Ukubhala kwezemfundo: Izinkombandlela namaphutha okufanele uwagweme abafundi

Noma ngabe uyisifundiswa esinesifiso sokuvelela, ungumfundi osebenza kuthesis yakho, noma umane nje ungumuntu oqondisa amazinga ahlukene ezabelo zesfundiswa, ukuqonda izici ezihlukahlukene zokubhala kwezemfundo kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele. Kusukela kuyo kanye incazelo nezinhlobo kuye kokwenziwa nokungamelwe ukwenze, lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlose ukwenza inkimbinkimbi yokubhala kwezemfundo.

Gxila ukuze ufunde mayelana nethoni esemthethweni nengathathi hlangothi, ukucaca, ukwakheka, kanye nokutholakala okuhlukanisa iphrozi yezemfundo kwezinye izinhlobo zokubhala. Futhi, thola ukuthi yini ukubhala kwezemfundo okungesikho, futhi uhlole amathuluzi abalulekile angakusiza ukuba ube umbhali wezemfundo onekhono.

Incazelo yokubhala kwezemfundo

Ukubhala kwezemfundo kuyindlela yokubhala esemthethweni esetshenziswa ezindaweni zemfundo kanye nokushicilelwe kwezazi. Uzothola ezihlokweni kumajenali ezemfundo nasezincwadini zezazi, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi usebenzise lesi sitayela ezindabeni zakho, emaphepheni ocwaningo, nasezindabeni zocwaningo.

Nakuba ukubhala kwezemfundo kulandela inqubo yokubhala evamile njengezinye izinhlobo zombhalo, kunamathela ezinkambisweni ezithile zokuqukethwe, ukuhlela, nezici zesitayela. Uhlu olulandelayo luveza izici ezichaza ukubhala kwezemfundo kanye nezici ngokuvamile ezingabhekwa njengezifanelekile kulokho kubhala.

Izinhlobo zokubhala ezifundweni

Ukuphumelela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokubhala kwezemfundo kuyikhono elibalulekile kunoma ubani ohileleke emisebenzini yezifundo. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izinhlobo ezibalulekile zemisebenzi yokubhala okungenzeka uhlangane nayo esimisweni sezemfundo. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinjongo zalo ezihlukile nemihlahlandlela ethize ehluka ngokuya ngesiyalo semfundo. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba ezihlukene kubalulekile ukuthi izinhloso zakho ziwukuqeda ngempumelelo idigri yakho, ukufaka isicelo esikoleni sokuphothula, noma ukulandela umsebenzi wezemfundo.

Uhlobo lombhalo wezemfundo	Incazelo
I-Essay	Impikiswano emfushane, ezimele evamise ukusebenzisa izinto zesifundo ukuphendula umbuzo obuzwe uthisha.
Dissertation/Thesis	Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuphetha wocwaningo ophothulwe ekupheleni kohlelo lweziqu uvame ukugxila esihlokweni se-dissertation esikhethwe umfundi.
Ukubuyekeza incwadi	Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezifundo ezikhona ngesihloko ngokuvamile kulungiselelwa ukuqondisa indlela yokusebenza yephrojekthi yocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo.
Iphepha locwaningo	Uphenyo oluningiliziwe lwenziwa ngocwaningo oluzimele, oluvame ukugxila embuzweni okhethwe ngumfundi.
Isiphakamiso socwaningo	Ipulani yokuqala ye-dissertation noma iphrojekthi yocwaningo, echaza isihloko esingaba khona kanye nokuzijwayeza.
Umbhalo webhayibheli ongaziwa	Iqoqo lezinkomba ezikhonjiwe, ngayinye ehanjelwa isifinyezo esifushane noma ukuhlola.
Umbiko welebhu	Umbiko onemininingwane yezinjongo, izinqubo, okutholiwe, neziphetho zocwaningo lokuhlola.

Imikhakha eyahlukene inokubaluleka okuhlukile uma kuziwa ekubhaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, emlandweni, kungase kugcizelelwe ekusekeleni impikiswano ngemithombo eyinhloko, kuyilapho esifundweni sebhizinisi, ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwemibono kungase kugcizelelwe. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi uyini umkhakha, ukubhala kwezemfundo kuhlose ukuxhumana ngolwazi ngokucacile nangempumelelo.

