Ukulungiselela i-eseyi ephumelelayo yokuphikisana

Ukufunda ubuciko bokulungiselela i-eseyi ephikisanayo ephumelelayo kuyikhono elibalulekile, hhayi kuphela ezimpumelelweni zezemfundo kodwa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwangempela kukho konke ukuphila kwakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okwezivivinyo ezibalulekile noma izikhathi ezinkulu, ukwazi ukuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani i-eseyi eqinile ephikisanayo kuyikhono eliwusizo kwezombusazwe, ukumaketha, imfundo, neminye imisebenzi eminingi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi singazakha futhi sibhale kanjani izindatshana eziphikisanayo ngendlela eqondile nekholisayo, sinikeze umhlahlandlela wokuveza amaphuzu akho ngempumelelo nangendlela ekholisayo.

Umhlahlandlela wendatshana ephikisanayo

Ukubhala i-eseyi enhle ephikisanayo kungase kube nzima. Akukhona nje ukwabelana ngombono wakho kodwa futhi mayelana nokwamukela imibono yabanye abantu nokudala indaba eqinile eqondisa umfundi ngobumnene ukuthi avumelane nawe. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokuhambisa ezinyathelweni zokuhlela, ukusekela, nokufakazela impikiswano yakho, uqinisekisa ukuthi indaba yakho iyakholeka futhi iqinile kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.

Ukulungiselela i-eseyi enezimpikiswano ezihehayo

Ukubhala indaba ephikisanayo kusho ukuzama ukwenza umfundi abone izinto ngombono wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokho kuyakhohlisa, ikakhulukazi lapho iphuzu lakho lingase libangele ukungezwani okuncane. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wakho uwukwakha ingxabano okunzima ukuyiphikisa. Kufana nokwakha ibhuloho eliqinile - zonke izingcezu zidinga ukulingana kahle ukuze zime ziqine, ikakhulukazi lapho libhekene nemimoya enamandla yokuphikiswa!

Ukuhlela indaba yakho ephikisanayo

Ukuqala indaba ephikisanayo kufana nokwakha ibhuloho eliqinile. Ucezu ngalunye ludinga ukubekwa endaweni ephephile ukuze lukwazi ukumelana nanoma yiziphi izinselele noma imibono ephikisayo olungase lubhekane nalo. Lokhu akukhona nje ukubeka elakho iphuzu kodwa ukuqaphela ngekhono, ukuqonda, kanye nokusabela kweminye imibono, ukuqondisa abafundi bakho ukuthi bavumelane nawe kalula.

Nali ithebula elilula lokuchaza indlela yokuhlanganisa i-eseyi ephikisanayo, uqinisekisa ukuthi impikiswano yakho ayiqinile nje kuphela kodwa futhi iwudlulisela ngokucacile umlayezo wakho.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi gcina izingxabano ezingase zibe khona engqondweni ngenkathi ulolonga indaba yakho ephikisanayo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo okukhangayo, phakathi nendawo eqinile, kuze kufike esiphethweni sayo esikholisayo, indaba yakho kufanele ivikele iphuzu lakho eliyinhloko ngentshiseko futhi ihole abafundi bakho ngempikiswano eyakhiwe ngokunengqondo. Kufanele ime ekuhlolweni nasekuphikisweni ngokuphumelelayo, njengebhuloho elakhiwe kahle.

Ukwakha nokusekela impikiswano yakho enkulu

Ukwethula ohambweni lwendatshana ephikisanayo kusho ukuthi uzobe uthuthukisa iphuzu eliqinile futhi ulisekele ngempumelelo. Umgomo wakho oyinhloko lapha ukukholisa abafundi bakho ukuthi bamukele umbono wakho. Ukufeza lokhu, ngena ezinsizeni ezahlukahlukene njengamawebhusayithi, nezincwadi, noma ungene kulwazi lwakho ku isihloko kubalulekile.

Isimangalo sakho kufanele siqonde. Isitatimende esinesibindi esingabhekwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi siyiqiniso noma cha.

