Ukufunda ngomshini kuguqula indlela esiphatha ngayo imisebenzi yansuku zonke nezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi, sithuthukisa yonke into kusukela ekuhleleni komuntu siqu kuya kumasu ebhizinisi. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlola okuyisisekelo sokufunda komshini, ukusetshenziswa kwawo okungokoqobo kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, kanye nomthelela wawo wokuguqula umsebenzi izindawo zomhlaba.
Esimeni sobuchwepheshe esithuthuka ngokushesha, ukuqonda ukufunda komshini kubalulekile. Le nkambu eguquguqukayo ithuthukisa amakhono okuhlaziya idatha, yenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi ivule amathuba amasha emisebenzi. Zitholele imigomo eyisisekelo yokufunda komshini futhi ubone ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani ngendlela entsha kuyo yonke imikhakha.
Hlanganyela nathi njengoba senza inkimbinkimbi yalobu buchwepheshe obuthuthukile bufinyeleleke futhi buhehe kuwo wonke umuntu, kusukela kubafundi abaqala uhambo lwabo lokufunda kuye kochwepheshe abathuthukisa amakhono abo.
Ukuqonda ukufunda komshini
Ukufunda komshini iyinkambu eguquguqukayo ngaphakathi kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) evumela amasistimu ukuthi afunde kudatha futhi enze izinqumo ngokungenelela kwabantu okuncane. Igujwa ngekhono layo lokuthuthuka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kwedatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-algorithms ethuthukisiwe.
Imigomo kanye nokusetshenziswa komshini wokufunda
Ukufunda ngomshini kuhlose ukufeza izinhloso ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
- Ukuhlukanisa idatha. Ukuhlonza amaphethini nokuhlela idatha ngempumelelo, njengokuhlunga ama-imeyili abe yizigaba zangempela nezigaxekile.
- Ukwenza izibikezelo. Ukusebenzisa idatha yomlando ukubikezela izehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo, njengokuqagela izintengo zezindlu emadolobheni ahlukahlukene.
Lezi zindlela zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, ezithinta kakhulu izinkambu ezihlanganisa ukuhumusha kolimi, ukuhlaziya okuthandwayo kwabathengi, nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha.
Izisekelo zethiyori zokufunda komshini
Ukungena emicabangweni eyisisekelo ngemuva kokufunda komshini kunikeza imininingwane ejulile ekusebenzeni kwayo:
- Ithiyori yokufunda yezibalo. Ama-algorithm amaningi okufunda komshini asuselwe kumamodeli ezibalo zokwakha ukuze afunde kudatha. Lo mbono usiza ekuqondeni ukulungiswa okwenziwa ama-algorithms.
- Ithiyori yokufunda yekhompyutha. Le ndawo yesayensi yekhompiyutha ifunda izibalo eziyisisekelo ngemuva kwama-algorithms wokufunda, inikeza ukuqonda okucacile kokuthi asebenza kanjani nokuthi ayinkimbinkimbi kangakanani.
- Ama-Neural amanethiwekhi. Efaniswe ubuchopho bomuntu, amanethiwekhi e-neural abalulekile ekufundeni okujulile futhi abalulekile ekutholeni amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi nokudidayo kudatha.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nomthelela
Ukufunda ngomshini kuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo, kubonisa intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe nezidingo zomphakathi:
- Umongo womlando. Kusukela ezinsukwini zakho zokuqala, ukufunda ngomshini kuthuthuke kusuka kuma-algorithms ayisisekelo kuya kumasistimu omhlaba akwazi ukusebenzisa izimoto ezizimele kanye nokwenza lula ukuhlonza izifo.
- Izitayela zesikhathi esizayo. Njengamanje, inkambu ibhekene nentuthuko enkulu Izimiso zokuziphatha ze-AI, ukukhula kwe-quantum computing, kanye nokutholakala kwamathuba amasha emakethe. Lezi ntuthuko zinamandla okuba nomthelela omkhulu ezimbonini ezahlukene.
