Izimfihlo zendlela yocwaningo: Umhlahlandlela ojulile

Yethula uhambo lwakho lwezemfundo ngalo mhlahlandlela ophelele wendlela yocwaningo. Njengoba uklanyelwe ngokukhethekile abafundi, lo mhlahlandlela wenza kube lula inqubo yokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu nolubalulekile. Funda ukuthi ungazikhetha kanjani izindlela ezifanele zocwaningo lwakho, kungaba ezekhwalithethivu, amanani, noma izindlela ezixubile futhi uqonde ama-nuances enza ucwaningo lwakho lukholweke futhi lube nomthelela. Lona umhlahlandlela wakho obalulekile wokuhlola kwezazi, okunikeza isiqondiso sesinyathelo nesinyathelo kuso sonke isigaba sephrojekthi yakho yocwaningo.

Incazelo yendlela yocwaningo

Ngamagama aqondile, umqondo wendlela yokwenza ucwaningo usebenza njengesu lesu lanoma yikuphi ukuhlola. Ishintsha ngokusekelwe emibuzweni ethile ucwaningo olufuna ukuyiphendula. Empeleni, indlela yocwaningo iyikhithi yamathuluzi ekhethiwe ukuze ungene endaweni ethile yokusesha.

Ukuze ukhethe indlela efanele, kufanele ucabangele izinto ozithakaselayo ocwaningweni lwakho kanye nohlobo kanye nohlobo lwedatha ohlela ukuyiqoqa futhi uyihlaziye.

Izinhlobo zendlela yocwaningo

Ukuzulazula endaweni yendlela yocwaningo kungaba nzima ngenxa yobuningi bezinketho ezitholakalayo. Nakuba izindlela eziyinhloko zivame ukugxila emasuni ekhwalithi, amanani, kanye nendlela exubile, ukuhlukahluka phakathi kwalezi zigaba eziyinhloko kuyanwebeka. Kubalulekile ukukhetha indlela eqondana kangcono nezinjongo zakho zocwaningo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlanganisa ukuhlaziya amathrendi ezinombolo, ukuhola ukuhlola okujulile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu, noma inhlanganisela yazo zombili izindlela.

Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizocubungula indlela ngayinye yalezi zindlela eziwumongo: ikhwalithi, inani, kanye nezindlela ezixubile. Sizohlola izinhlobo zabo ezincane futhi sinikeze isiqondiso sokuthi ungazisebenzisa nini futhi kanjani emizamweni yakho yocwaningo.

Indlela yokwenza ucwaningo oluningi

Ucwaningo lwezibalo luyindlela ehamba phambili egxile kakhulu ekuqoqeni nasekuhlaziyeni idatha yezinombolo. Le nqubo yocwaningo isetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene, ehlanganisa kodwa engagcini nje kwezomnotho, ezentengiso, ezengqondo, nempilo yomphakathi. Besebenzisa amathuluzi ezibalo ukuhumusha idatha, abacwaningi bavamise ukusebenzisa izindlela ezihlelekile njengezinhlolovo noma ukuhlola okulawulwayo ukuze baqoqe ulwazi lwabo. Kulesi sigaba, sihlose ukuchaza izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zocwaningo lobuningi: Oluchazayo kanye Nokuhlola.