Iphuzu eliyisihluthulelo okufanele ulikhumbule

Isimangalo sakho esiyinhloko kufanele siqine futhi sicace. Idinga ukukhetha uhlangothi odabeni abantu abangalubuka ngendlela ehlukile.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• “Izikole kumele zifundise ukuphatha imali.”

Lesi isimangalo esiqinile sendatshana ngoba abantu bangaphikisana nayo, mhlawumbe bathi izingane zifunda lokhu ekhaya noma kubaxaka kakhulu.

Kodwa udinga ukusekela isimangalo sakho esiyinhloko ngokusekela okuhle. Ungakwazi yini ukuthola amaqiniso abonisa ukuthi ukufunda ngemali kuzilungele izingane? Yebo, kunolwazi oluningi olubonisa ukuqonda imali engasiza abantu benze izinqumo ezingcono lapho sebekhulile.

Ukulungiselela ukuphikisana okuqinile

Lapho uqopha ingxabano yakho endabeni, ikakhulukazi leyo efuna ukukholisa, kubalulekile ukunikeza izitatimende ngokusekelwa okukhulu okuqinisekisa ngobuqotho amaphuzu akho.

Ukwesekwa okuhle kungahlanganisa:

• Amaqiniso nocwaningo.
• Imibono yongoti.
• Izibonelo zangempela ezibonisa iphuzu lakho.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• “Ukwenza izinto ezivivinya umzimba njalo ezikoleni kungavula indlela yokuthuthukisa impilo engokomzimba nengokwengqondo phakathi kwabafundi. Izinyathelo ezilula, ezifana nokwethula amakhefu amafushane okuzivocavoca phakathi kwamakilasi noma ukuhlela izikhathi zezemidlalo zamasonto onke, zingaba nomthelela omkhulu enhlalakahleni yabafundi.”

Lesi simangalo esiyinhloko sinamandla futhi singaqiniswa ngedatha ethile njengocwaningo olubonisa umthelela omuhle wokunyakazisa umzimba empilweni yomfundi, izindaba ezimayelana nezikole lapho imikhuba enjalo ikhiqize imiphumela emihle, kanye nezibonelo zezindlela ezilula izikole ezingase zizisebenzise ukuze zihlanganise imisebenzi yomzimba phakathi kwazo. izinhlelo.

Ngale ndlela, amaphuzu asemqoka amasha athuthukisa iphuzu eliqinile futhi aqophe impikiswano yakho, ebhalwe ngokugqamile ukuze isetshenziswe kalula. Izibonelo namaphuzu okusekela nawo ayahlukahluka ukuze amise ukuphindaphinda futhi anikeze umbono obanzi wezihloko ezingase zibe impikiswano nobufakazi obusekelayo.

Ukuthuthukisa i-eseyi yakho ngeplatifomu yethu

Njengengxenye yokulungiselela impikiswano eqinile, ubuqiniso nokucaca kwe-eseyi yakho kubalulekile. Inkundla yethu inikezela ngezinsizakalo ezikhethekile ukuthuthukisa lezi zici:

• Ukuhlola ukukopa. Qinisekisa ubuqiniso bendatshana yakho ngesevisi yethu ethuthukisiwe yokuthola ukukopela.
• Ukuhlola amaphutha ochwepheshe. Phakamisa ukucaca, uhlelo lolimi, kanye nekhwalithi iyonke yokubhala kwakho ngamasevisi ethu okuhlola amaphutha anekhono.

Ngokusebenzisa la mathuluzi, ungaqinisa kakhulu ukwethembeka nokusebenza kwe-eseyi yakho ephikisanayo. Vakashela inkundla yethu ukufunda okwengeziwe futhi uthathe isinyathelo sokuqala ekulungiseleleni indaba ephoqelelayo neqinile ezifundweni.

