Ukuhlaziya imibhalo yolwazi ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile

Ukukhulunywa ngokuhlaziywa kombhalo ngokuvamile kusikhumbuza ukuhlolwa kwemibhalo, kugxilwe ezicini ezinjengolimi lwezithombe nezindikimba eziwumsuka. Nokho, ukubhekisisa imibhalo okungeyona eyiqiniso, njengemibhalo yolwazi, nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngisho noma le mibhalo ingase intule izingxenye zemibhalo njengezingathekiso nezimpawu, ababhali benza izinqumo ezinengqondo ezithonya incazelo nomthelela womsebenzi wabo. Ukufunda ukuhlola imibhalo yolwazi kuthuthukisa ikhono lomuntu lokufunda ngeso elibucayi.

Incazelo yombhalo wolwazi

Lapho abantu betadisha into ethile eduze, bayibheka ngokucophelela ukuze bayiqonde ngempela. Abafundi bangakwenza lokhu nganoma yini abayifundayo ukuze babone ukuthi kusho ukuthini nokuthi umbhali ukuhlanganise kanjani. Lapho bebhekisisa imibhalo enikeza ulwazi, abafundi bazama ukuqonda ukuthi kungani futhi kanjani umbhali ukunikeza lolo lwazi kumfundi.

Ukuze uthole indlela yokufunda umbhalo onikeza ulwazi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lombhalo kwasekuqaleni. Umbhalo wolwazi ungumbhalo ongelona iqiniso, njengoba igama liphakamisa, wazisa umfundi ngawo isihloko. Nazi izibonelo:

Ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke, sihlala sizibandakanya nemibhalo yolwazi, kuhlanganise nombhalo owufundayo njengamanje. Ukufunda le mibhalo eduze kudlulela ngalé kokuqonda amagama asekhasini; kubandakanya ukuhlolisisa izinhloso zombhali kanye nesakhiwo solwazi. Ngokubona ukuthi amathekisthi anemininingwane ayini kanye nokufunda ukuthi ahlaziywa kanjani, abafundi bangathuthukisa ukuqonda kwabo izifundo eziyinkimbinkimbi, baguqule ekusetshenzisweni kolwazi abangenzi lutho babe abacabangi abakhuthele, abahlolisisayo kanye nabafundi bempilo yonke.

Ukuqonda inhloso

Ukuhlaziya imibhalo yolwazi kusiza ukujula ekutheni kungani umbhali ethule ulwazi ngendlela ethile. Izinhloso zemibhalo enjalo ngokuvamile ziwela ezigabeni ezinjengokwazisa, ukujabulisa, noma ukukholisa umfundi. Ngokuhlolisisa le mibhalo, abafundi bangathola ukuqonda okujulile kwemiqondo futhi babone ukuthi imibono ehlukene ixhumene kanjani.

Lapho behlaziya umbhalo wolwazi, abafundi bangase babuze imibuzo. Lokhu kungakuqondisa ekuhlaziyeni kwakho, kuzisize ziqonde ukwakheka kombhalo, okuqukethwe, nezinjongo ezifihliwe:

• Iyini inhloso enkulu yalo mbhalo? Ingabe iwukwazisa, ukuncenga, noma ukujabulisa?
• Uyini umqondo oyinhloko noma i-thesis yombhalo?
• Obani izithameli ezihlosiwe kulo mbhalo?
• Umbhali uwusekela kanjani lo mbono oyinhloko? Yibuphi ubufakazi noma izibonelo ezinikeziwe?
• Umbhali uzisebenzisa kanjani izakhi ezifana izihloko, imifanekiso, nombhalo ogqamile ukuze uveze iphuzu?
• Ithini iphimbo noma isimo sengqondo sombhali ngale ndaba? Ingabe ingathathi hlangothi, ichema, noma enye into?
• Abafundi bangakusebenzisa ngaziphi izindlela ulwazi olutholakala kulo mbhalo?
• Ingabe umbhali usebenzisa imithombo ethembekile futhi ecaphuna yona?
• Lo mbhalo uhlobana kanjani neminye imibhalo noma imibono engiyaziyo?