Ukuthi inhloso yakho ukuphasa iziqu zakho, faka isicelo sokuphothula esikoleni, noma ukwakha umsebenzi wezemfundo, ukubhala okuphumelelayo kuyikhono elibalulekile.

Kuyini ukubhala kwezemfundo?

Ukufunda ubuciko bokubhala kwezemfundo kuyikhono elibalulekile kubafundi, abacwaningi, kanye nezingcweti, njengoba lisebenza njengesango lokukhiqiza umsebenzi wokufunda osezingeni eliphezulu nokusebenzelana ngempumelelo nomphakathi wezemfundo.

Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizocubungula izici ezibalulekile ezichaza ukubhala okuphumelelayo kwezemfundo, kusukela ekucaciseni nasekunembeni kuye ekutholeni nasekucaphuneni amazinga, sinikeze isiqondiso nezibonelo zokuthuthukisa amakhono akho.

Icacile futhi inembile

Gwema ukusebenzisa ulimi lokuvivinya njengokuthi “mhlawumbe” noma “kungenzeka,” njengoba kungase kuthuntubeze amandla ezimpikiswano zakho. Zinike isikhathi sokubhekisisa amagama akho akhethiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi adlulisela umyalezo wakho owuhlosile ngokunembayo nangokungaguquki.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Idatha ingase ibonise ukuthi...
• Imininingwane ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi…

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ulimi olucacile noluqondile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umfundi wakho wazi kahle ukuthi usho ukuthini. Lokhu kusho ukucacisa ngangokunokwenzeka nokugwema ulimi olungacacile:

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Lesi sihloko sizuze isithakazelo isikhathi eside.
• Lesi sihloko bekugxilwe kuso isikhathi esingaphezu kweshumi leminyaka.

Amagama obuchwepheshe ngokuvamile ayisici sokubhala kwezemfundo, okuvamise ukuhloselwe izethameli ezikhethekile ezinolwazi oluningi endabeni.

Kodwa-ke, lolu limi olukhethekile kufanele lusebenze ukuthuthukisa ukucaca nokunemba kokubhala kwakho, hhayi ukwenza kube nzima. Sebenzisa igama lobuchwepheshe uma:

• Iveza umbono ngokufingqiwe nangokucacile kunegama elijwayelekile.
• Ulindele ukuthi izethameli zakho eziqondisiwe ziqeqeshwe ngethemu.
• Leli gama lijabulela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi phakathi kwabacwaningi endaweni yakho ethile yokufunda.

Ukuze ujwayelane namagama athile asetshenziswa emkhakheni wakho, kuyazuzisa ukufunda izindatshana zezazi futhi uqaphele ulimi olusetshenziswa ochwepheshe.

Okuhlelekile nokungachemi

Inhloso yokubhala kwezemfundo ukuhlinzeka ngohlaka oluhlelekile lokwabelana ngolwazi nezimpikiswano ngendlela engathathi hlangothi futhi esekelwe ebufakazini. Lokhu kuhilela izimiso ezintathu ezibalulekile:

• Ukusekelwa okunobufakazi. Izimpikiswano kufanele zisekelwe idatha enobufakazi, iqhelelene nezinkolelo zombhali.
• Izinhloso. Kokubili ucwaningo lwakho kanye nomsebenzi wezinye izifundiswa kufanele kwethulwe ngendlela efanele futhi enembile.
• Ukungaguquguquki okusemthethweni. Iphimbo elisemthethweni nesitayela kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngokufana kukho konke okushicilelwe, okwenza kube lula ukuqhathanisa nokuhlola amaphrojekthi ocwaningo ahlukene.

Ngokunamathela kule migomo, ukubhala kwezemfundo kuhlose ukugcina ubuqotho nokusebenza kwayo. Kubalulekile ukucaca ngendlela yocwaningo lwakho futhi ukhumbule noma yimiphi imikhawulo isifundo sakho esingaba nayo.