Ukwandisa umbono
Ukuhlola ukufunda komshini ngama-engeli ahlukahlukene kubonisa inani lakhona elibanzi:
- Izixhumanisi ze-Interdisciplinary. Ukufunda ngomshini kubambisana nezinkambu ezifana nesayikholoji, ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwezinqubo zokuqonda kwengqondo, nefilosofi, ukuze kubhekwane nezindaba zokuziphatha. Le mizamo yezinhlaka ezahlukene ibalulekile ekucwengiseni ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwe-AI.
- Umthelela womhlaba. Emhlabeni jikelele, ukufunda ngomshini kubalulekile ekusizeni umnotho nokuxazulula izinkinga ezinkulu. Isibonelo, emazweni asathuthuka, ishintsha imikhakha yezokunakekelwa kwempilo nezolimo, engasiza ukunqoba izinkinga ezifana nobumpofu nokwenza ngcono impilo.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomhlaba wangempela zokufunda komshini
Ukufunda ngomshini akusona nje isifundo sethiyori esilinganiselwe emakilasini kuphela; iyithuluzi elinamandla eliguqula izimboni nezimo zezemfundo ngokufanayo ngokuxazulula izinkinga zomhlaba wangempela kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle. Lesi sigaba sigqamisa lapho ukufunda komshini kube nomthelela omkhulu, sinikeza izibonelo ezibonisa amakhono awo abanzi:
Ukunakekela impilo
Embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ama-algorithms emishini abalulekile ekuxilongeni okubikezelwayo, okusiza odokotela bavikele izinkinga ezinzima zezempilo ngokuhlaziya amaphethini kudatha yesiguli ukuze babikezele imiphumela engaba khona. Lobu buchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile ekuxilongeni kusenesikhathi futhi busiza ukuqapha okubalulekile kwesiguli kanye nokuhlela izinhlelo zokwelashwa, okuholela emiphumeleni engcono yesiguli kanye nokulethwa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okusebenza kahle kakhudlwana.
Imbonini yezimoto
Ukufunda ngomshini kuhola indlela emisha yezimoto, ikakhulukazi ekudaleni izimoto ezizishayelayo. Lawa masistimu e-AI ahlaziya idatha evela kuzinzwa ezahlukene ukuze enze izinqumo ezisheshayo ezithuthukisa ukuphepha nokusiza ngokuzulazula. Imisebenzi ebalulekile ihlanganisa ukutholwa kwezithiyo, ukuhlela umzila, nosizo lwabashayeli, konke okunikela ekuhlangenwe nakho kokushayela okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kakhudlwana.
Izinsizakalo zezezimali
Kwezezimali, ama-algorithms athuthukile aguqula indlela izinkampani ezibhekana ngayo nokutholwa kokukhwabanisa, ukuhlola ubungozi, nokuhweba. Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela idatha yokwenziwe ukuze kuhlonzwe amaphethini angajwayelekile, lawa ma-algorithms angakwazi ukubona ukukhwabanisa okungenzeka, ahlole ubungozi botshalomali, futhi enze ukuhweba ngokuzenzakalela ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yezezimali, nanoma izimo zemakethe zishintshashintsha.
Ezokuzijabulisa nabezindaba
Izimboni zezokuzijabulisa nemidiya zisebenzisa ukufunda komshini ukwenza kube ngokwakho ukuzizwisa komsebenzisi. Ama-algorithms ahlaziya imikhuba yokubuka atusa amamuvi nezinhlelo ze-TV ezinkundleni ezifana Netflix, elungiselelwe okuthandwa ngumuntu. Ngokufanayo, ukufunda ngomshini kusetshenziswa abashicileli ukuze bavumelane nokulethwa kokuqukethwe, ukuthuthukisa ukubandakanyeka komfundi nokwaneliseka.
Ucwaningo lwezemfundo nocwaningo
Kuzilungiselelo zezemfundo, ukufunda ngomshini kuyazenzakalela futhi kwenze ukuzizwisa ukufunda kube ngokwakho. Ingakwazi ukuhlanganisa okuqukethwe kwezemfundo ukuze kulingane nezidingo zomfundi ngamunye ngokusekelwe ejubaneni lokufunda nesitayela, ithuthukise ukusebenzelana nokusebenza ngempumelelo. Ukwengeza, ukufunda ngomshini kusiza ocwaningweni ngokuhlaziya amasethi edatha amakhulu ngempumelelo kunezindlela zendabuko, okuvumela ukuhlolwa kwe-hypothesis okusheshayo kanye nokuqanjwa okusha ocwaningweni lwesayensi.