Ukubhala uhlelo lwendatshana oluphikisanayo

Ukuhlela i-eseyi yakho ephikisanayo kubalulekile ukuze uveze impikiswano ecacile, ephoqelelayo. Ukubaluleka kwepulani ye-eseyi kuba kufaneleka nakakhulu lapho kwakhiwe ucezu oluphikisanayo ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa izethameli ngokucabanga okungazinzile. Lapho isisekelo senkulumo yakho singantengantengi noma singacacile, ukunaka kwezilaleli zakho kuba sengozini.

Uma isihloko sakho kuwukuphela kwengxenye ecacile futhi impikiswano yakho isadidekile, ukuqala ngokuzivocavoca ngaphambi kokubhala ukuze ukhiqize imibono yethisisi yakho kuyisu elibalulekile.

Ukuvula imibono: Amasu okubhala ngaphambilini ezindatshana eziphikisanayo

Ukuqala i-eseyi ephikisanayo kusho ukuhlela imibono yakho nokwazi ngokucacile ukuthi ufuna ukukhuluma ngani. Imisebenzi eyahlukene yokubhala ngaphambilini ingakusiza uthole iphuzu lakho eliyinhloko futhi ulungele ukulivikela. Masisebenzise lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuze simbe sijule esihlokweni futhi sithole ukuthi ucabangani ngempela.

• Ukucabangisisa. Ake siqale ngokulahla yonke imibono yakho ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ukuthi mihle noma mibi. Zibuze izinto ezinjengokuthi, “Yini okukhulunywa ngayo kakhulu mayelana nalesi sihloko?” noma “Kukuphi lapho abantu abangase bangavumelani khona?”. Lokhu kusiza imicabango yakho ukuthi igeleze futhi kukusiza ukuthi uthole izindlela ezihlukene ongabhekana nengxabano yakho.
• Ukubhala ngokukhululeka. Zinike imvume yokubhala noma yini efika engqondweni yakho mayelana nesihloko imizuzu engu-5-10 ngokunganqamuki. Lokhu kubhala okungenangcindezi kungase kukusize uthole imibono ongalindelekile noma kukwenze uzizwe uqiniseka kakhulu mayelana nesici esithile sesihloko.
• Ukudala izinhlu. Kuwusizo kakhulu ongqondongqondo ababonakalayo, ukufakwa kuhlu kukuvumela ukuthi ubhale phansi noma yimiphi imibono, imiqondo, noma amaphuzu afika engqondweni mayelana nesihloko. Le fomethi ehlelekile ingenza kube lula ukuhlela nokubeka phambili imicabango yakho kamuva.
• Ukuhlanganisa. Cabanga ngokuhlanganisa njengokudweba imephu yengqondo ukuze uhlole imibono yakho. Bhala isihloko sakho esikhulu phakathi nekhasi. Bese, dweba imigqa kuyo iye emibonweni emincane noma amaphuzu ahlobene. Uma unemininingwane eyengeziwe ngalawo maphuzu amancane, dweba imigqa eyengeziwe kuwo ukuze ubonise le micabango eyengeziwe (hlola isithombe esiyisibonelo ukuze ubone ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani).
• Ukuhlaziya okuhle nokubi. Faka kuhlu okuhle nokubi okuhlotshaniswa nezimangalo ezingaba khona mayelana nesihloko sakho. Lesi senzo sijulisa ukuqonda kwakho kwemibono eyahlukene futhi sikusize ucabange ukuthi yisiphi isimangalo esinikeza impikiswano ekholisa kakhulu. Ngokulindela izimpikiswano ezingase zibe khona, ukulungele kangcono ukubhekana nazo endabeni yakho.

Ngemva kokuzama okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zivivinyo, cishe uzothola umbono ngesihloko ozwakalayo kuwe. Lo mbono uba yiphuzu eliyinhloko ozoliphikisa endabeni yakho. Cabanga ngaleli phuzu njengenkanyezi eqondisayo, ugcine ingxabano yakho isendleleni njengoba usebenza kulo lonke ucwaningo lwakho futhi ubhekana nemibono ehlukene ekubhaleni kwakho okuzayo.

