Ukuphumelela kuviwo lomlomo: Ukususela ekulungiseleleni ukuya ekusebenzeni

Kutheni abanye abafundi begqwesa kwiimviwo zomlomo ngelixa abanye betsala nzima? Ukuphumelela uviwo lomlomo kubandakanya okungakumbi kunokwazi nje umbandela; ifuna izakhono zonxibelelwano ezibukhali kunye nolungiselelo lobuchule. Nokuba ujongene novavanyo olubalulekileyo lolwimi okanye uvavanyo lwesiqinisekiso sobuchule, ukuqonda indlela yokuchaza iingcinga zakho ngokucacileyo nangokuzithemba ngundoqo. Esi sikhokelo sintywila kwizicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokuphumelela iimviwo zomlomo, ukusuka ekusebenziseni itekhnoloji ukuya kwiinuances zenkcubeko.

Sijoyine njengoko siphonononga indlela yokuguqula ulungiselelo lwakho lube ngumgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza, siqinisekisa ukuba awuphumeleli nje kuphela kodwa ubalasele kulo naluphi na ulungiselelo lweemviwo zomlomo.

Yintoni uViwo lweOral?

Uviwo lwe-orali, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-viva okanye i-viva voce, luvavanyo lokusebenzisana apho abaviwa kufuneka babonise ngomlomo ulwazi lwabo ngommandla wesifundo esithile. Ngokungafaniyo neemviwo ezibhaliweyo, iimviwo zomlomo ziyasebenzisana, ezibandakanya incoko ethe ngqo nomvavanyi omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Le fomati ivumela abavavanyi ukuba baphonononge ngokunzulu ukuqonda komviwa kunye nokuvavanya ukukwazi kwabo ukucacisa iingcamango ngokucacileyo nangempumelelo.

Ukufaneleka kwiimeko zemfundo kunye neengcali

Kwiimeko zemfundo, iimviwo zomlomo zibalulekile kumacandelo axhamlayo ngokuchazwa ngomlomo, njengezifundo zolwimi, uncwadi, imbali, kunye nobugcisa. Ezi mviwo azivavanyi kuphela ulwazi oluyinyani lomfundi kodwa zikwavavanya ingcinga enzulu, iingxoxo ezicengayo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanyeka kwintetho yomfundi, nto leyo ebenza babaluleke kakhulu ekuvavanyeni isakhono seelwimi zasemzini okanye izakhono zokutolika.

Ngokomsebenzi, iimviwo zomlomo zibalulekile kwiinkalo ezifuna unxibelelwano olusebenzayo nolwazi lobuchwephesha. Umzekelo, abafundi bezomthetho banokufuna ukubonisa izakhono zabo zokuxoxa enkundleni ye-moot, ngelixa abafundi bezonyango kufuneka babonise ukuqonda ngokuxilonga kwintsebenziswano yesigulane. Ngokufanayo, iinkqubo ezininzi zesatifikethi kunye nodliwano-ndlebe lwemisebenzi zisebenzisa iimviwo zomlomo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaviwa banezakhono zokunxibelelana ngomlomo eziyimfuneko kunye nobuchule bobuchwephesha.

Kuzo zombini iimeko zemfundo kunye nezobugcisa, iimviwo zomlomo azincedi kuphela ukuseta ulwazi oluthile kunye nezakhono kodwa kuzo zombini iimeko zemfundo kunye nezobuchwephesha, iimviwo zomlomo azivavanyi nje ulwazi oluthile kunye nezakhono kodwa zikwavavanya ukukwazi ukunxibelelana ngokucinga nangokucacileyo, zizenza izixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokunxibelelana. imibutho yezemfundo neyobungcali eqinisekisa ubuchule.

Amacebo okulungiselela iimviwo zomlomo

Ukulungiselela uviwo lomlomo kubandakanya okungakumbi kunokuqonda nje umbandela; kufuna unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lolwazi lwakho phantsi koxinzelelo. Izicwangciso ezichazwe apha ngezantsi ziyilelwe ukuphucula ukulungela kwakho ngokugxila kwimiba ephambili yeemviwo zomlomo, kukunceda ukuba unxibelelane ngempumelelo nangokuzithemba:

• Qonda ifomathi yoviwo. Ziqhelanise nefomathi yoviwo lomlomo, kubandakanywa nokuba uya kudibana ne-monologues, iingxoxo, okanye amacandelo asebenzisanayo. Ukwazi oku kukunceda ulungelelanise amalungiselelo akho ngokweendlela zonxibelelwano ezilindelekileyo.
• Ziqhelise ukuthetha. Zibandakanye kwiimeko zovavanyo ezifanisiweyo ukwakha intuthuzelo kunye nobuchule kwiindlela ezifunekayo zonxibelelwano. Esi senzo sibalulekile ekomelezeni iimpendulo zakho zomlomo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nemo eguquguqukayo yeemviwo zomlomo.
• Hlolisisa umbandela oyintloko. Qinisekisa ukuba uyaziqonda iikhonsepthi ezibalulekileyo kunye nezibakala ezinxulumene noviwo lwakho izihloko. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifana namakhadi oonotsheluza, izishwankathelo, kunye nemizobo ukuxhasa inkumbulo yakho kwaye wenze nzulu ukuqonda kwakho.
• Phuhlisa ubuchule bokuphendula imibuzo. Gxininisa kulwakhiwo lweempendulo ezicacileyo nezicacileyo kwimibuzo enokubakho yeemviwo. Ukuphuhlisa esi buchule kubalulekile ukuze unxibelelane ngempumelelo nezimvo zakho ngexesha loviwo lomlomo.
• Funa impendulo. Fumana ingxelo ngesakhono sakho sokuthetha kootitshala okanye koontanga. Le ngxelo ibalulekile ekuchongeni iindawo ekufuneka uziphucule kwaye uphucule unxibelelwano lwakho olusebenzayo.
• Iindlela zokuphucula. Sebenzisa ukuphefumla okunzulu okanye iindlela zokuqonda ukulawula uxinzelelo ngaphambi nangexesha loviwo. Ukugcina ingqondo ezolileyo ngundoqo ekucingeni okucacileyo kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo.

Ezi zicwangciso zisisiseko kulo naluphi na ulungiselelo lweemviwo zomlomo, zikunceda ukuba usondele kuvavanyo lwakho ngokuzithemba kunye neseti yesakhono esijikelezwe kakuhle.

Amanqanaba olwimi lweCEFR kunye neemviwo zomlomo

Ukuqonda ifayile ye- Isakhelo esiQhelekileyo saseYurophu sokuReference for Languages ​​(CEFR) ibalulekile kubaviwa abalungiselela uvavanyo lwezakhono zolwimi. Nantsi inkcazo yezakhono eziphambili kunye neengcebiso zokulungiselela kwinqanaba ngalinye:

• A1 ukuya ku-A2 (umsebenzisi osisiseko). Bamba unxibelelwano olusisiseko usebenzisa ulwimi olulula, ugxile kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ulwazi lomntu siqu, okanye imisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Yomeleza igrama yakho esisiseko kunye nesigama, uze ubandakanyeke rhoqo kwiincoko ezilula.
• I-B1 ukuya kwi-B2 (umsebenzisi ozimeleyo). Zibandakanye kusetyenziso lolwimi oluntsonkothileyo, olufana nokuxoxa ngeemeko zokuhamba, ukuchaza amava, nokuvakalisa izimvo. Yandisa isigama sakho kwaye uzibandakanye kwiingxoxo ezicela umngeni ukuba ukhusele uluvo lwakho kwaye uqikelele ngeziphumo ezahlukeneyo.
• C1 ukuya C2 (umsebenzisi onobuchule). Nxibelelana ngokutyibilikayo nangokuzenzekela. Ufanele ukwazi ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iimbono ezingavakaliyo neendawo ezikhethekileyo, usebenzisa ulwimi oluneenkcukacha noluntsonkothileyo. Gxininisa ekusulungekiseni ukuchaneka kolwimi lwakho kunye nokuvakalisa izimvo ezinzima ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuqonda okulindelweyo ngabavavanyi kwinqanaba ngalinye lobuchule bolwimi akuncedi kuphela ekulungiseleleni ngempumelelo kodwa kunciphisa ixhala ngokucacisa oko kulindelekileyo. La malungiselelo ekujoliswe kuwo angundoqo ekuqhubeni kakuhle kwiimviwo zomlomo.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwenkcubeko kwiimviwo zomlomo

Ukuwenza kakuhle lo mbandela kubalulekile, kodwa kubantu abangengomthonyama, ukuqonda inkcubeko yolwimi kunye nommandla obandakanyekayo kwiimviwo zomlomo kubalulekile ngokulinganayo. Le yantlukwano ngokwenkcubeko inefuthe elikhulu kumxholo wemibuzo kunye nokulindelweyo kwindlela iimpendulo ezidluliselwa ngayo.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukwazi inkcubeko

Izalathiso zenkcubeko, izaci, kunye nezithethe ezifihlakeleyo zinempembelelo kakhulu kutshintsho lweemviwo zobuchule bolwimi. Ukuthambekela kwenkcubeko yomvavanyi kunokuchaphazela indlela abatolika ngayo iimpendulo zakho, kugxininisa imfuneko yolungiselelo olucokisekileyo ekuqondeni inkcubeko. Obu buchule budlulela ngaphaya kobuchule bolwimi; kubandakanya ukuqonda imeko yenkcubeko ebumba indlela imibuzo equlunqwa ngayo kunye neempendulo ezivavanywayo.