	Ucwaningo oluchazayo lwenani	Ucwaningo lobuningi bokuhlola
Inhloso	Ukuchaza into ethile ngedatha elinganisekayo.	Ukufakazela ubudlelwano bembangela-nomphumela ngedatha elinganisekayo.
Umbuzo oyisibonelo	Bangaki abantu besifazane abavotele umongameli othile?	Ingabe ukusebenzisa indlela entsha yokufundisa kuyawathuthukisa amaphuzu okuhlolwa kwabafundi?
Isinyathelo sokuqala	Iqala ngokuqoqwa kwedatha ehlelekile kunokwakheka kwe-hypothesis.	Iqala ngesitatimende esithile esibikezelayo esibeka inkambo yocwaningo (i-hypothesis).
I-hypothesis	I-hypothesis ngokuvamile ayisungulwa ekuqaleni.	I-hypothesis echazwe kahle isetshenziselwa ukwenza isibikezelo esithile mayelana nomphumela wocwaningo.
eziguquguqukayo	N / A (akusebenzi)	Ukuhluka okuzimele (indlela yokufundisa), Ukuhluka okuncikile (amaphuzu okuhlolwa kwabafundi)
Inqubo	N / A (akusebenzi)	Ukudizayina nokwenziwa kokuhlolwa ukuze kusetshenziswe okuhlukile okuzimele nokubala umthelela wako kokuhluka okuncikile.
Note	Idatha iyakhokhiswa futhi ifinyezwe ukuze ichazwe.	Idatha yezinombolo eqoqiwe iyahlaziywa ukuze kuhlolwe i-hypothesis futhi kuqinisekiswe noma kuphikisane nokuba semthethweni kwayo.

Ucwaningo oluchazayo nolokuhlola lusebenza njengezimiso ezibalulekile emkhakheni wendlela yokwenza ucwaningo. Ngamunye unamandla ahlukile kanye nezicelo. Ucwaningo oluchazayo lunikeza izithombe ezibalulekile zezenzakalo ezithile, ezilungele uphenyo lokuqala noma izinhlolovo ezinkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo Lokuhlola lucwila ngokujulile, luhlola izinto eziguqukayo zembangela-nomphumela kuzilungiselelo ezilawulwayo.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu kokubili kufanele kuhambisane nezinjongo zakho zocwaningo, noma ngabe ufisa ukuchaza isimo noma ukuhlola umbono othile. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili kungaqondisa abacwaningi ekuklameni izifundo eziphumelela kakhulu nezinenjongo.

Indlela yocwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu

Ucwaningo lwekhwalithi lugxile ekuqoqweni nasekuhlaziyweni kwedatha engeyona inombolo njengamagama abhaliwe noma akhulunywayo. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlolisisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu okuphilayo futhi ijwayelekile emikhakheni efana ne-anthropology yezenhlalo, isayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu, kanye nesayikholoji. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuqoqwa kwedatha ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izingxoxo, ukubhekwa kwabahlanganyeli, nokuhlaziywa kombhalo. Ngezansi, siveza izinhlobo ezintathu ezibalulekile zocwaningo lwekhwalithi: I-Ethnography, ucwaningo olulandisayo, kanye nezifundo eziyisibonelo.

	I-Ethnography	Ucwaningo olulandisayo	eziyimpumelelo
Inhloso	Ukufunda ngamasiko nobudlelwano bomphakathi ngesitatimende esiqondile.	Ukuqonda okuhlangenwe nakho okuphilayo kwabantu abathile ngezindaba zabo zempilo.	Ukuphenya isenzeko esithile ngaphakathi komongo othize.
Umthombo wedatha oyinhloko	Amanothi enkambu anemininingwane avela ekuhlolweni okujulile.	Izingxoxo ezinde nabantu ngabanye.	Izindlela eziningi, ezihlanganisa izitatimende nezingxoxo.
Abacwaningi abajwayelekile	Izazi ze-Ethnographers	Abacwaningi abasezingeni eliphezulu bagxile ekulandiseni.	Abacwaningi abafanelekayo bagxile ezintweni ezithile ngaphakathi kwezimo ezihlukile.
Isibonelo	Ukufunda ngomthelela wenkolo emphakathini.	Ukuqopha izindaba zokuphila zabasinde enhlekeleleni yemvelo.	Ukucwaninga ukuthi inhlekelele yemvelo ithinta kanjani isikole samabanga aphansi.

Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo zocwaningo lwekhwalithi inezinjongo zayo, izindlela, kanye nezicelo. I-Ethnography ihlose ukuhlola ukuziphatha kwamasiko, ucwaningo lokulandisa lufuna ukuqonda isipiliyoni somuntu ngamunye, futhi Izibonelo zezifundo zihlose ukuqonda izenzakalo kuzilungiselelo ezithile. Lezi zindlela zinikeza ukuqonda okucebile, okungokwengqikithi okubalulekile ekuqondeni ubunkimbinkimbi bokuziphatha komuntu kanye nezimo zomphakathi.