Ukuhlanganisa imibono yochwepheshe kumpikiswano yakho

Ukwethula ucwaningo kusho ukungena kulokho ochwepheshe abanolwazi abangakusho ngesihloko sakho.

'Uchwepheshe' ngumuntu onolwazi oluningi nolwazi endaweni ethile. Ukusebenzisa ochwepheshe endabeni yakho kubalulekile ngoba abantu bavamise ukukholelwa abakushoyo. Ngakho-ke, uma ukhuluma ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi wabelane ngengcaphuno evela kusosayensi odumile wesimo sezulu njengoDkt. James Hansen, abantu kungenzeka bathembe iphuzu lakho.

Njengoba unesimangalo sakho esiyinhloko kanye nobufakazi bokuqala esandleni, yisikhathi sokucabanga ukuthi uzokwethula kanjani impikiswano yakho. Ukulungiselela impikiswano ehehayo kuhilela ukukhetha indlela efanele yokwethula ulwazi lwakho nokuvikela isimangalo sakho. Khumbula, izingxabano zingenziwa ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho-ke cabanga ngalezi zindlela ezintathu ezivamile zokuphikisana:

• I-Ethos (ukwethembeka noma isikhalazo sokuziphatha). I-Ethos ihlanganisa ukwakha ukwethembana nezithameli zakho ngokubonisa ukwethembeka kwakho nokuma kwakho kokuziphatha. Ukusebenzisa imithombo ekholekayo nokugcina izinto zithembekile futhi ziqondile kwenza impikiswano yakho iqine.
• I-Pathos (isikhalo somzwelo). I-Pathos ihlose ukuthonya ngokuxhuma nemizwa yezethameli. Ukusebenzisa izindaba abantu abangaxhumana nazo, ukuthinta imizwa yabo, noma ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izimpikiswano zakho zihambisana nalokho izethameli ezikukhathalelayo kungenza umbono wakho ugculiseke.
• I-Logos (isikhalazo esinengqondo). Ama-logos asebenzisa ingqondo nesizathu ukuze akhe ukuphikisana okuphoqelelayo. Ukufaka idatha eyiqiniso, ukucabanga okucacile, nezimpikiswano ezihlelekile kusiza ukukholisa izethameli ngokusebenzisa isizathu nokunengqondo.

Indlela ngayinye ingasetshenziswa ngamasu ukuqinisa i-eseyi yakho ephikisanayo ngokunxenxa izici ezihlukene zenqubo yokuthatha izinqumo zabalaleli bakho. Ukuthola ukulingana phakathi kwalezi zindlela ngokuvamile kubangela izimpikiswano ezicacile neziphelele.

Izinhlobo zokuphikisana

Lapho wenza impikiswano ye-eseyi yakho ephikisanayo, kubalulekile ukukhetha isu elifanelana nesihloko sakho kanye nezethameli zakho. Amasu ahlukene akhanya ezimeni ezahlukene kanye nabantu abahlukene. Ngezansi kunethebula elihlukanisa izindlela ezintathu zakudala zokuphikisa - u-Toulmin, u-Rogerian, no-Aristotelian - enikeza ukubuka konke okusheshayo, ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani, nezimo lapho zingaba namandla kakhulu.