Ubuchule bokujonga izinto zenkcubeko

• Uqeqesho lobuntununtunu kwinkcubeko. Zibandakanye kwizifundo ezisesikweni okanye ukuzihlola ngokuzikhokela ngokusebenzisa amajelo eendaba, iifilim, kunye noncwadi ukuze ufumane ulwazi ngezithethe nezithethe zenkcubeko. Olu qeqesho lunika abaviwa ukuqonda kunye nentlonipho yokungafani kweenkcubeko, ezinokuthi zibe ngundoqo ngexesha loviwo.
• Ziqhelanise nezithethi zomthonyama. Iincoko ezithe rhoqo nezithethi zomthonyama zibonisa abaviwa indlela olu lwimi lusetyenziswa ngayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kubandakanywa intetho yentetho yentetho yentetho yeelwimi nenkcubeko edla ngokufumaneka kwiincwadi zezifundo. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekuqondeni amagama athethwayo kunye neempawu ezingezizo ezolwimi ezibhekiselele kwinkcubeko.
• Iimpendulo ezilungelelanisiweyo kwizinto ezilindelwe yinkcubeko. Phuhlisa ulwazi lokuba iimpendulo zinokubonwa njani zizithethi zomthonyama okanye abavavanyi abavela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Oku kufuna ukunika iimpendulo ezihambelana nolindelo lwenkcubeko yembeko, ukuba sesikweni, kunye nendlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo, into engaphaya kokwazi nje ulwimi.

Iipasile eziqhelekileyo zenkcubeko kunye nendlela yokuziphepha

• Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olungekho sikweni ngokungafanelekanga. Kwezinye iinkcubeko, ukusebenzisa ulwimi oluqhelekileyo okanye ulwimi oluqhelekileyo kunokubonakala kukungahloniphi, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezisesikweni njengeemviwo. Abaviwa kufuneka bafunde amanqanaba okusesikweni alindelekileyo kulwimi abavavanywa ngalo kwaye banamathele kuwo kwiimpendulo zabo.
• Ukungaqondi iimpawu ezingezizo ezomlomo. Ukwahluka kwezithethe ngolwimi lomzimba, ukujongwa kwamehlo, nezimbo zomzimba kunokukhokelela ekungaqondani. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iindawo, ukujonga abantu emehlweni kubonisa ukuba uyazithemba yaye unyanisekile, ngoxa kwezinye kusenokujongwa njengolucelomngeni okanye kukungabi nantlonelo. Abaviwa kufuneka baphande kwaye baziqhelanise nonxibelelwano olufanelekileyo olungasebenzisi magama kwinkcubeko enxulumene nolwimi.
• Ukusingatha izihloko ezinobuzaza. Izihloko ezixhaphakileyo kwenye inkcubeko zisenokungavumelekanga kwenye. Umzekelo, ukuxoxa ngemicimbi yosapho okanye impumelelo yobuqu kusenokwamkelwa kwiimeko ezithile zenkcubeko kodwa kujongwe njengokungafanelekanga kwabanye ngexesha lovavanyo olusesikweni. Abaviwa kufuneka bakhumbule i-taboos yenkcubeko kwaye baphephe izifundo ezinokuthi zibe novakalelo ngaphandle kokuba baqhutywe ngokukodwa ngumvavanyi.

Ukubandakanya ukuqonda iinuances zenkcubeko kulungiselelo lweemviwo, abaviwa baphucula amandla abo okuzibandakanya ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ngexesha loviwo lomlomo. Ukuziqhelanisa nolindelo lwenkcubeko yokusetwa kweemviwo kunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kwabo kunye nokunxibelelana kwabo nabavavanyi.

Imizekelo yemibuzo yoviwo lomlomo kunye neempendulo

Ukulungiselela ngcono abaviwa iimviwo zomlomo, ngakumbi kwizicwangciso eziqhutywa bubuchwephesha, kuluncedo ukuphonononga imibuzo yomzekelo othile kunye neempendulo ezicetyiswayo. Le mizekelo ilungiselelwe ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obuchule bolwimi ngokusekwe kwisakhelo seCEFR.

Inqanaba le-A1 - abaqalayo

• umbuzo: “Sesiphi isifundo osithandayo esikolweni?”
  • Umzekelo impendulo: “Eyona nto ndiyithandayo kubugcisa kuba ndiyakuthanda ukuzoba nokuzoba. Kumnandi kwaye kundivumela ukuba ndiyile.”
• umbuzo: "Chaza iklasi yakho."
  • Umzekelo impendulo: “Igumbi lam lokufundela liqaqambile kwaye likhulu. Kukho iidesika ezininzi kunye nebhodi emhlophe enkulu ngaphambili. Ndihlala ngasefestileni kwaye ndiyalibona ibala lokudlala likwidesika yam.

Ngomzekelo obonakalayo wendlela le mibuzo enokuthi iphendulwe ngayo kuviwo, jonga le vidiyo: Umzekelo wabaqalayo.