Ihlola ukuthi ukufunda komshini kusebenza kanjani
Ukufunda ngomshini kusebenza ngochungechunge olucacile lwezinyathelo, ngasinye sibalulekile ekwakheni amamodeli e-AI aphumelelayo:
- Ukuqoqwa kwedatha. Isinyathelo sokuqala sihlanganisa ukuqoqa idatha emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kusukela ekurekhodweni komculo namarekhodi ezokwelapha kuya ezithombeni zekhamera. Isibonelo, i-Spotify ihlaziya okurekhodiwe komculo ukuze iqonde okuthandwa ngabalaleli futhi income izingoma ezintsha. Le datha eluhlaza nengacutshungulwanga yakha isisekelo sazo zonke izinqubo ezilandelayo zokufunda ngomshini.
- Ukulungiswa kwedatha. Ngemva kokuqoqwa, idatha kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ihlelwe ukuze iqondwe ngamakhompyutha. Lesi sigaba silungisa amaphutha futhi sihlela idatha. Isici sonjiniyela, isibonelo, sikhipha izibaluli ezibalulekile ezisiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile, ezifana nendlela Izithombe ze-Google ezihlonza futhi zihlele ngayo izinto nobuso.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwemodeli. Ukukhetha imodeli efanele kubalulekile, futhi ukuqeqeshwa kuqala lapho imodeli isikhethiwe. Lapha, imodeli ifunda ngokuzenzakalelayo kudatha ngokubona amaphethini nokulungisa amapharamitha ayo. Umgomo uwukuba imodeli izenzele izinqumo ezithembekile noma izibikezelo. I-Netflix, isibonelo, isebenzisa amamodeli ukuncoma imibukiso esekelwe emlandweni wokubuka wabasebenzisi.
- Ukulungiselela imodeli. Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa, imodeli iyathuthukiswa ukuze ikhulise ukunemba kwayo nokuba wusizo. Ilungiswa noma ihlolwe ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze isebenze kangcono ezimeni zangempela. Isibonelo, i-Tesla ivuselela njalo isofthiwe yayo ye-Autopilot ukuze ithuthukise ukuphepha nokusebenza.
- Ukuhlolwa kwemodeli. Ukuhlola imodeli ngedatha entsha engakaze ibe nayo ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kubalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwayo. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukunquma ukuthi imodeli ingakwazi kanjani ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nezinselele ezintsha. Isibonelo, amandla e-IBM Watson ahlolwa njalo ezimeni zokuxilonga zokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuhlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubungcweti bayo ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zedatha yesiguli.
- Ukuthunyelwa kwemodeli. Isinyathelo sokugcina sibandakanya ukusebenzisa imodeli ukuze yenze imisebenzi ethile, efana nokubona izithombe noma ukubikezela amathrendi. I-Amazon isebenzisa ukufunda komshini ukubikezela amaphethini wokuthenga futhi ithuthukise ukuphathwa kwempahla. Ngemuva kokuthunyelwa, imodeli iyaqhubeka nokufunda futhi ijwayele ukuhlala isebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Ukufunda ngomshini kuwumjikelezo, ngomzuliswano ngamunye wokuqoqwa kwedatha, ukulungiswa, ukuqeqeshwa, nokusetshenziswa kuthuthukisa amakhono emodeli, kufuna ukusebenza okungaguquki ngisho nangedatha entsha.
- Indima yedatha nama-algorithms. Emgogodleni wako, ukufunda komshini kuncike kudatha nama-algorithms: idatha iwukhiye wokufakwayo, futhi ama-algorithms asebenzisa lokhu ukuze akhiqize imininingwane ebalulekile. Isibonelo, i-Google ihlale ibuyekeza ama-algorithms okusesha ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi imiphumela yosesho ihambisana kakhulu ngokuhlaziya idatha evela ekusebenzelaneni nabasebenzisi.