Ucwaningo lwendlela exubile

Ucwaningo lwezindlela ezixubile luhlanganisa amasu ekhwalithi nenani ukuze anikeze umbono obanzi wenkinga yocwaningo. Isibonelo, ocwaningweni oluhlola umthelela wesistimu entsha yezokuthutha zomphakathi emphakathini, abacwaningi bangasebenzisa isu elinezinhlangothi eziningi:

• Izindlela zokulinganisa. Ukuhlola kungenziwa ukuze kuqoqwe idatha yamamethrikhi njengamazinga okusetshenziswa, izikhathi zohambo lokuya emsebenzini, kanye nokufinyeleleka kukonke.
• Izindlela zokufaneleka. Izingxoxo zeqembu okugxilwe kuzo noma izingxoxo zomuntu oyedwa zingenziwa namalungu omphakathi ukuze kukalwe ngokwaneliseka kwawo, ukukhathazeka, noma izincomo mayelana nohlelo olusha.

Le ndlela edidiyelwe idume kakhulu emikhakheni efana nokuhlela amadolobha, inqubomgomo yomphakathi, nesayensi yezenhlalo.

Lapho bethatha isinqumo sendlela yocwaningo, abacwaningi kufanele bacabangele izinjongo eziyinhloko zocwaningo lwabo:

• Uma ucwaningo lufuna ukuqoqa idatha yezinombolo ukuze kuhlaziywe izibalo, a indlela yokulinganisa kungaba efaneleka kakhulu.
• Uma umgomo uwukuqonda okuhlangenwe nakho okucabangelayo, imibono, noma izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi, a indlela yekhwalithi kufanele kwamukelwe.
• Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuphelele okwengeziwe kwenkinga yocwaningo, a izindlela ezixubile kungaba ephumelela kakhulu.

Ngokuxhumanisa indlela yabo yokusebenza nezinjongo zabo zocwaningo, abacwaningi bangaqoqa idatha eqondiswe kakhulu nenenjongo.

Izingxenye eziyi-9 zendlela yocwaningo

Ngemva kokuba abacwaningi sebenqume ukuthi iyiphi indlela yocwaningo eqondana kangcono nezinjongo zocwaningo lwabo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuveza izingxenye zayo ngazinye. Lezi zingxenye—ezihlanganisa yonke into kusukela kungani zikhethe indlela ethile kuya ezicini zokuziphatha okufanele zicatshangelwe—akuzona nje izindawo zokuhlola zenqubo. Asebenza njengokuthunyelwe okuhlinzeka ngesakhiwo esiphelele nesinengqondo emsebenzini wocwaningo. I-elementi ngayinye inesethi yayo yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokucatshangelwa, okwenza kube semqoka kubacwaningi ukuthi babhekane nakho kahle ukuze banikeze ucwaningo olugcwele, olusobala, nolunengqondo yokuziphatha.

1. Ukucabanga ngemuva kokukhetha indlela yokusebenza

Ingxenye yokuqala nebalulekile yendlela yocwaningo ukufaneleka kwendlela ekhethiwe. Abacwaningi kufanele bacubungule ngokucophelela isizathu sendlela abayikhethile ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ihambisana nezinjongo zocwaningo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Lapho bekhetha indlela yocwaningo yocwaningo emibhalweni, abacwaningi kumele baqale bachaze imigomo yabo yocwaningo. Bangase babe nentshisekelo yokuhlola ukuthi inoveli yomlando ikubonisa ngokunembe kangakanani okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kwabantu ngabanye ngaleso sikhathi. Kulokhu, ukwenza izingxoxo ezifanelekayo nabantu abaphila phakathi nezenzakalo ezichazwe encwadini kungase kube indlela ephumelelayo yokuhlangabezana nezinjongo zabo.
• Okunye, uma inhloso kuwukuqonda umbono womphakathi wombhalo ngesikhathi ushicilelwa, umcwaningi angathola imininingwane ebalulekile ngokubuyekeza izinto ezigcina umlando, njengeziqephu zendatshana zamaphephandaba noma ukubuyekezwa kwesimanje kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