Inqanaba le-B2 - eliphezulu-eliphakathi

• umbuzo: "Ngaba ungayichaza inkqubo yakho yemihla ngemihla?"
  • Impendulo yomzekelo: “Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ndihlala ndivuka nge-7 AM kwaye ndiqale usuku lwam ngokubaleka ngokukhawuleza epakini. Emva koko, ndinesidlo sakusasa, esibandakanya i-oatmeal kunye neziqhamo. Emva koko ndiye emsebenzini, apho ndichitha ixesha elininzi losuku lwam. Ngokuhlwa, ndithanda ukufunda okanye ukubukela imuvi ukuze ndiphumle.”
• umbuzo: "Zithini izimvo zakho malunga nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke kwizixeko ezikhulu?"
  • Impendulo yomzekelo: “Ndikholelwa ukuba izithuthi zikawonke-wonke kwizixeko ezikhulu zibalulekile ekunciphiseni izithuthi kunye nongcoliseko. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zenza kube lula ukuhamba kwaye zinokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kubahlali. Nangona kunjalo, izixeko ezininzi zisafuna ukwandisa iinkonzo zazo kwaye zandise ukusebenza kakuhle. ”

Bukela le vidiyo ngomfanekiso wendlela imibuzo ekwinqanaba eliphakathi enokuphendulwa ngayo: Umzekelo ongentla-ophakathi.

Inqanaba leC2 - linobuchule

• umbuzo: “Xoxa ngempembelelo yomanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiinkcubeko zasekuhlaleni.”
  • Impendulo yomzekelo: “Ukulungelelaniswa kwehlabathi kunempembelelo enkulu kwizithethe zasekuhlaleni, ezintle nezimbi. Kwelinye icala, ikhuthaza ukutshintshiselana ngenkcubeko kwaye inokunceda ekusasazeni iingcamango nezenzo ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, kunokukhokelela kwi-homogenization yenkcubeko, apho izithethe ezizodwa zinokugutyungelwa ziindlela zehlabathi. Kubalulekile ukufumana ibhalansi ehlonipha izazisi zasekhaya ngelixa usamkela unxibelelwano lwehlabathi. ”
• umbuzo: "Vavanya impumelelo yokusebenza kude."
  • Impendulo yomzekelo: “Ukusebenza kude kunika izibonelelo ezininzi, njengokuguquguquka kunye nokuncitshiswa kwamaxesha okuhamba, okunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwemveliso kunye nokulungelelana kobomi bomsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, ikwabonelela ngemiceli mngeni efana nokuncipha kokudityaniswa kweqela kunye neempembelelo ezinokubakho kwimpilo yengqondo ngenxa yokuzahlula. Ukusebenza kude okusebenzayo kufuna izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezomeleleyo kunye nenkcubeko eyomeleleyo yombutho exhasa abasebenzi abakude. ”

Umzekelo weempendulo zomlomo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, jonga le vidiyo: Umzekelo kwabanolwazi.

Le mizekelo ibonisa ubunzima obulindelekileyo kunye nobunzulu beempendulo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-CEFR. Ngelixa iimeko ezibonelelwe apha zingabandakanyi ngokuthe ngqo iteknoloji, kufuneka wazi ukuba iimviwo zomlomo, ngakumbi kwizicwangciso zangoku, zinokubandakanya amaqonga onxibelelwano lwedijithali. Ukuqhelana nala maqonga kunye nokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zeemviwo ezongeziweyo zetekhnoloji kunokubaluleka kwimpumelelo. Kuyinzuzo kubaviwa ukuziqhelanisa nobu buchwepheshe apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayilungiselele kakuhle nayiphi na indlela iimviwo ezinokuthi ziyithathe.

Ngoku, makhe siphonononge ngakumbi ukuba itekhnoloji idityaniswe njani kwiimviwo zomlomo kwaye zeziphi izixhobo kunye nobuchule abaviwa ekufuneka bazikhumbule.

Indima yeteknoloji kwiimviwo zomlomo

Ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe kwiimviwo zomlomo kuye kwaguqula kakhulu indlela olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngayo, ukuphucula ukufikeleleka nokusebenza kakuhle. Eli candelo linika isishwankathelo senkqubela phambili yethekhinoloji ephambili kunye nefuthe lazo kwiimviwo ze-orali, kubandakanywa nendlela abaviwa ekufuneka bazilungiselele ngayo ukusebenzisana nezi teknoloji.