Kule minyaka yolwazi, kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukusho ukuthi imithombo ehlukene yolwazi ingathenjwa yini. Ukuhlaziya imibhalo yolwazi, njengamaphephandaba noma izihloko zomagazini, kuvumela abafundi ukuba bahlaziye ngokucophelela okuqukethwe futhi bahlonze imithombo ethembekile. Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuhlaziywa imibhalo yolwazi, okusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemithombo yezindaba ethembekile kanye nolwazi olungathembekile:

aspect	Yini okufanele uyibheke	Kuyakhombisa
Ukuhlaziya imibhalo yolwazi	• Umbhali uluveza kanjani ulwazi • Yiziphi izakhi ezisetshenzisiwe • Isakhiwo solwazi	Umthombo othembekile noma ongathembekile
Imithombo yezindaba ethembekile	• Izingcezu zezindaba ezisobala, ezithembekile	Umthombo othembekile
Ayithembekile izimpawu zolwazi	• Isethulo esingenangqondo • Ukuntuleka kwemithombo ethembekile • Ayicacile futhi ayihlelekile	Ulwazi olungathembekile
Ukuchema kolwazi emibhalweni	• Izimangalo ezisekelwe emibonweni yomuntu siqu • Izitatimende ezingenabo ubufakazi	Yiba nokuqagela ngokwethembeka kombhalo

Ukuhlaziya izakhi zombhalo wolwazi nezakhiwo

Ekuhlaziyeni amathekisthi anemininingwane, abafundi kumele bagxile ezingxenyeni zokucabanga zombhali kanye nesakhiwo sombhalo jikelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthola umgomo oyinhloko, umqondo oyinhloko, ukuthi umbhalo ungobani, kanye nezibonelo noma amaqiniso asekela umbhalo.

Elements

Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlaziya umbhalo wolwazi ukukhomba nokuhlola izakhi zombhalo ezisetshenziswe umbhali ukuze ethule ulwazi kumfundi. Uhlu olulandelayo luhlanganisa izici ababhali abavame ukuzifaka emibhalweni yolwazi, kanye nezibonelo.

• Izihloko nezihlokwana. Laba bebengahlukanisa isahluko sibe izingxenye ezinjengokuthi “inhliziyo,” “imithambo yegazi,” kanye “nokugeleza kwegazi.”
• Umbhalo ogqamile noma omalukeke. Amagama angukhiye njengokuthi “umthambo wegazi” noma “umthambo” angase abhalwe ngokugqamile lapho evela okokuqala.
• Amashadi namagrafu. Ishadi lingase libonise izinhlobo ezahlukene zamangqamuzana egazi.
• Izithombe noma imidwebo. Imidwebo enemininingwane ingabonisa amagumbi enhliziyo, imithambo yegazi nemithambo.
• Amamephu. Nakuba kungenakwenzeka kulo mongo, amamephu angasetshenziswa kweminye imibhalo yolwazi ukuze abonise idatha yendawo.
• Uluhlu. Izincazelo zamagama esayensi njengokuthi “capillary” noma “plasma.”
• Index. Uhlu lwama-alfabhethi lwezihloko nalapho okuxoxwe ngakho ngaphakathi kwencwadi.
• Amathebula okuqukethwe. Uhlolojikelele lwezigaba zesahluko.
• Sinikamongo. I-recap ekupheleni kwesahluko ukusiza abafundi babuyekeze imiqondo eyinhloko.
• Imibhalo yaphansi noma izingcaphuno. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngemithombo yocwaningo noma umongo owengeziwe wabafundi abathuthukile.

Ababhali bemibhalo yolwazi bakhetha izakhi ezihlukene ukuze zivumelane nezinhloso zabo. Izibonelo ezimbalwa zethulwe ngezansi.

Isibonelo 1:

• Kumhlahlandlela wezokuvakasha, ungase ubone izingxenye ezihlukene ezibhalwe 'Amahhotela,' 'Izindawo zokudlela,' kanye 'Nezindawo ezihehayo,' ezinezithombe ezibonisa izindawo ezibalulekile. Kungase kube nohlu olunamathiphu abalulekile namamephu angakusiza ukuthi uthole indlela yakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhulogi yezokuvakasha ingase ibe nezindaba zomuntu siqu namagama amibalabala, isebenzisa izithombe ukwabelana ngohambo lothile. Ayihlelekile njengomhlahlandlela wokuvakasha.