2. Ukuthola indawo yocwaningo

Esinye isici esibalulekile ekuklameni indlela yocwaningo ukukhomba indawo yocwaningo, ekhomba ukuthi imisebenzi yocwaningo yangempela izokwenzeka kuphi. Ukulungiselelwa akugcini nje ngokuba nomthelela ekuhlelekeni kocwaningo kodwa kungase kuthinte ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwedatha eqoqiwe.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ocwaningweni lwekhwalithi yocwaningo olusebenzisa izinhlolokhono, abacwaningi akumele bakhethe indawo kuphela kodwa nesikhathi salezi zingxoxo. Izinketho zisukela ehhovisi elisemthethweni kuya endaweni yasekhaya esondelene kakhulu, ngayinye inomthelela wayo ekuqoqweni kwedatha. Isikhathi singase futhi sishintshwe ngokuya ngezinga lokutholakala kanye nokunethezeka kwabahlanganyeli. Kukhona futhi ukucatshangelwa okwengeziwe kwenhlolokhono yekhwalithi, njenge:

• Umsindo neziphazamiso. Qinisekisa ukuthi isilungiselelo sithulile futhi asinazo iziphazamiso kubo bobabili obuza imibuzo noxoxwa naye.
• Imishini yokuqopha. Nquma kusengaphambili ukuthi hlobo luni lwesisetshenziswa esizosetshenziswa ukurekhoda inhlolokhono nokuthi izosethwa kanjani endaweni ekhethiwe.

• Kulabo abenza inhlolovo yobuningi, izinketho zisukela kuhlu lwemibuzo oluku-inthanethi olufinyeleleka kusuka noma yikuphi ukuya kuzinhlolovo ezisekelwe ephepheni ezilawulwa ezindaweni ezithile ezifana namakilasi noma izilungiselelo zebhizinisi. Lapho ukala lezi zinketho, izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe zihlanganisa:

• Ukufinyelela kanye nezibalo zabantu. Izinhlolovo eziku-inthanethi zingafinyelela okubanzi, kodwa futhi zingase zethule ukuchema uma amaqembu athile ezibalo zabantu mancane amathuba okuthola i-inthanethi.
• Amazinga okuphendula. Isilungiselelo singathonya ukuthi bangaki abantu abaqeda inhlolovo. Isibonelo, izinhlolovo zomuntu siqu zingase zibangele amazinga aphezulu wokuqeda.

Lapho ukhetha indawo yocwaningo, kubalulekile ukuphinde uvakashele izinjongo eziyinhloko zocwaningo. Isibonelo, uma umcwaningi efuna ukujula kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu okuhlobene nesenzakalo esingokomlando, ukuthwebula amasignali angasho amazwi afana nesimo sobuso kanye nomzimba kungabaluleka. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza inhlolokhono endaweni lapho ababambiqhaza bazizwa bekhululekile, njengasezindlini zabo, kungakhiqiza idatha ecebile, enezici eziningi.

3. Imibandela yokukhetha umhlanganyeli

Enye ingxenye ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwendlela yocwaningo inqubo yokuhlonza nokukhetha ababambiqhaza bocwaningo. Ababambiqhaza abakhethiwe kufanele bawele phakathi kwezibalo zabantu noma isigaba esibalulekile ekuphenduleni umbuzo wocwaningo noma ukuhlangabezana nezinjongo zocwaningo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Uma umcwaningi wekhwalithi ephenya imithelela yempilo yengqondo yomsebenzi oqhelile, kungaba kuhle ukuthi afake abasebenzi abashintshele kuzilungiselelo zokusebenza ezikude. Imibandela yokukhetha ingase ihlanganise izici ezihlukahlukene, njengohlobo lomsebenzi, iminyaka, ubulili, neminyaka yesipiliyoni somsebenzi.
• Kwezinye izimo, abacwaningi bangase bangadingi ukuqasha abahlanganyeli. Isibonelo, uma ucwaningo lubandakanya ukuhlaziya izinkulumo zomphakathi zosopolitiki, idatha isivele ikhona futhi asikho isidingo sokuqashwa kwabahlanganyeli.