Ngenxa yalokhu kugxila ekuvumelaneni okusemthethweni, ulimi olukhethayo ludlala indima ebalulekile. Ukugwema izinkulumo ezingakahleleki, njenge-slang, ukufinyela, nemishwana yansuku zonke kubalulekile.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Idatha iwuhlobo oludwetshiwe futhi ayisitsheli okuningi.
• Idatha ibonakala ingaphelele futhi inikeza imininingwane elinganiselwe.

Igxilile futhi yakheke kahle

Iphepha lezazi lidlulela ngale kokuba iqoqo elilula lemibono; kufanele ibe nenjongo ethile. Qala ngokulungiselela umbuzo ofanele wocwaningo noma isitatimende sethisisi esizohola impikiswano egxilile. Qiniseka ukuthi lonke ucezu lolwazi lunomthelela kulo mgomo oyinhloko.

Nazi izinto ezibalulekile zesakhiwo:

• Isakhiwo jikelele. Hlala uhlanganisa i isingeniso futhi isiphetho. Ukuze uthole amaphepha amade, hlukanisa okuqukethwe kwakho kube izahluko noma izigatshana, ngasinye sinesihloko esicacile. Hlela ulwazi lwakho ngokugeleza okunengqondo.
• Isakhiwo sendima. Qala isigaba esisha lapho wethula umqondo omusha. Isigaba ngasinye kufanele siqale ngomusho wesihloko oveza umqondo waso oyinhloko, futhi kube nokushintshana okushelelayo phakathi kwezigaba. Nikeza isigaba ngasinye esisebenzela iphuzu lakho eliyinhloko noma umbuzo wocwaningo.
• Isakhiwo somusho. Sebenzisa amagama axhumanisayo ukukhombisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwemicabango ehlukene ngaphakathi naphakathi kwemisho. Namathela ezimisweni zokubhala ezifanele ukuze ugweme izingcezu zemisho noma ama-run-on. Sebenzisa ingxube yobude nezakhiwo zemisho ukuze ufundeke kangcono.

Ngokugxila kulezi zakhi zesakhiwo uthuthukisa ukufundeka nomthelela wephepha lakho lezemfundo. Le mihlahlandlela iyisihluthulelo sokubhala ngempumelelo kwezazi.

Ilungile futhi iyaguquguquka

Ngaphezu kokunamathela emithethweni yohlelo, izimpawu zokubhala, neziqondiso zengcaphuno, ukugcina izindinganiso zesitayela ezingaguquki kubalulekile. La mazinga aqukethe:

• Izinombolo zokubhala
• Ukusebenzisa izifinyezo
• Ukukhetha inkathi yesenzo esifanele
• Ukubhala ngofeleba amagama nezihloko
• Isipelingi nezimpawu zokuloba ze-UK kanye nesiNgisi sase-US
• Ukufometha amathebula nezibalo
• Ukucaphuna izithombe noma amavidiyo
• Ukusebenzisa amaphoyinti echashazi noma izinombolo

Ngisho noma kunendlela engaphezu kweyodwa efanele yokwenza okuthile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukungaguquguquki. Njalo ncamashi ukuhlolwa kokubukwa umsebenzi wakho ngaphambi kokuthumela. Uma ukuhlola amaphutha kungeyona isudi yakho eqinile, izinsizakalo ezifana nochwepheshe bethu ukuhlola ukuhlola noma ukuhlola uhlelo lolimi angakusiza.

Kutholwe kahle

Ekubhaleni kwezemfundo, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yangaphandle kusiza ukuqinisekisa izimangalo nokwethula impikiswano egcwele. Le mithombo ayihlanganisi imibhalo kuphela kodwa nezinye izinhlobo zemidiya njengezithombe noma amafilimu. Lapho kusetshenziswa le mithombo, ukwethembeka nokuhlonipheka kwayo esimeni semfundo kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa kufanele siwenze kanjani lo msebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi? Ngezansi ithebula elenza amaphuzu abalulekile abe lula:

Imiqondo eyisihluthulelo	incazelo	Izibonelo	Amathuluzi anconyiwe
Izinhlobo zomthombo	Imibhalo noma imidiya esetshenziselwa ubufakazi nokuhlaziya	Izihloko zezazi, amafilimu	Imitapo yolwazi yezifundo, imitapo yolwazi yamanyuvesi
Ukuthembeka	Yeka ukuthi umthombo uthembekile futhi unembe kangakanani	Ama-athikili abuyekezwa ngontanga	-
Izidingo zokucaphuna	Vuma izingcaphuno noma amazwi athile	Embhalweni, uhlu lwereferensi	Amajeneretha wokucaphuna
Izitayela zokubiza	Amasethi we imithetho yokucaphuna	APA, MLA, Chicago	Izinkomba zesitayela
Ukuvimbela ukukopa	Gwema ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wabanye ngaphandle kokucaphuna	-	Isihloli sokukopela

Ngemva kokukhetha ngokucophelela imithombo yakho futhi uyicaphune ngendlela efanele, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ngokungaguquki isitayela sokucaphuna esidingwa isikhungo sakho noma inkambu. Ukwehluleka ukwenza lokho kungaholela ekukhokhisweni kwe ukubekezela, okuyicala elibi ngokwezemfundo. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afana abahloli bokukopa ingakusiza ukuthi uvikele ubuqotho bomsebenzi wakho ngaphambi kokuwuthumela.

Yini okungekona ukubhala kwezemfundo?

Ngaphambi kokungena ezintweni ezithile ezivame ukugwema ekubhaleni kwezemfundo, kubalulekile ukuqonda inhloso eyinhloko yalolu hlobo lokubhala. Ukubhala kwezemfundo kuhlose ukwethula ucwaningo nezimpikiswano ngendlela ecacile nehlelekile. Ilandela imihlahlandlela ethile yokugcina izinga lokusemthethweni kanye nenjongo. Ngalokho engqondweni, kunezindlela nezindlela zesitayela ezimbalwa ngokuvamile ezingafaneleki ezimweni zemfundo.

Personal

Ezimweni eziningi, ukubhala kwezemfundo kuhloswe ukugcina iphimbo elingelona ubuntu, kugxilwe kakhulu ocwaningweni nasebufakazini kunemibono yombhali yomuntu siqu noma ulwazi lwakhe. Nakuba kungase kube nezimo lapho ulwazi olumayelana nombhali lufakwe khona—njengakukwazisa noma ukucabanga komuntu siqu—ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko kufanele kube kusihloko ngokwaso.

Isabizwana somuntu wokuqala esithi “Mina” sasivame ukugwenywa ekubhaleni kwezemfundo kodwa sesamukelwe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Uma ungaqiniseki ngokuqasha umuntu wokuqala, kungcono ukubonana neziqondiso ngaphakathi kwensimu yakho noma ufune iseluleko kuprofesa wakho.

Uma ufaka izinkomba zomuntu siqu, qinisekisa ukuthi zifeza injongo ephusile. Isibonelo, ungacacisa indima yakho enqubweni yocwaningo kodwa ugweme ukufaka imibono noma imizwa yakho ngokukhululekile.

Ngokwesibonelo:

Ekubhaleni kwezemfundo, kuyanconywa ukuthi ugweme ukusebenzisa isabizwana somuntu wesibili “wena” lapho wenza izitatimende ezijwayelekile. Khetha isabizwana esingathathi hlangothi "eyodwa" noma beka kabusha umusho ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ikheli eliqondile.

Isibonelo:

• Uma ubhema, ubeka impilo yakho engozini.
• Uma umuntu ebhema, ubeka impilo yakhe engozini.
• Ukubhema kubangela izingozi zempilo.

Okuvusa imizwa nokukhulu

Ukubhala kwezemfundo kuyahluka kakhulu ezindleleni zemibhalo, zobuntatheli, noma zokukhangisa. Nakuba ukuthonya kusewumgomo, izindlela ezisetshenziswa esimweni sezemfundo zihlukile. Ikakhulukazi, ukubhala kwezemfundo kugwema ukukhanga okungokomzwelo kanye nezitatimende ezeqisayo.