Isibonelo 2:

• Cabangela imanuwali yomsebenzisi ye-smartphone entsha. Cishe izofaka izihloko zezigaba ezihlukene ezifana nokuthi “Ukusetha Ifoni Yakho,” “Ukusebenzisa Izinhlelo Zokusebenza,” kanye “Ukuxazulula inkinga.” Kungase futhi kube nezithombe ezibonisa ukuthi akuphi amabhathini kanye nemidwebo ebonisa indlela yokufaka i-SIM khadi. Ngokuphambene, isikhangiso sikamagazini se-smartphone efanayo singafaka kuphela isithombe esikhangayo socingo kanye namaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile okuthengisa, ngoba inhloso yaso ukukunxenxa ukuthi uthenge ifoni, hhayi ukukufundisa ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani.

Lapho uhlola imibhalo yolwazi, kufana nokuzingela umcebo. Umbhali usebenzisa izakhi ezifana nezihloko, izithombe, noma izifinyezo njengezinkomba, kanti umsebenzi womfundi ukuzitolika. Ukuqonda lezi zakhi kuvula izincazelo nemininingwane yombhalo. Kushintsha ukufunda kube uhambo lokuthola ulwazi, okucebisa ukuqonda okubhaliwe.

Structures

Izinhlobo ezihlukene zemibhalo yolwazi, njengeziqephu zendatshana zezindaba nemihlahlandlela ekufundisa okuthile, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokuhlela ulwazi ukukusiza ukuqonde kahle. Zivame ukuba nesinye salezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo, njengembangela nomphumela, inkinga nesixazululo, noma ukuhleleka okulandelanayo. Ukubona lesi sakhiwo kubalulekile ekuqondeni okuqukethwe kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda ngokujulile. Kusiza umfundi ukuba ahlaziye ulwazi, kusize kokubili ukuqonda nokusebenzelana nombhalo.

Ngezansi kunethebula elibonisa izakhiwo ezihlukene zombhalo wolwazi. Iphinde ichaze incazelo yento ngayinye, inikeze isibonelo, futhi iklelise amagama angukhiye ayinhloko asiza ukuhlonza isakhiwo senhlangano yolwazi.

Ukwakheka	Incazelo	Isibonelo	Amagama angukhiye
Imbangela nomphumela	Ibonisa ukuthi umcimbi othile uholela kanjani kwesinye	Ukubhema kuholela ezinkingeni zempilo; Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuholela ekugugulekeni	"Ngoba", "njengoba", "ngenxa yalokho", "ngenxa", "kuholela," "izimbangela", "imiphumela", "kubangele", "ngakho-ke", "ngakho-ke"
Inkinga nesixazululo	Yethula inkinga futhi inikeza izixazululo	Inkinga: Ukungcola; Isixazululo: Izinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha	"Inkinga iwukuthi", "ukukhathazeka okudingeka kubhekwe," "ukuxazulula lokhu", "isu elisebenzayo lokuxazulula lokhu"
Qhathanisa bese uqhathanisa	Igqamisa ukufana nomehluko phakathi kwezifundo	Qhathanisa amakati nezinja; Qhathanisa izinhlelo zentando yeningi nezizimele	“Ngokufanayo”, “ngokuphambene…”, “ngakolunye uhlangothi”, “kokubili… kanye…”, “ngendlela efanayo”, “ngokuqhathanisa ne”
Ukulandelana kwezikhathi	Ichaza izehlakalo ngokulandelana kwazo noma izinyathelo zenqubo	Umugqa wesikhathi womlando; Imiyalelo yeresiphi	"Okokuqala", "okulandelayo", "bese", "ekugcineni", “ekuqaleni”, “phakathi”, “ngokulandelana”, “isinyathelo ngesinyathelo”, “phakathi”, “ngemuva”, “ngaphambi”
Incazelo	Inikeza incazelo enemininingwane yesihloko	Iphrofayili yomuntu odumile; Incazelo enemininingwane yomdwebo	“Isibonelo”, “eqinisweni”, “ukuhlaziya okujulile”, “kunikeza isifinyezo se-”, “evezwe ngokuthi”
ngekwendzawo	Ichaza isihloko ngokwendawo yendawo	Umhlahlandlela wokuhamba; Ichaza ukwakheka kwegumbi	"Isakhiwo somzimba", "ichaza isakhiwo", "imephu yokukhipha", "echaza isakhiwo"
Ukwahlukanisa	Qoqa imiqondo ehlobene noma izinto ngezigaba	Ukuhlukaniswa kwezilwane; Ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezincwadi	“Izigaba zaba”, “amaqembu nge”, “zihlelwe zaba izigaba”, “izigaba zaba”, “imibandela yokuhlanganisa”, “ihlukaniswa ngokuya”