Ngokuya ngezinjongo ezithile kanye nohlobo lomklamo wocwaningo, amasu ahlukahlukene okukhethwa kwabahlanganyeli angase adingeke:

• Ucwaningo oluningi. Ocwaningweni olugxile kudatha yezinombolo, indlela yesampula engahleliwe ingase ifaneleke ukuze kuqinisekiswe isampula elimele nabahlukahlukene labahlanganyeli.
• Abantu abakhethekile. Ezimeni lapho ucwaningo luhlose ukutadisha iqembu elikhethekile, elifana nomakadebona bezempi abane-PTSD (i-Post-traumatic stress disorder), ukukhetha okungahleliwe kungase kungafaneleki ngenxa yezici eziyingqayizivele zephuli yombambi qhaza.

Kuzo zonke izimo, kubalulekile ukuthi abacwaningi basho ngokusobala ukuthi ababambiqhaza bakhethwa kanjani futhi banikeze izizathu zale ndlela yokukhetha.

Le ndlela yokucophelela ekukhethweni kwabahlanganyeli ithuthukisa ukufaneleka nokuthembeka kocwaningo, yenze okutholakele kusebenze kakhulu futhi kwethembeke.

4. Ukugunyazwa kokuziphatha kanye nokucatshangelwa

Ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha akufanele neze kube ukucatshangelwa kwamuva kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wocwaningo. Ukuhlinzeka ngobuqotho bezimiso zocwaningo akuvikeli nje kuphela izifundo kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza kwemiphumela yocwaningo. Ngezansi ezinye zezindawo ezibalulekile zokucatshangelwa kokuziphatha:

• Buyekeza ukugunyazwa kwebhodi. Ocwaningweni oluphathelene nezifundo zabantu, ukuthola imvume yezimiso zokuziphatha ebhodini lokubuyekeza ngokuvamile kuyadingeka.
• Ubumfihlo bedatha. Ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha nakho kuyasebenza kuzimo ezinjengobumfihlo bedatha ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha yesibili.
• Ukungqubuzana kwesithakazelo. Ukuqaphela ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo okungaba khona kungomunye umthwalo wemfanelo wokuziphatha.
• Usekelo olunolwazi. Abacwaningi kufanele banikeze imininingwane ngezinqubo zokuthola imvume enolwazi kubahlanganyeli.
• Ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuziphatha. Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi izingozi zesimilo zincishiswe kanjani, okungase kuhlanganise izinqubo kanye nemithethonqubo yezinkinga zokuziphatha.

Ukunaka kakhulu izimiso zokuziphatha kuyo yonke inqubo yocwaningo kubalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho nokwethembeka kocwaningo.

5. Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokwethembeka ocwaningweni

Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokwethembeka kwendlela yocwaningo kubalulekile. Ukunemba kubhekisela ekutheni lokho okutholwe ocwaningweni kusondele kangakanani eqinisweni langempela, kuyilapho ukwethembeka kuyitemu elibanzi elihlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene zekhwalithi yocwaningo, njengokwethembeka, ukudluliswa, ukwethembeka, nokuqinisekisa.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ocwaningweni olusezingeni eliphezulu olubandakanya izingxoxo, umuntu kufanele abuze: Ingabe imibuzo yenhlolokhono ihlale iveza uhlobo olufanayo lolwazi oluvela kubahlanganyeli abahlukene, ekhombisa ukwethembeka? Ingabe le mibuzo iyasebenza ekukaleni lokho okuhloswe ukukukala? Ocwaningweni lobuningi, abacwaningi bavame ukubuza ukuthi izikali zabo zokulinganisa noma amathuluzi aye aqinisekiswa yini ngaphambilini ezimweni ezifanayo zocwaningo.

Abacwaningi kufanele baveze ngokucacile ukuthi bahlela kanjani ukuqinisekisa kokubili ukunemba nokwethembeka ocwaningweni lwabo, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezinjengokuhlolwa komshayeli, ukubuyekezwa kochwepheshe, ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo, noma ezinye izindlela.