Amamodeli wokufunda womshini
Amamodeli okufunda ngomshini ahlukahlukene, ngalinye lenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukufunda nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokucubungula idatha ngempumelelo. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwabo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwabo ngempumelelo kumaphrojekthi we-AI. Ngezansi ukuhlolwa kwamamodeli okufunda okuyisisekelo kanye nokusebenza kwawo:
Ukufunda okugadiwe
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, ukufunda okugadiwe, lisebenzisa amamodeli afunda kudatha yokuqeqeshwa ephawulwe ngokucacile. Basebenzisa lawa malebula ukuze bafunde indlela yokubikezela imiphumela noma ukuhlukanisa idatha entsha, engabonakali ngokunembile.
- Isicelo esivamile. Amasevisi e-imeyili asebenzisa ukufunda okugadiwe ukuze ahlele imilayezo engenayo ibe “ugaxekile” noma “okungewona ugaxekile”.
- Isibonelo. Ubuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso buhlunga izithombe zabantu ngokufunda eqoqweni lezithombe ezinelebula.
Ukufunda okungagadiwe
Ngokuphambene, amamodeli okufunda angagadiwe asebenza nedatha engenamalebula. Zihlonza amaphethini nobudlelwano ngokwazo, zihlela idatha ngamaqembu anezici ezifanayo.
- Isibonelo somsebenzi. Kuzibalo zebhizinisi, ukufunda okungagadiwe kungase kuhlukanise amakhasimende emaqenjini ahlukene ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni kwawo kokuthenga ngaphandle kokulebula kwangaphambilini.
Ukuqiniswa kokufunda
Le modeli ifunda ngokuzama nangephutha, isebenzisa impendulo evela ezenzweni zayo ukuze yenze izinqumo ezikhulisa umvuzo noma ezinciphisa ubungozi ezindaweni ezingalindelekile.
- Isicelo somhlaba wangempela. Izimoto ezizishayelayo zisebenzisa ukufunda okuqinisayo ukuze zenze izinqumo zokuzulazula zesikhathi sangempela, njengokuthi zijike nini noma zibhuleki nini ukuze zigweme umgoqo.
Ukuthola i-algorithm efanele
Ukukhetha i-algorithm efanele kubalulekile futhi kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwedatha nomphumela oyifunayo.
- Ukumodela okuqagelayo. Ama-algorithms afana nokuhlehla komugqa asetshenziselwa ukubikezela imiphumela yobuningi, njengokubikezela amathrendi emakethe yesitoko ngokusekelwe kudatha yomlando.
Ukuhlanganisa nokufunda okuqhubekayo
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokufunda komshini buqhubeka, ukuhlanganisa amamodeli ahlukahlukene nokuhlala uwabuyekeza ngedatha entsha kubaluleka ukuze kwandiswe ukunemba nokusebenza kwawo.
- Isibonelo sokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo. Izinkundla ze-E-commerce zishintsha ngokuguqukayo izincomo zomkhiqizo wazo kubasebenzisi ngokuqhubeka nokuhlaziya ukuziphatha komsebenzisi kanye nezintandokazi.
Imodeli ngayinye yokufunda yomshini inikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile futhi ingakhelwa ngokukhethekile imisebenzi ethile nezimo. Ngokuqonda lawa mamodeli nokukhetha ama-algorithm alungile, abathuthukisi bangakha amasistimu e-AI asebenza kahle kakhulu, aguquguqukayo aguqukayo ngezindawo zabo.