Lapho uhlaziya umbhalo wolwazi, kubalulekile futhi ukubuza abafundi imibuzo efanele, encike esakhiweni esikhethiwe:

• Imbangela nomphumela. Isiphi isigameko sokuqala noma isenzo esichazwayo? Indlela umbhalo omiswe ngayo ikusiza kanjani ukuthi uqonde ukuthi into ethile iholela kanjani kwenye?
• Inkinga nesixazululo. Isakhiwo sombhalo sinamthelela muni endleleni umfundi ayiqonda ngayo inkinga kanye nezisombululo ezingaba khona?
• Qhathanisa futhi uqhathanise. Yiziphi izihloko noma izihloko eziqhathaniswa futhi eziqhathaniswe? Isakhiwo setheksthi sibasiza ngayiphi indlela abafundi ekuqondeni umehluko nokufana phakathi kwamagama?
• Ukulandelana kwezikhathi. Yiziphi izehlakalo noma izinyathelo ezethulwa ngokulandelana kwazo? Umbhali uluveza kanjani ulwazi ukuze abafundi baqonde ukuhleleka kwabo? Yiziphi izinguquko noma amasignali asetshenziswa ukukhombisa ukulandelana kwezehlakalo?
• Incazelo. Isiphi isihloko esikhulu noma isihloko esichazwayo? Incazelo ikunikeza kanjani ukuqonda okuningiliziwe nokuphelele kwesihloko?
• Indawo. Iyiphi indawo ebonakalayo noma isikhala esichazwa embhalweni? Ukuchaza indlela izinto ezihlelwa ngayo emkhathini kubasiza kanjani abafundi ukuthi bayiqonde kangcono indawo noma indawo ezungezile? Yiziphi izici ezibalulekile noma izimpawu zendawo ezigqanyisiwe encazelweni yendawo?
• Ukwahlukanisa. Yini ehlukaniswayo noma eqoqwe embhalweni? Uhlelo lokuhlukanisa lusiza kanjani ekuhleleni nasekucaciseni ulwazi olwethuliwe?

Imibuzo ebuzwa ngabafundi mayelana nezakhiwo zamathekisthi ezehlukene inomthelela ekucatshangelweni okucabangisisa kwesihloko. Empeleni, Le ndlela yokwenza izinto ishintsha ukufunda kusukela ekubhekeni amagama nje kuye ekubeni yinto ethokozisayo nesebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiza abantu ukuthi babone futhi bathande izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlelwa kolwazi nezinto ezibalulekile abangazifunda kulo.

Ukubamba izakhiwo zombhalo kuyisihluthulelo sokufunda ngempumelelo. Ngokubona nokuqonda amaphethini angaphansi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zombhalo, uvula umnyango wokwazisa okujulile kwemininingwane nokubaluleka kwawo. Ukwenza kahle lezi zakhiwo akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukuthi uthola kanjani ulwazi kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa amakhono okucabanga okujulile, kukhuthaze indlela ephelele yokuhumusha imibhalo.

Ukuhlaziya isibonelo sombhalo wolwazi

Lesi sihloko siyisibonelo sombhalo ofundisayo. Kuyithuba elihle kakhulu lokuhlaziya isihloko, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukumuncwa kolwazi.

Funda indatshana futhi, uphawule imininingwane egqanyisiwe njengombono oyinhloko, izincazelo ezibalulekile, izakhi ezibalulekile, kanye nesakhiwo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Umqondo oyinhloko ungatholakala esigabeni sokuqala. Umbhali kungenzeka ukuthi uyifake lapho ukuze anikeze umfundi umbono osheshayo wokuthi i-athikili izoba ngani kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi banomongo wesihloko ngaphambi kokufunda okwengeziwe ngayo.