6. Ukukhetha amathuluzi okuqoqa idatha

Ekuthuthukiseni indlela yocwaningo, abacwaningi kufanele benze izinqumo ezibucayi mayelana nezinhlobo zedatha abayidingayo, okubuye kube nomthelela ekukhetheni kwabo phakathi kwemithombo eyinhloko neyesibili.

• Imithombo eyinhloko. Lena imithombo yolwazi lwangempela oluwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuphenduleni imibuzo yocwaningo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izingxoxo zekhwalithi kanye nezinhlolovo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezifundweni zobuningi.
• Imithombo yesibili. Lena imithombo yamasekeni enikeza idatha esuselwe ocwaningweni lomunye umuntu noma okuhlangenwe nakho. Banganikeza umongo obanzi futhi bafake izindatshana zezifundo nezincwadi zokufunda.

Uma uhlobo lomthombo wedatha selukhethiwe, umsebenzi olandelayo ukukhetha amathuluzi afanele wokuqoqa idatha:

• Izinsimbi zokufaneleka. Ocwaningweni lwekhwalithi, izindlela ezifana nezingxoxo zingakhethwa. 'I-interview protocol,' ehlanganisa uhlu lwemibuzo nesikripthi senhlolokhono, isebenza njengethuluzi lokuqoqa idatha.
• Ukuhlaziya izincwadi. Ezifundweni ezigxile ekuhlaziyweni kwemibhalo, umbhalo oyinhloko noma imibhalo eminingi ekhanyisa ucwaningo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengomthombo oyinhloko wedatha. Idatha yesibili ingafaka imithombo yomlando njengezibuyekezo noma izindatshana ezishicilelwe ngesikhathi sokubhalwa kombhalo.

Ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwemithombo yedatha namathuluzi okuqoqwa kubalulekile ekulungiseleleni indlela yocwaningo eqinile. Izinketho zakho kufanele zihambisane eduze nemibuzo yocwaningo kanye nezinjongo zokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso nokuthembeka kokutholakele.

7. Izindlela zokuhlaziya idatha

Esinye isici esibalulekile sendlela yocwaningo izindlela zokuhlaziya idatha. Lokhu kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwedatha eqoqwe kanye nezinjongo ezibekwe umcwaningi. Noma ngabe usebenza ngedatha yekhwalithi noma yobuningi, indlela yakho yokuyitolika izohluka kakhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Idatha yekhwalithi. Abacwaningi bavame "ukukhodi" idatha yekhwalithi ngokwengqikithi, befuna ukuhlonza imiqondo emikhulu noma amaphethini ngaphakathi kolwazi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukubhala ngekhodi imibhalo yenhlolokhono ukuze uthole amatimu avelayo noma imizwa.
• Idatha yobuningi. Ngokuphambene, idatha yobuningi ngokuvamile idinga izindlela zezibalo zokuhlaziya. Abacwaningi bavame ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezibukwayo ezifana namashadi namagrafu ukuze babonise amathrendi nobudlelwano kudatha.
• Ucwaningo lwemibhalo. Uma kugxilwe ezifundweni zemibhalo, ukuhlaziya idatha kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlola kwetimu nokuhlola imithombo yesibili ephawula ngombhalo okukhulunywa ngawo.

Ngemva kokuchaza indlela yakho yokuhlaziya idatha, ungase ufise ukuphetha lesi sigaba ngokugqamisa ukuthi izindlela ezikhethiwe zihambisana kanjani nemibuzo nezinjongo zocwaningo lwakho, ngaleyo ndlela uqinisekise ubuqotho nokuba semthethweni kwemiphumela yakho.