Izixhobo ezingundoqo zeteknoloji kwiimviwo zomlomo

• Izixhobo zenkomfa yevidiyo. Amaqonga afana neZoom, Amaqela eMicrosoft, kunye neSkype aqhele ukusetyenziswa ukwenza iimviwo zomlomo ekude, eququzelela unxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani phakathi kwabavavanyi kunye nabaviwa. Ezi zixhobo zivumela unxibelelwano olungenamthungo, ngokungathi onke amaqela akwigumbi elinye, ngaloo ndlela kulondolozwa imfezeko yoviwo kunye nobume bokusebenzisana.
• Isoftware yokuqaphela intetho. Izixhobo ezifana Uvavanyo lwePearson's Versant zisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya indlela yokubiza amagama, ukuqhabalaka, kunye negrama ngexesha lokwenyani. Ezi teknoloji zibaluleke kakhulu kwiimviwo zobuchule bolwimi, ukuvavanya ukukwazi komviwa ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngokuzenzekela nangokuchanekileyo.
• Iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezizenzekelayo. Iinkqubo ezifana neProctorU ziqinisekisa intembeko yeemviwo ezikude ngokubeka iliso nge-webcam feeds kunye nokufumanisa ukunganyaniseki okunokwenzeka kwezemfundo. Ngokomzekelo, iProctorU, isebenzisa iindlela ezizisebenzelayo kunye nezabantu zokulawula iimviwo, ukujonga ukuziphatha okukrokrisayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yeemviwo. Oku kubalulekile ekugcineni ubulungisa kunye nokuthembeka.
• Iingxelo kunye nezixhobo zokuhlalutya. Uhlalutyo lwe-post-exam, olufana nolo lubonelelwe yi-software ye-“TOEFL Practice Online” (TPO), lunika ingxelo eneenkcukacha ngomsebenzi womviwa. Le software ilinganisa imeko-bume yovavanyo kwaye inikezela ngengxelo ebanzi, iqaqambisa iindawo ezifana noluhlu lwesigama, ukuchaneka kwegrama, kunye nobuciko. Iimbono ezinjalo zibalulekile kubaviwa ukuba baqonde amandla abo kunye nemimandla yokuphucula.
• Inyani eyinyani (VR) kunye nenyani eyandisiweyo (AR). Ubugcisa obuvelayo obufana ne-VR kunye ne-AR zenza iimeko-bume zokwenyani zamava eemviwo antywilayo ngakumbi. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lolwimi lunokusebenzisa i-VR ukubeka umgqatswa kwimarike ebonakalayo apho kufuneka banxibelelane nabathengisi, bevavanya izakhono zabo zolwimi olusebenzayo kwisimo esiguqukayo nesiyinyani.

Ukulungiselela iimviwo ezongeziweyo zobugcisa

• Ukuqhelana neteknoloji. Abaviwa kufuneka bachithe ixesha beqhelana nezixhobo zobuchwepheshe eziya kusetyenziswa ngexesha leemviwo zabo zomlomo. Umzekelo, amaqonga afana neZoom abonelela ngezifundo ezibanzi kunye nokukhetha abasebenzisi ukujoyina intlanganiso yovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iisetingi ziqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo. La mathuba okuziqhelanisa alungele ukuqhelaniswa neempawu zeqonga ngaphambi kosuku loviwo, ukunceda abaviwa baqonde indlela ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba bakhululekile kujongano lomsebenzisi kunye nokusebenza.
• Ziqhelise iiseshoni. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimviwo practice usebenzisa isoftware ethile okanye izixhobo kubaluleke kakhulu. Oku kunceda abaviwa baziqhelanise neentlobo zemibuzo abaya kuyibona nendlela eboniswa ngayo ngobu buchwepheshe. Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo kunokuthoba kakhulu ixhala kwaye uqinisekise ukuba abaviwa baziva bekhululekile ngetekhnoloji.
• Ukuhlolwa kobugcisa. Ukuqhuba iitshekhi zobugcisa phambi koviwo kubalulekile. Qinisekisa zonke izixhobo kunye nesoftware isebenza ngokuchanekileyo, kubandakanywa uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi, igalelo lesandi, iziphumo, kunye nazo naziphi na iisetingi ezithile zesoftware okanye iimfuno. La malungiselelo anceda ukukhusela imiba yobugcisa ngexesha loviwo.
• Funa uncedo. Ukuba abaviwa abaqinisekanga ngendlela yokusebenzisa le teknoloji, mabafune uncedo kubahlohli okanye kwiikomiti zokunika inkxaso kwezobuchwephesha ezibonelelwa liqumrhu leemviwo. Ukuthatha inyathelo ekujonganeni neenkxalabo zobugcisa kunokunceda ukuphepha iingxaki ngomhla weemviwo.

Ngokudibanisa ezi zicwangciso kumalungiselelo abo, abaviwa banokuqinisekisa ukuba bakulungele ukuphendula imibuzo ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhululeka kubuchwephesha obudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiimviwo zomlomo zanamhlanje. Olu lungiselelo luyimfuneko ekwandiseni ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo oluhambelana nokujongana kwezobuchwepheshe.