Ukungqubuzana isitayela	Incazelo	Isicelo	Usebenzisa Nini
I-Toulmin	Lena indlela enengqondo kakhulu encike kakhulu ebufakazini bokufakazela noma ukuphikisa impikiswano ngendaba eyinkimbinkimbi. Ingxabano ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: isimangalo (isiphetho), izizathu (ubufakazi), kanye newaranti (isixhumanisi phakathi kwesimangalo nezizathu).	Isetshenziselwa izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga impikiswano ecacile, esekelwe ebufakazini.	Kuhle ukubhekana nezihloko eziwubuqili ezidinga ama-agumenti aqinile, asekelwa iqiniso.
URogerian	Le ndlela ifuna ukuthola indawo efanayo phakathi kwezimpikiswano ezimbili eziphikisanayo ngokubona ubuqiniso bakho kokubili nokuhlonza amaqiniso nemiqondo evumelanayo.	Isetshenziselwa izihloko ezithinta inhliziyo lapho abantu benemibono ehluke kakhulu.	Kuyamukeleka ukusetshenziswa uma ukhuluma ngezihloko ezibucayi ngempela, lapho okubalulekile ukuthola okuthile wonke umuntu angavumelana ngakho.
Aristotelian	Imodeli yendabuko yokuphikisana, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Aristotelian” ngemuva kwesazi sefilosofi, inxusa izethameli ngemizwelo (ama-pathos), i-logic (ama-logo), noma igunya lesikhulumi (ethos).	Iwusizo ezindabeni lapho impendulo nokuxhumana kwezithameli kubalulekile.	Kuyafaneleka lapho impendulo kanye nombono wezilaleli kubaluleke kakhulu engxoxweni.

Ukukhetha indlela efanele yokwethula impikiswano yakho kungenza i-eseyi yakho ephikisanayo igqame. Ukunquma ukuthi uzosebenzisa yini izindlela ze-Toulmin, Rogerian, noma i-Aristotelian kuzoba nomthelela endleleni owethula ngayo iphuzu lakho, uhlanganyele neminye imibono, kanye nendlela abafundi abaxhumana ngayo nempikiswano yakho. Kubalulekile ukukhetha indlela engagcini nje ngokudlulisa umlayezo wakho, kodwa futhi ethinta abafundi bakho.

Ukuze ugcine impikiswano yakho nendatshana yakho igeleza kahle, buyekeza izigaba ezimayelana 'nokwakha nokuxhasa impikiswano yakho enkulu' kanye 'nokuhlanganisa imibono yochwepheshe kumpikiswano yakho'. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ugcine inhlanganisela eqinile yesitayela sakho sokungqubuzana esikhethiwe, ubufakazi obuqinile, nemibono yochwepheshe, okwenza indaba yakho ithandeke futhi ithembeke. Ukwengeza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitayela sakho sokungqubuzana osikhethile sihambisana namasu okubhala ngaphambilini kokuthi 'Imibono yokuvula: Amasu okubhala ngaphambilini ama-eseyi aphikisanayo' kuzokusiza ugcine imicabango yakho icacile futhi impikiswano yakho ihambisana futhi iphoqa.

Izinyathelo zokubhala indaba ephikisanayo

Ukwenza i-eseyi eqinile ephikisanayo kusho ukulungiselela impikiswano ephelele ngesihloko esithile. Nali umhlahlandlela onobungane wokuhamba nawe ezinyathelweni, uqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingxenye yendaba yakho iwusekela ngokuqinile umqondo wakho oyinhloko.

Okokuqala, ake sikhulume ngezinye zezinyathelo zokuqala ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukubhala. Zibandakanye kwezinye izivivinyo zangaphambi kokubhala. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ucije ukugxila kwakho futhi uthole iphuzu lakho elicacile, eliyinhloko, noma 'isimangalo.' Okulandelayo, yenza ucwaningo lwakho. Gxila esihlokweni sakho kanye nesimangalo sakho ukuze uqoqe bonke ubufakazi obusekelayo obudingayo.

Manje, indaba yakho kufanele ibe nezingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• Isingeniso. Yilapho utshela khona abafundi bakho ngesihloko sakho futhi usho ngokucacile impikiswano yakho eyinhloko noma isimangalo.
• Isigaba somzimba. Uzodinga okungenani ezimbili zalokhu. Isigaba ngasinye sizokwethula ubufakazi obusekela isimangalo sakho, ngasinye sihlanganisa iphuzu noma ucezu oluthile lobufakazi.
• Isiphetho. Lapha, uzofingqa ingxabano yakho bese uphinda isimangalo sakho, ugqamisa ukuthi kungani isikhundla sakho siqinile.