Amathuba emisebenzi ekufundeni komshini
Njengoba ukufunda ngomshini kuqhubeka nokwandisa ithonya lakho ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, kuvula inqwaba yamathuba emisebenzi kulabo abalungiselelwe ngamakhono adingekayo. Ngezansi kunethebula elinemininingwane echaza izindima ezibalulekile emkhakheni wokufunda komshini, amakhono abalulekile adingekayo, abangaba abaqashi, nezindlela ezijwayelekile zomsebenzi ongase uzithathe:
| Indima | Lokho abakwenzayo | Amakhono adingekayo | Lapho abasebenza khona | Indlela yomsebenzi |
| Usosayensi wedatha | Hlaziya amasethi amakhulu edatha ukuze usize izinkampani zenze izinqumo; Sebenzisa ukufunda komshini ukuze uthole imininingwane. | • Uchwepheshe ezinhlelweni (Python/R) • Iqinile ngezibalo • Unolwazi ngezindlela ze-ML | • Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe • Amabhange • Abahlinzeki bezempilo • Amafemu okuthengisa | Qala njengabahlaziyi bedatha, nyukela ekwakhiweni kwephrojekthi kanye nobuholi bamasu edatha. |
| Unjiniyela wokufunda ngomshini | Dala futhi uphathe amamodeli e-ML kusuka kumklamo kuya ekusetshenzisweni. | • Amakhono amahle kakhulu wokuhlela • Ulwazi olujulile lwama-algorithms we-ML • Amakhono okuthuthukisa isoftware | • Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe • Izimboni zezimoto • Ezezimali • Ukuphepha Komphakathi | Qala ezindimeni zezinga lokungena, uhlose izikhundla ezifana ne-AI Architect noma i-CTO ekuqaleni. |
| Usosayensi wocwaningo lwe-AI | Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha be-AI nezindlela. | • I-PhD ku-CS noma inkambu ehlobene • Ulwazi olubanzi lwe-AI ne-ML • Isipiliyoni socwaningo | • Amayunivesithi • Amalebhu ocwaningo • Izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe | Qala ocwaningweni, thuthukela kumaphrojekthi aholayo, noma iminyango yocwaningo oluyinhloko. |
Izinsiza zokufunda namathuluzi
Ngemva kokuhlola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene kanye nokusebenza komshini wokufunda, ungase ube nelukuluku lokuqala uhambo lwakho kule nkambu eguquguqukayo. Ngezansi kunohlu olubanzi lwezinsiza namathuluzi angakusiza ekujuleni ujule, kusukela ezifundweni eziku-inthanethi kanye nezincwadi zokufunda kuya kwisofthiwe yemithombo evulekile nezinkundla zomphakathi ezisebenzayo. Lezi zinsiza zenzelwe ukusekela abafundi kuwo wonke amazinga, noma ngabe usaqala noma ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho olukhona.
Izifundo ze-inthanethi
- I-Coursera - Ukufunda Ngomshini ka-Andrew Ng. Isifundo sokuqala esidumile esihlanganisa uhla olubanzi lwemiqondo eyisisekelo.
- edX – Artificial Intelligence MicroMasters yi-Columbia University. Uchungechunge lwezifundo zezinga lokuthweswa iziqu eziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wakho ku-AI.
- I-Udacity - i-AI kanye ne-Machine Learning Nanodegrees. Ukufunda okusekwe kuphrojekthi ukwakha nokulola amakhono akho ezindaweni ezikhethekile ze-AI.
Izincwadi zabafundi
- "Ukuqashelwa Kwephethini kanye Nokufunda Ngomshini" kaChristopher M. Bishop. Inikeza isingeniso esiphelele sabafundi abathole iziqu ezithuthukile kanye nabafundi abaneziqu.
- "Ukufunda Ngomshini: Umbono Onokwenzeka" kaKevin P. Murphy. Leli bhuku linikeza isingeniso esinemininingwane emkhakheni wokufunda komshini ngombono ongase ube khona.
Isoftware yomthombo ovulekile
- I-TensorFlow. Ithuthukiswe i-Google, lena umtapo wolwazi onamandla wokubala izinombolo nokufunda ngomshini.
- Scikit-Funda. Ithuluzi elilula nelisebenza kahle lokumbiwa kwedatha nokuhlaziya idatha elakhelwe ku-NumPy, SciPy, kanye ne-matplotlib. I-Matplotlib iwumtapo wolwazi osetshenziswa kuPython ukudala ukubonwa okumile, okusebenzisanayo, nokugqwayizayo.
- I-PyTorch. Umtapo wolwazi womshini ovulekile ovela ku-Facebook, osetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezifana nokucutshungulwa kolimi lwemvelo.
Amaforamu omphakathi
- I-Stack Ukuchichima. Insiza ebalulekile yonjiniyela nonjiniyela ukuze babuze imibuzo futhi babelane ngemininingwane.