Iingcebiso zeemviwo zomlomo zempumelelo

Emva kokuphonononga indima yetekhnoloji kwiimviwo zomlomo kunye nendlela yokulungiselela itekhnoloji-yokungqongileyo okwandisiweyo, kubalulekile ukugxila ekuphuculeni ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwakho ngexesha leemviwo ngokwazo. Iimviwo zomlomo zinokuba ngumthombo obalulekileyo wonxunguphalo kodwa zikwanika ithuba elihle lokubonisa ulwazi lwakho kunye nezakhono zonxibelelwano. Ukugqwesa, kubalulekile ukuba ulungiselele kakuhle ngokobuchwephesha kwaye ube nesakhono sokuzisa ulwazi lwakho ngokuzithemba:

• Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili. Qala ukulungiselela kwangethuba. Zibandakanye ngenkuthalo kwimisebenzi yeklasi, gqibezela izabelo ngexesha, kwaye uzintywilisele kulwimi ngeencwadi, iimuvi, kunye neencoko noontanga. Gcina amakhadi e-cue anamabinzana aphambili kunye nesigama siluncedo ukulungiselela uhlaziyo lomzuzu wokugqibela.
• Ukufuna ukhokelo. Qhagamshelana nabahlohli ukufumana iingcebiso malunga nokulungiselela uviwo lomlomo. Banokunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwaye banokukuvumela ukuba usebenzise izixhobo ezixhasayo ezifana namakhadi e-cue ngexesha loviwo.
• Ukulawula ixhala. Sebenzisa iindlela zokuphumla ezinje ngokuphefumla nzulu okanye ukucamngca njenge-Headspace ixesha elifutshane, umthambo wokuzola. Ukulawula uxinzelelo ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekugcineni ukucaca kweengcinga ngexesha loviwo.
• Ukuzithemba kweprojekthi. Ukuzithemba kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwakho. Ziqhelise ukuma ngobude, ujonge emehlweni, nokuthetha ngokucacileyo ukuze ubonise ukuzithemba, kwanokuba uziva usoyika.
• Ukuthetha ngabom. Thatha ixesha lokuqulunqa iimpendulo zakho ngononophelo. Thetha ngokucacileyo nangesantya esiphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpendulo zakho ziqondwa kakuhle. Kuphephe ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza njengoko kunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo.
• Zibandakanye ngokupheleleyo. Phendula imibuzo ngeempendulo ezineenkcukacha. Chaza ukubonisa ukuqonda okunzulu kwesihloko. Ukuba awuwuqondi umbuzo, ungalibazisi ukucela ingcaciso.
• Yiba nomfanekiso ngqondweni wempumelelo. Sebenzisa ubuchule bokubonwayo ukuphucula ukuzithemba kwakho kunye nokusebenza. Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wakho uphumelele kuviwo ukomeleza ukulungela kwakho ingqondo.
• Eyona ndlela. Khumbula, ukuba uviwo yinkalo nje enye yohambo lwakho lwemfundo okanye lobungcali. Ayizukuchaza ikamva lakho lonke. Kuya kubakho amanye amathuba okubonisa izakhono zakho.

Emva kokuphonononga amacebo okuphumelela kwiimviwo zomlomo, kubandakanywa nokulungiselela ubugcisa kunye nobuqu, ngoku sitshintshela ingqalelo yethu kwiindidi zemibuzo onokuthi udibane nayo, ehlelwa ngokwenqanaba lobuchule bolwimi. Eli candelo lijolise ekucaciseni iintlobo zemibuzo eqhelekileyo kwinqanaba ngalinye, likunceda ukuba uqikelele kwaye ulungiselele imingeni onokujamelana nayo ngexesha loviwo lwakho lomlomo.

Imibuzo yeemviwo yomlomo esekelwe kubuchule bolwimi

Ukuqonda iintlobo zemibuzo onokuthi ujongane nayo ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lakho lobuchule kunokukunceda ulungiselele ngakumbi imingeni yoviwo lomlomo. Nalu ucazululo lwemibuzo eqhelekileyo ebuzwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngokwesakhelo seCEFR:

Inqanaba le-A1 - abaqalayo

Kweli nqanaba, imibuzo ithe ngqo kwaye yenzelwe ukuvavanya izakhono zolwimi ezisisiseko. Unokubuzwa malunga:

• Ulwazi lomntu siqu (umzekelo, “Uhlala phi?”)
• Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (umz., “Utya ntoni isidlo sakusasa?”)
• Iingcaciso ezilula (umz., “Sijongeka njani isikolo sakho?”)

Inqanaba le-B2 - eliphakathi eliphezulu

Njengoko ubuchule bakho busanda, ngokunjalo nobunzima bemibuzo. Kweli nqanaba, lindela imibuzo efuna ukuba:

• Xoxa ngezimvo ezingavakaliyo (umzekelo, “Ziziphi iingenelo zokufunda kwi-Intanethi?”)
• Yabelana ngezimvo (umz., “Ucinga ukuba zisebenza kangakanani izithuthi zikawonke-wonke kwisixeko sakho?”)
• Chaza amava (umz., “Ndixelele ngohambo lwamva nje oluthathileyo.”)