Nakuba ungase ubhale ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu kuwe, umgomo wokubhala kwezemfundo uwukwabelana ngolwazi, imibono, nezimpikiswano ngendlela ecacile nenenjongo, kunokuba uveze ukusabela okungokomzwelo. Gwema ulimi oluthinta imizwa noma imibono.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Lesi sigameko esibi besiwukwehluleka okukhulu kwenqubomgomo yezempilo yomphakathi.
• Lesi sigameko sibe nenani eliphezulu kakhulu lokugula nokufa, okukhombisa ukushiyeka okukhulu kwenqubomgomo yezempilo yomphakathi.

Abafundi bavame ukuzizwa bephoqelekile ukuba basekele izimpikiswano zabo ngezitatimende eziphakeme noma ngolimi olukhazimulayo. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuncika emaphuzwini aphathekayo, asekelwe ebufakazini kunokuba ugcwalise udaba lwakho ngokweqile.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Akungabazeki ukuthi uShakespeare ungumuntu ogqame kakhulu kuzo zonke izincwadi, obumba yonke inkambo yokuxoxwa kwezindaba yaseNtshonalanga.
• UShakespeare ungumuntu onethonya elikhulu ezincwadini zesiNgisi futhi ube nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwedrama nokuxoxa izindaba.

Enomoya omude

Abafundi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukubhala kwabo kumele kube yinkimbinkimbi futhi kube nezwi ukuze kuthathwe njengemfundo. Nokho, lokhu akukhuthazwa; hlose ukucaca kanye nokufingqa esikhundleni salokho.

Uma igama elilula noma ibinzana lingathatha indawo yeliyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokushintsha incazelo, khetha ukwenza lula. Susa izinkulumo eziyimpinda futhi ucabange ukushintsha izenzo zephrasal ngezinye zegama elilodwa lapho kufanele.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ikomiti liqale ukucubungula lolu daba ngenyanga kaMasingana.
• Ikomiti liqale ukuhlola lolu daba ngoJanuwari.

Ukuphinda kufeza injongo ekubhaleni kwezemfundo, njengokufingqa ulwazi lwangaphambili esiphethweni kodwa ukugwema ukuphindaphinda okweqisayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi awenzi impikiswano efanayo ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa usebenzisa imisho ehlukile.

Amathuluzi abalulekile okubhala kwezemfundo

Kunamathuluzi amaningi okubhala azokwenza inqubo yakho yokubhala isheshe futhi ibe lula. Sizogqamisa ezintathu zazo ngezansi.

• Ithuluzi lokuchaza ngamazwi. Amathuluzi asekelwe ku-AI afana I-ChatGPT ingacacisa futhi yenze umbhalo wakho ube lula, ikakhulukazi lapho ubeka imithombo ngemisho. Khumbula, ukucaphuna okufanele kubalulekile ukuze gwema ukukopela.
• Isihloli sohlelo lolimi. Lolu hlobo lwesofthiwe luskena umbhalo wakho ukuze bathole amaphutha ohlelo, isipelingi, nezimpawu zokubhala. Uma ihlonza iphutha, isihloli sohlelo lolimi sinikeza impendulo esheshayo futhi siphakamise izilungiso ezingaba khona, ngaleyo ndlela sikusize uveze imibono yakho ngokucacile futhi ugweme amaphutha avamile.
• Isifinyezo. Uma udinga ukwenza ulwazi olude noma okunzima ukuliqonda kalula, ithuluzi lokufingqa lingasiza. Kwenza imithombo eyinkimbinkimbi ibe lula ukuyiqonda, ikusiza ukuthi ugxilise umbuzo wakho wocwaningo, futhi inikeze isifinyezo esifushane samaphuzu akho abalulekile.

Isiphetho

Ukuthola impumelelo ekubhaleni kwezemfundo kubalulekile kunoma ngubani obambe iqhaza emsebenzini wokufunda. Lo mhlahlandlela ukuhlinzeke ngezinto ezibalulekile ezimele ukubhala okuqinile kwezemfundo—kusuka ekucaceni kuye ekutholeni imithombo—futhi unikeze nemininingwane yalokho okufanele kugwenywe. Amathuluzi afana nesoftware yokubeka amagama ngamagama kanye nezihloli zohlelo lolimi angenza le nqubo ibe lula. Ngalolu lwazi esandleni sakho, ukulungele kangcono ukuhlasela izinselele zemfundo ngempumelelo nangokuzethemba.