- I-Reddit r/Ukufunda ngomshini. Umphakathi osebenzayo wokuxoxa ngokwakamuva kumasu okufunda komshini, izindaba, nocwaningo.
- GitHub. Ihlinzeka ngesitoreji esiningi samaphrojekthi lapho ungahlanganyela futhi unikele ezinhlelweni zomhlaba wangempela.
Umehluko phakathi kokufunda komshini nokufunda okujulile
Ngemva kokuhlola amathuluzi ahlukahlukene nezisetshenziswa zokufunda mayelana nokufunda komshini, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko ngaphakathi kwenkambu ngokwayo. Njengoba singena sijula ebunzimeni bokufunda komshini nasekusetshenzisweni kwawo kuzo zonke izizinda ezihlukahlukene, kubaluleka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamasu okufunda omshini okuvamile kanye nesethi engaphansi ekhethekile yokufunda okujulile. Zombili zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile kodwa zihluke kakhulu endleleni ezisebenza ngayo kanye nezinkinga ezizixazululayo.
Ukuqonda umehluko
I-General Machine Learning (ML) isebenzisa i-spectrum ebanzi yama-algorithms asebenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa komuntu okuqondile. Lawa ma-algorithms aqeqeshwa ngedatha efakwe ilebula ecacile ngochwepheshe, edinga okokufaka komuntu ukuze kuchazwe amalebula nezici. Amasistimu asebenzisa lezi zindlela zokunquma ezichazwe ngaphambilini ukuze ahlukanise idatha ngokwezigaba noma enze izibikezelo.
Ukuze isibonelo:
- Amasistimu okuhlunga ama-imeyili ahlela imilayezo ibe yizigaba “zogaxekile” noma “okungewona ugaxekile” kusetshenziswa izici ezichazwe umsebenzisi njengamagama angukhiye noma isithunzi somthumeli.
Ukufunda Okujulile (DL), isethi engaphansi egxilile yokufunda komshini, isebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-neural ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze ahlaziye izendlalelo zedatha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu ekucubunguleni idatha engahlelekile njengezithombe nomsindo, ihlonza izici ezifanele ngaphandle kokudinga imiyalo enekhodi yomuntu noma izigaba ezichazwe ngaphambilini.
Ukuze isibonelo:
- Ubuchwepheshe bokubona izwi kumadivayisi afana no-Siri kanye Nomsizi we-Google acubungula ulimi olukhulunywayo ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokuhlela okwenziwa ngesandla kubinzana ngalinye noma igama.
Izicelo ezisebenzayo nezikhombisi-ndlela zesikhathi esizayo
Ukufunda okujulile kubonakala kusebenza kakhulu ezimeni lapho ukufunda komshini wendabuko kungase kube nzima:
- Izimoto ezizimele. Ama-algorithms okufunda okujulile ahumusha idatha evela kuzinzwa ezahlukahlukene ukwenza izinqumo zokuzulazula ezisheshayo, njengokukhomba izithiyo noma ukuhlela imizila.
- Ukunakekela impilo. I-DL ithuthukisa ukunemba nesivinini sokuhumusha izithombe zezokwelapha njenge Ama-MRIs, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuxilonga ngaphezu kwezindlela zendabuko.
Ukuhlanganiswa kanye nentuthuko ku-AI
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kokufunda komshini nokufunda okujulile kuguqula izimboni ezihlukahlukene ngokuhlanganisa ukufunda okuhlelekile, okusekelwe emithethweni nokuhlaziywa kwedatha okunembile, okuzenzakalelayo. Le nhlanganisela kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubekisele phambili intuthuko ebalulekile ku-AI, yenze amasistimu ahlakaniphe futhi aphendule kangcono izimo zomhlaba wangempela.