Ngaphambi kokufaka ipeni ephepheni (noma iminwe kokhiye!), kunezinto ezimbalwa ongacabanga ngazo. Nquma indlela yakho yokuphikisa. Uma ucabangela izethameli zakho nokuthi isihloko sakho siyini, khetha indlela yokubonisana efaneleka kakhulu.

Uma ususikhethile isihloko sakho, uthole isimangalo sakho esiyinhloko, waqoqa ubufakazi bakho obusekelayo, futhi wanquma ukuthi uzoyihlela kanjani impikiswano yakho, usulungele ukuqala ukubhala! Qiniseka ukuthi zonke izingxenye ze-eseyi yakho zixhuma kahle futhi zisekela impikiswano yakho eyinhloko.

Amathiphu okubhala indaba ephikisanayo

Ukubhala indaba ephikisayo enamandla kungase kubonakale kuluqili, kodwa ngamathiphu ambalwa alula, ungakha ucezu olunamandla futhi oluhloniphayo kukho konke ukubuka. Nansi indlela:

• Dlala ngesakhiwo. Awukho umthetho oqinile othi kufanele unamathele esakhiweni esithile sendatshana. Ungase uqale ngokukhuluma ngalokho olunye uhlangothi olukucabangayo, ubonise lapho benephutha khona, bese wethula eyakho imibono.
• Kugcine kunobungane. Khumbula, ukuphikisana nephuzu akusho ukuba mnene kulabo abangavumelani. Hlala unomusa, futhi ubonise lapho ezinye izimpikiswano zingase zingasukumi, kodwa gwema ukuba nokhahlo kakhulu noma ukuhlasela ngokuqondile eminye imibono.
• Cha “mina” ekuxabaneni. Zama ukugwema ukuthi “ngiyacabanga” noma “Ngiyakholwa.” Nakuba lena kuyimicabango yakho, ukugxila emaqinisweni nokuthi kungani enengqondo kuvame ukukholisa futhi kuhilela abafundi bakho ngokwengeziwe.
• Khuluma nabafundi bakho. Qiniseka ukuthi indaba yakho ikhuluma nezilaleli zakho, uziholele emicabangweni yakho futhi mhlawumbe uguqule imiqondo yazo, ngaphandle kokuphusha kanzima.
• Qinisekisa amaqiniso akho. Yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamaphuzu akho ngamaqiniso aqinile nezeluleko zochwepheshe, ukuze impikiswano yakho ime futhi ingantengi ngaphansi kwemibuzo.

Khumbula, ukuthi indaba ephikisayo enamandla ihlanganisa kahle umbono wakho nobufakazi obuqinile, iqinisekisa ukuthi impikiswano yakho inamandla kodwa ukhumbula ingxoxo ebanzi eqhubekayo mayelana nesihloko.

Isiphetho

Ukubhala indatshana enhle ephikisanayo akukulungiseleli nje kuphela ukuthi uphumelele ezifundweni kodwa nezinselelo zomhlaba wangempela. Lokhu akukhona nje ukuthola amamaki amahle kodwa futhi ukukusiza wenze amaphuzu aqinile ezimeni zomhlaba wangempela njengasemisebenzini kwezombusazwe, ukumaketha, noma imfundo. Ukwakha indaba ephikisayo eqinile akukhona nje ukutshela abantu lokho okucabangayo kodwa nokuqonda lokho abanye abakucabangayo bese ubaqondisa ukuthi bavumelane nawe, okufana nokwakha ibhuloho eliqinile lemibono elingamelana nezinselele. I-eseyi yakho kufanele iveze iphuzu lakho eliyinhloko ngendlela enesibindi futhi iqondise abafundi bakho endleleni ecacile nenengqondo ukuze bavumelane nawe. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usekilasini noma engxoxweni ejabulisayo ndawana thize, usebenzisa le mihlahlandlela, usukulungele ukubeka iphuzu lakho ngokuzethemba endabeni yakho elandelayo ephikisanayo ngendlela ecacile nekholisayo, kodwa enobungane nenhlonipho kweminye imibono. .