwa.

Ukuqaphela le mida kunye nengqwalasela yeenqobo zokuziphatha kubalulekile ekudaleni indlela ecacileyo yophando kunye nephepha.

Ukuphucula ukugqwesa kwizifundo ngezixhobo zethu ezikhethekileyo

Kuhambo lophando lwezemfundo, inyathelo lokugqibela libandakanya ukucokisa kunye nokuqinisekisa umsebenzi wakho. Iqonga lethu inikeza iinkonzo ezenzelwe ukuphucula nokukhusela iinzame zakho zophando:

• Ukubhaqwa nokususa izinto ezintsha zokukopa. Ihlabathi lethu elithembekileyo Ukukhangela ukukopela iqinisekisa imvelaphi yophando lwakho, ibambelele kweyona migangatho iphezulu yemfundo. Ngaphandle kokufunyanwa, inkonzo yethu ikwabonelela ngezisombululo ukususwa kokukopa, ekukhokele ekuhlaziyweni ngokutsha okanye ekuhlengahlengiseni umxholo ngelixa ugcina undoqo womsebenzi wakho.
• Uncedo lokuhlola uvavanyo lwengcali. Guqula iphepha lakho lophando libe ngubugcisa obukhazimlisiweyo nobuchwephesha bethu inkonzo yokuhlola iimpazamo. Iingcali zethu ziya kuhlengahlengisa ukubhala kwakho ukuze kucace kakhulu, ukuyondelelana, kunye nefuthe, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphando lwakho ludluliselwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ezi zixhobo ziluncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba uphando lwakho aluhambelani kuphela nemigangatho yemfundo kodwa lukwakhanya ngokwemigaqo yokucaca kunye nokuchaneka. sayina kwaye ube namava endlela iqonga lethu elinokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wemizamo yakho yokufunda.

Ukubaluleka kwendlela yophando eyakhiwe kakuhle

Indlela yophando idlala indima ephambili ekumiseni inkqubo yophando kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka nokusebenza kwayo. Le ndlela yophando isebenza njengemephu yendlela, inika imiyalelo ecacileyo kwinyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo yophando, kubandakanywa iinkxalabo zokuziphatha, ukuqokelela idatha, kunye nohlalutyo. Indlela yophando eyenziwe ngobunono ayipheleli nje ekubambeleleni kwimigaqo yokuziphatha kodwa ikwakhuthaza ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kophononongo.

Ngaphaya komsebenzi wayo obalulekileyo ekukhokeleni inkqubo yophando, indlela yophando ineenjongo ezimbini zabafundi kunye nabaphandi bexesha elizayo:

• Ukujonga ukufaneleka. Ukubandakanya inkcazo emfutshane yendlela yophando kwi-abstract inceda abanye abaphandi babone ngokukhawuleza ukuba isifundo siyahambelana na noko bakufundayo.
• Indlela yokusebenza elubala. Ukubonelela ngengxelo eneenkcukacha zendlela yophando kwicandelo elizinikeleyo lephepha kuvumela abafundi ukuba bafumane ukuqonda okunzulu kweendlela kunye nobuchule obusetyenzisiweyo.

Xa usazisa indlela yophando kwi-abstract, kubalulekile ukugubungela imiba ephambili:

• Uhlobo lophando kunye nokulungiswa kwalo
• Ukusetwa kophando kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba
• Iinkqubo zokuqokelela idatha
• Iindlela zokuhlalutya idatha
• Unyino lophando

Ngokunika lo magqabantshintshi ngokufutshane, unceda abo baza kufunda ukuba baqonde ngokukhawuleza ukuyila kofundisiso lwakho, kubaphembelela ukuba baya kuqhubeka na ukufunda iphepha. Kufuneka kulandele icandelo 'leNdlela yeNdlela yoPhando' elandelayo, eneenkcukacha ezithe kratya, licacisa icandelo ngalinye lendlela yokusebenza ngobunzulu obukhulu.

Umzekelo wendlela yophando

Iindlela zophando zisebenza njengentsika yalo naluphi na uphando lwezifundo, zibonelela ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuphanda imibuzo kunye neengxaki. Kuphando lomgangatho, iindlela zokwenza izinto zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nokuhlalutya kuhambelana neenjongo zophando. Ukubonisa ngcono ukuba indlela yokusebenza yophando inokuchazwa njani kuphononongo, masijonge kumzekelo ogxile ekuphandeni iimpembelelo zempilo yengqondo zomsebenzi okude ngexesha lobhubhani we-Covid-19.

Umzekelo:

isiphelo

Indima yendlela yophando eyenziwe kakuhle ayinakubaxa. Ukukhonza njengemephu yendlela, inika umphandi kunye nomfundi isikhokelo esithembekileyo kuyilo lophononongo, iinjongo kunye nokunyaniseka. Esi sikhokelo sikuhamba kumhlaba ontsonkothileyo wendlela yophando, sinikezela ngemibono ebalulekileyo malunga nendlela yokulungelelanisa iindlela zakho kunye neenjongo zakho zokufunda. Ukwenza njalo, akuqinisekisi kuphela ukuthembeka kunye nokuthembeka kophando lwakho kodwa kunegalelo kwimpembelelo yalo kunye nokusebenza kwizifundo zexesha elizayo kunye noluntu olubanzi lwezemfundo.