Izimiso zokuziphatha ekufundeni komshini
Njengoba singena sijula ekufundeni komshini nasekufundeni okujulile, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zokuziphatha eziza nalobu buchwepheshe. Imikhuba yokuziphatha ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-AI ngokuzibophezela futhi ithinta kakhulu indlela lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa futhi bubukwa ngayo emhlabeni jikelele. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola izindaba ezibalulekile zokuziphatha ezibalulekile ekwakheni amasistimu e-AI athembekile nalungile:
Ubumfihlo bedatha
Ukufunda ngomshini kuncike kakhulu enanini elikhulu ledatha ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kube nokunemba kakhudlwana. Ngokuvamile, le datha ihlanganisa ulwazi lomuntu siqu, olungaphakamisa ukukhathazeka kobumfihlo. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo ukusetshenziswa kwe-Facebook idatha yomuntu siqu ekukhangiseni okuhlosiwe, okuholele ezingxoxweni ezisabalele mayelana namalungelo obumfihlo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda imithelela yokusebenzisa idatha yomuntu siqu kanye nokuthuthukisa izindlela eziqinile zokuvikela ubumfihlo bomuntu ngamunye.
Imvume kanye nokubeka izinto obala
Ukuqonda ukuthi ama-algorithms okufunda komshini asebenza kanjani nokuthi azenza kanjani izinqumo kubalulekile ekwakheni ukwethenjwa nokuqinisekisa ukuziphendulela. Isibonelo, i-European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) idinga ukuthi abantu ngabanye babe nelungelo lokuqonda ukucabanga okungemuva kwezinqumo ezenziwe amasistimu azenzakalelayo abathintayo. Lokhu kwaziwa 'njengelungelo lokuchazwa'. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi onjiniyela bathole ukwesekwa okucacile kokusebenzisa idatha yothile, ikakhulukazi ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi banolwazi olugcwele futhi bayavumelana nendlela idatha yabo esetshenziswa ngayo.
Ukuchema nokungenzeleli
Ukuchema kumamodeli okufunda emishini kungaholela ekuphathweni okungalungile nokubandlululwa. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlelo zokuqaphela izithombe zikhombe ngokungalungile ubuso bezinhlanga ezithile. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuthi onjiniyela bagweme ukuchema kumasistimu e-AI. Kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi izinqumo zokufunda ngomshini zilungile futhi azibandlululi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulunga.
Umthelela emsebenzini
Ukunyuka kwe-AI kanye ne-automation kubumba kabusha ukuqashwa ezimbonini eziningi. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-robotic process automation kulindeleke ukuthi bushintshe imisebenzi nemikhakha eyahlukene. Isibonelo, i-automation ekukhiqizeni ingase inciphise isidingo samakhono athile futhi yehlise isidingo sokusebenza kwabantu emisebenzini ephindaphindwayo. Ochwepheshe be-AI besikhathi esizayo kufanele bacabange ngalezi zinguquko kwezomnotho, okuhlanganisa amathuba emisebenzi emisha emikhakheni ehlobene nobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo sokuqeqesha kabusha abasebenzi abalahlekelwa yimisebenzi ngenxa ye-automation.
Ukuze uhlole kabanzi mayelana nemikhuba yokuziphatha ekuthuthukisweni kwe-AI, okuhlanganisa izingxoxo ezinemininingwane mayelana noMthetho we-AI we-EU kanye nemithelela yawo ekusungulweni nasekuziphatheni, ungafunda okwengeziwe esihlokweni sethu esibanzi. lapha.
Ngokuzibandakanya ngokuqhubekayo nalokhu kukhathazeka kokuziphatha, umphakathi wokufunda ngomshini ungakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AI obungathuthuki nje kuphela ngokobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi obunomthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini nobuzwakalayo ngokokuziphatha.
Amandla nemikhawulo yokufunda komshini
Njengoba siphetha ukuhlola kwethu okuningiliziwe kokufunda komshini—kusukela emicabangweni yawo eyisisekelo kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwawo okuhlukahlukene kanye nezindaba zokuziphatha eziphakamisayo—kubalulekile ukucabanga ngawo womabili amakhono abanzi nezinselele ezinkulu zalobu buchwepheshe obunomthelela. Lesi sigaba sokugcina sifinyeza izingxoxo zethu ngokugqamisa amandla abalulekile nezinselele ezibalulekile ezithinta indlela ukufunda komshini osetshenziswa ngayo ezindaweni ezihlukene.