Inqanaba leC2 - linobuchule

Kumanqanaba aphezulu, imibuzo ifuna ukuqonda okunzulu kunye nobuchule bokuchaza iingcinga ezintsonkothileyo. Imibuzo inokubandakanya:

• Ukuhlalutya imiba yehlabathi (umzekelo, “Zintoni iimpembelelo zokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kuqoqosho lwasekhaya?”)
• Ukuphonononga iimeko (umzekelo, "Xoxa ngezinto ezilungileyo kunye nezibi zomsebenzi okude.")
• Ukuvakalisa izimvo ezineenkcukacha kwimixholo entsonkothileyo (umzekelo, “Indlela inkqubela phambili yeteknoloji yale mihla ibuchaphazela njani ubungasese bomntu?”)

Kwinqanaba ngalinye, kufuneka kugxininiswe ekuqondeni iintlobo zemibuzo kunye nokulungiselela iimpendulo ezibonisa isakhono sakho solwimi ngokufanelekileyo. Esikhundleni sokukhumbula iimpendulo ezithile, gxininisa ekuphuhliseni izakhono zolwimi eziguquguqukayo ezikuvumela ukuba ugubungele izihloko ezahlukeneyo kwaye uphendule ngokuzithemba imibuzo engalindelekanga.

Amabinzana abalulekileyo kwiimviwo zomlomo

Emva kokuphonononga imibuzo ephambili kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo obuchule, kubalulekile ukunika amabinzana alungelelanisiweyo aphucula intsebenziswano kwaye abonise ubuchule bolwimi. Eli candelo libandakanya imizekelo ekhethwe ngokukodwa kwinqanaba le-CEFR ngalinye, elilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana nezakhono ezilindelekileyo kwinqanaba ngalinye lobuchule. Ukongeza, sibonelela ngeemeko eziqhelekileyo apho la mabinzana anokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, ukunceda abafundi baqhube iimviwo zabo zomlomo ngempumelelo ngakumbi.

A1 ukuya ku-A2 (umsebenzisi osisiseko)

• Ukuzazisa. “Molo, igama lam [igama lakho], kwaye ndingowase [lizweni]. Ndiyafunda [umbandela].”
• Ukubuza imibuzo elula. “Lithetha ukuthini [igama]?”
• Ukwenza intetho elula. "Ndiyawuthanda [umsebenzi] kuba uyonwabisa."

Umzekelo wemeko:

• Mvavanyi: "Yeyiphi into oyithandayo?"
• Umfundi: "Ndiyakuthanda ukufunda kuba kuyaphumla kwaye kuyanika umdla."

I-B1 ukuya kwi-B2 (umsebenzisi ozimeleyo)

• Ukuvakalisa izimvo. "Ngokwam, ndiyakholelwa ukuba [isihloko] sibalulekile kuba ..."
• Ukufuna iingcaciso. “Unganceda uchaze ukuba uthetha ukuthini [ngegama]?”
• Ukuchaza amava. “Kutsha nje, ndifumene…”

Umzekelo wemeko:

• Umvavanyi: "Ucinga ukuba ukufunda kwi-Intanethi kuyasebenza?"
• Umfundi: "Ngokokubona kwam, ukufunda kwi-intanethi kusebenza kakuhle kuba kuvumela ukuba ube bhetyebhetye kunye nokufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo."

I-C1 ukuya kwi-C2 (Umsebenzisi onobuchule)

• Ukuhlalutya imiba. "Eyona nto ixhalabisayo [ngesihloko] ibandakanya ..."
• Ukuqikelela iziphumo. "Ukuba [isenzo] senzeka, sinokukhokelela ku..."
• Iingcaciso eziphucukileyo. “Ndinomdla wokuphanda ngakumbi [kwisihloko esintsonkothileyo]; ungayandisa inqaku lakho langaphambili?"

Umzekelo wemeko:

• Umvavanyi: "Ziziphi iimpembelelo zokufudumala kwehlabathi?"
• Umfundi: “Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunempembelelo enkulu, ngakumbi kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphilayo. Ngokomzekelo, kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwendawo yokuhlala, nto leyo ebeka isongelo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngaba singaxoxa ngempembelelo kwizinto zaselwandle ngokuthe ngqo?”

Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zokusebenzisa la mabinzana

• Ziqhelanise bhetyebhetye. Ngelixa la mabinzana abonelela ngesakhiwo, alungelelanise ngokusekelwe ekuhambeni kwencoko kunye nemibuzo ethile ebuziweyo.
• Kuphephe ukunkqaya. Gxininisa ekuqondeni umsebenzi webinzana ngalinye kunokunkqaya igama negama. Le ndlela inceda ekuzisebenziseni ngamandla ngexesha loviwo lomlomo olululo.
• Ziqhelise ngokusengqiqweni. Sebenzisa la mabinzana kwiimviwo zokuziqhelanisa okanye iiseshoni kunye noontanga okanye abacebisi. Olu qheliselo luya kunceda ukuqinisa ukukwazi kwakho ukuzisebenzisa ngokwemvelo nangempumelelo.