Ngemva kokufunda umbhalo, bheka ukuthi yiziphi izici ezisetshenziswe umbhali ukudlulisa ulwazi. Ungazibuza le mibuzo elandelayo: Imaphi amasu umbhali awasebenzisayo ukuze adlulisele lolu lwazi? Lezi zici zombhalo zimthonya kanjani umuntu ongajwayelene nesihloko ukuba aqonde ukwaziswa? Yini egqugquzele umbhali ukuthi akhethe lezi zici ezithile zombhalo?

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Umbhali wale ndatshana usebenzisa izihloko nezihlokwana ukwethula ulwazi ngokucacile nangokunengqondo. Izihloko zenza i-athikili ilandeleke kalula futhi ivumela abafundi ukuthi beqe izigaba ezithile uma bedinga ulwazi engxenyeni eyodwa yesihloko.
• Umbhali uphinde asebenzise izici ezinjengombhalo ogqamile noma omalukeke ukuze agqamise amagama abalulekile.
• I-athikili isebenzisa izinhlu namathebula ukunikeza umfundi ulwazi oluhlelekile, olufundeka kalula. Ukufakwa kwezakhi ezinjalo kwenza kube lula kakhulu ngomfundi ukulinganisa ulwazi kunokuhlaziya izigaba "ezomile".
• Izithombe zifakwe ku-athikili ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka kwayo futhi kwengeze umbala. Ukwengeza, lezi zithombe zikhethwa ngokukhethekile ukuze zihambisane nezilaleli eziqondiwe, kulokhu, abafundi.

Ngaphandle kokuhlola izingxenye zombhalo, qaphela ukwakheka kombhalo. Zibuze: Umbhali usisebenzisa kanjani lesi sakhiwo ukudlulisa umqondo osemqoka?

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Lesi sihloko siyindatshana echazayo. Umbhali ukhuluma ngezingxenye ezahlukene zesihloko ezigabeni ezicacile. Lokhu kusiza abafundi baqonde izinhlangothi eziningi zesihloko. Ukwazi ukuthi i-athikili ihlanganiswe kanjani kungasiza abafundi baqinisekise ukuthi baqonda zonke izihloko ezincane namaqiniso abalulekile. Isibonelo, ukuhlelwa kombhali kwezincazelo zohlobo ngalunye lwesakhiwo sombhalo kwenza inqubo ibe lula ukuze umfundi aqinisekise ukuqonda kwabo kwefomu ngalinye eliyingqayizivele.

Ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho okuhlaziya umbhalo ngeplatifomu yethu

Ngaphezu kokuzijwayeza ukuhlaziya umbhalo, inkundla yethu inikezela ngezinsizakalo ezikhethekile zokuthuthukisa amakhono akho kanye nekhwalithi yomsebenzi wakho obhaliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, yethu isevisi yokufunda kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imibhalo yakho yezemfundo noma yobungcweti icacile, ayinaphutha, futhi idlulise imibono yakho ngempumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, advanced yethu ukuhlola ukukopa amathuluzi anikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuzethemba, esiqinisekisa ubuqiniso nobuqotho bomsebenzi wakho. Lezi zinsizakalo zibaluleke kakhulu kubafundi, abacwaningi, nababhali abafuna ukuphumelela ekubhaleni kwabo.

Isiphetho

Ukuqala uhambo lokuhlaziya imibhalo yolwazi akukhona nje ukuthuthukisa ikhono lakho lokufunda; Kumayelana nokuvula umnyango wezwe eligcwele ulwazi nokuqonda. Njengoba uhlola le mibhalo ngokujule kakhudlwana, ufunda ukuthi ungayithola kanjani indlela yakho ngokuzethemba nangokucophelela emininingwaneni eminingi ekhona. Lolu hambo luguqula umsebenzi wansuku zonke wokufunda ube uhambo olucebisayo, oluvusa uthando lwempilo yonke lokuthola nokuqonda. Akukhona nje ukufunda ukufunda kangcono—ukufunda ukuqonda umhlaba wethu ngokujulile, umbhalo owodwa ngesikhathi.