Amandla
- Ukukala kokuhlaziya. Ukufunda Ngomshini kuhamba kahle kakhulu lapho kusebenza namasethi edatha amakhulu, njengoba kukwazi ukubona amaphethini ngokuzenzekelayo futhi kwenze izibikezelo ngokuphumelelayo kunezindlela ezivamile. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nokuhlaziya idatha enkulu nezinjini zokusesha.
- Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ama-algorithms e-ML aklanyelwe ngokwemvelo ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kwawo ngokuqhubekayo ngokufunda kudatha entsha, ebalulekile kuzilungiselelo eziguqukayo njengezincomo zokuqukethwe komuntu siqu lapho okuthandwayo komsebenzisi kuguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ukuzenzekelayo. I-ML ithuthukisa kakhulu isivinini sokwenza izinqumo futhi yehlisa amaphutha abantu, ikwenze kubaluleke ezindaweni ezifana nokuhweba ngezimali kanye nokuxilongwa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo lapho ukunemba kubaluleke khona.
- Ukuphumelela. Ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ngokuyikho kakhudlwana, i-ML isiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukonke emisebenzini ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuphathwa kwamandla okungcono kumasistimu aziwa ngokuthi ama-smart grids, asiza ukubikezela izikhathi ezimatasatasa zokusetshenziswa kwamandla nokunciphisa ukungcola ngokulungisa ukunikezwa ngendlela efanele.
Ukulinganiselwa
- Ukufaka ngokweqile. Lokhu kwenzeka uma imodeli iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ithwebula umsindo esikhundleni sephethini yedatha eyisisekelo, engenza kube kubi kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo kumasethi edatha amasha.
- Transparency. Imvelo “yebhokisi elimnyama” yamamodeli amaningi e-ML iveza izinselele emikhakheni efana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezamabhange lapho kudingeka khona izindlela zokucwaninga ezicacile. Lokhu kungabi namfihlo kungabukela phansi ukwethenjwa futhi kuvimbe ukuziphendulela.
- Ukuchema. Uma ukuchema kudatha yokuqeqesha kungabhekwana nayo, kungaholela emiphumeleni engalungile ezinqumweni ezizenzakalelayo, okuphathelene ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nezimvume zokuqasha nokuboleka.
- Ukukala kokuqaliswa. Nakuba ewaphatha kahle amasethi edatha amakhulu, ukunweba amamodeli e-ML kuya kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu noma ezengeziwe kungase kubangele izinselele ezinkulu ngenxa yezidingo eziphezulu zekhompyutha nezindleko, okungenzeka zingasebenzi kuzo zonke izinhlangano.
Ngenkathi ukufunda komshini kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezingaguqula izimboni, kuphinda kuhlangabezane nemikhawulo ebalulekile engaphazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwakho okubanzi. Uma ubheka phambili, umphakathi wokufunda ngomshini kufanele usebenzise lawa mandla ngenkathi futhi unqoba imikhawulo ngezixazululo zokudala kanye nemikhuba yokuziphatha. Ngokugcina lokhu kugxila okunokulinganisela, singaqinisekisa ukuthi ukufunda komshini kufinyelela amandla ako agcwele njengobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo, kuthuthukiswe inqubekelaphambili ngokuzibophezela nangokuhlanganisayo.
Isiphetho
| Ukufunda ngomshini kuhamba phambili ekuguqukeni kwezobuchwepheshe, okunikeza ukusebenza kahle okusha nokuqanjwa okusha kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi. Lolu hambo lubonise ukubaluleka okubalulekile kokulinganisa amandla okuqamba kanye nesibopho sokuziphatha ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinzuzo zayo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi. Njengoba sibheke esikhathini esizayo, inselele yethu esihlangene iwukuqondisa le ntuthuko ngokucophelela, siqinisekisa ukuthi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ifinyelelwa ngokuzibophezela nangokuhlanganisayo. Ingabe usukulungele ukujoyina lolu hambo futhi usize ekuvuleni amandla aphelele okufunda komshini ngendlela egcina ukuzibophezela kwethu ekwenzeni ubulungisa nenqubekelaphambili? Masisungule izinto ezintsha ngokuzibophezela, siqinisekise ukuthi isinyathelo ngasinye esisithathayo sisekela intuthuko enobulungiswa neyokuziphatha kwezobuchwepheshe. |