Ukuqonda la mabinzana abalulekileyo kunye nokuqonda ukuba usetyenziswa nini kwaye njani kuya kuphucula kakhulu ubuchule bakho bokunxibelelana kwiimviwo zomlomo. Ngokuziqhelanisa nala mabinzana kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, uya kulungela ngcono ukujongana nobunzima bonxibelelwano lobomi bokwenyani, uqinisekise ukuba unokuphendula ngokuzithemba nangokucacileyo phantsi kweemeko zeemviwo.

Ukucingisisa emva koviwo kunye nokuphucula

Inkqubo yokufunda iyaqhubeka nasemva kokugqiba iimviwo zomlomo. Ukucinga ngamava kunye nokusebenzisa ingxelo efunyenweyo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwexesha elizayo. Eli candelo lokugqibela lichaza amanyathelo okuhlalutya ngempumelelo umsebenzi wakho weemviwo kunye nokusebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenweyo ukuphucula.

Ukucinga ngamava eemviwo

Qwalasela into ehambe kakuhle kwaye yintoni enokuphuculwa:

• Iindawo zokuthuthuzela. Chonga iindawo zoviwo eziziva zikhululekile.
• mngeni. Chaza imibuzo okanye amacandelo ebenzima.
• uqhagamshelwano. Vavanya ukuba unxibelelane njani ngempumelelo neempendulo zakho.
• Iimangalelo. Qaphela naluphi na ucelomngeni olungalindelekanga.

Ukuphatha ingxelo ngendlela eyakhayo

Ingxelo evela kubavavanyi ixabiseke kakhulu ekuphuculeni:

• Phulaphula ngenyameko. Nika ingqwalasela enkulu ngalo naluphi na uphononongo lwasemva koviwo okanye xa ufumana iziphumo ezihleliweyo.
• Cela ingcaciso. Funa iinkcazo ezineenkcukacha ukuba impendulo ayicacanga.
• Hlala ulungile. Jonga ingxelo nganye njengethuba lokuphucula.

Ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokuphucula

Yenza isicwangciso sokulungisa iindawo ezifuna ukuphuculwa:

• Izakhono ezithile. Gxininisa ukuziqhelanisa kwiindawo ebeziyingxaki ngexesha loviwo.
• Ubuchule bolwimi. Kwiimviwo zolwimi, uqheliselo olongezelelweyo lunokufuneka kwimiba ethile yolwimi njengesigama okanye igrama.
• Uxinzelelo lweengxaki. Ukuba ukuxhalaba kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwakho, sebenzisa ubuchule bokwakha ukuzithemba.

Ukusebenzisa ukucamngca kuvavanyo lwexesha elizayo

Ukucamngca rhoqo kunokuphuhlisa indlela esebenzayo yokufunda kunye namalungiselelo eemviwo:

• Uphuculo oluqhubekayo. Gcina isimo sengqondo esibukhali malunga nemfundo.
• Ukuseta iinjongo. Ngokusekelwe kwiingcinga zakho, misela iinjongo ezithile, ezifikelelekayo kwiindawo ezifuna ukuphuculwa. Oku kunceda ukugxila kwiinzame zakho kwaye kunika iithagethi ezicacileyo onokuzifuna.
• Ukubonakaliswa okucwangcisiweyo. Vavanya rhoqo inkqubela yakho ukuqinisekisa ukulungela imingeni yexesha elizayo.

Ngokuqwalasela ngokucwangcisiweyo kumava akho kunye nokuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi yokuphucula ekujoliswe kuyo, unokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwakho kwiimviwo zomlomo ezizayo. Le nkqubo yakha ulwazi kwaye inceda ekuphuhliseni iimpawu eziphambili ezinjengokomelela kunye nokuguquguquka, eziyimfuneko kwimpumelelo yezemfundo kunye nobungcali.

isiphelo

Esi sikhokelo sigxininisa ukuba ukugqwesa kwiimviwo zomlomo kudlula nje ukwazi umbandela; ibandakanya ukwazi unxibelelwano olusebenzayo, ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji ngobuchule, kunye nokuqonda izinto ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko. Ukulungiselela okusebenzayo kufuna ukuziqhelanisa nenyani kwaye ucamngce ngamava ngamnye ukuze uqhubeke uphucula izakhono zakho. Njengoko usulungekisa indlela oqhuba ngayo kwezi mviwo, awuloli nje izakhono zakho zokucinga ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphendula kodwa ukwaphuhlisa izakhono ezixabisekileyo kwizifundo nakwimimandla yobuchwephesha. Zonke iimviwo zomlomo zinika ithuba lokukhulisa amabakala akho kwaye ukhulise ukuzithemba kwakho ekuchazeni. Qhubeka uzabalazela ukugqwesa, kwaye uviwo ngalunye malube linyathelo lokusebenzisa ubugcisa bonxibelelwano olucacileyo.