8. Ukuqaphela ukulinganiselwa kocwaningo

Njengesinyathelo esicishe sibe sesiphetho endleleni yocwaningo, abacwaningi kufanele baxoxe ngokukhululekile ngezithiyo kanye nemikhawulo ekhona ocwaningweni lwabo, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha okuhambisana nakho. Awukho umzamo wocwaningo ongabhekana ngokugcwele nazo zonke izici zesifundo; ngakho-ke, zonke izifundo zinemikhawulo engokwemvelo:

• Izinkinga zezimali nesikhathi. Isibonelo, imikhawulo yebhajethi noma imikhawulo yesikhathi ingaba nomthelela enanini labahlanganyeli umcwaningi angabafaka.
• Ububanzi besifundo. Imikhawulo ingase futhi ithinte ububanzi bocwaningo, okuhlanganisa izihloko noma imibuzo engakwazi ukubhekwana nayo.
• Iziqondiso zokuziphatha. Kubalulekile ukusho ngokusobala izindinganiso zokuziphatha ezilandelwa ocwaningweni, siqinisekisa ukuthi izimiso zokuziphatha ezifanele zahlonzwa futhi zalandelwa.

Ukuqaphela le mikhawulo kanye nokucatshangelwa kokuziphatha kubalulekile ekudaleni indlela yocwaningo ecacile nezaziyo kanye nephepha.

Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezemfundo ngamathuluzi ethu akhethekile

Ohambweni locwaningo lwezemfundo, isinyathelo sokugcina sibandakanya ukucwengwa nokuqinisekisa umsebenzi wakho. Inkundla yethu inikeza izinsizakalo eziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa nokuvikela imizamo yakho yocwaningo:

• Ukutholwa nokususwa kokukopela okusha. Okwethenjwayo emhlabeni jikelele okuhlola ukukopela iqinisekisa okwangempela kocwaningo lwakho, inamathela ezindinganisweni eziphakeme kakhulu zemfundo. Ngaphandle kokutholwa, isevisi yethu iphinde inikeze nezixazululo ukususwa kokukopela, ekuqondisayo ekuchazeni kabusha noma ekuhleleni kabusha okuqukethwe kuyilapho ugcina ingqikithi yomsebenzi wakho.
• Usizo lokuhlola ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe. Guqula iphepha lakho lokucwaninga libe ubuciko obuhle obucwebezelayo nochwepheshe bethu isevisi yokufunda. Ochwepheshe bethu bazolungisa ukubhala kwakho ukuze kucace kakhulu, kuhambisane, kanye nomthelela, baqinisekise ukuthi ucwaningo lwakho lukhulunywa ngalo ngempumelelo kakhulu.

Lawa mathuluzi abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ucwaningo lwakho aluhambisani nezindinganiso zezemfundo kuphela kodwa futhi luyakhanya ngokuya ngokucaca nokunemba. bhalisela futhi uzwe ukuthi inkundla yethu ingathuthukisa kanjani kakhulu ikhwalithi yemizamo yakho yokufunda.

Ukubaluleka kwendlela yocwaningo eyakhiwe kahle

Indlela yocwaningo idlala indima enkulu ekuhleleni inqubo yocwaningo kanye nokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso nokusebenza kwayo. Le ndlela yocwaningo isebenza njengomhlahlandlela, inikeza imiyalelo ecacile yaso sonke isinyathelo senqubo yocwaningo, okuhlanganisa nokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, ukuqoqwa kwedatha, nokuhlaziya. Indlela yocwaningo eyenziwe ngobunono ayinamathele kuphela ezimisweni zokuziphatha kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza kocwaningo.

Ngale komsebenzi wayo obalulekile ekuqondiseni inqubo yocwaningo, indlela yocwaningo inezinhloso ezimbili kubafundi nakubacwaningi bakusasa:

• Ukuhlola ukuhambisana. Ukufaka incazelo emfushane yendlela yocwaningo ku-abstract kusiza abanye abacwaningi babone ngokushesha ukuthi ucwaningo luyahambisana yini nalokho abakufundayo.
• Indlela yokwenza izinto obala. Ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane eningiliziwe yendlela yocwaningo esigabeni esizinikele sephepha kuvumela abafundi ukuthi bathole ukuqonda okujulile kwezindlela namasu asetshenzisiwe.

Lapho wethula indlela yocwaningo ku-abstract, kubalulekile ukumboza izici ezibalulekile:

• Uhlobo locwaningo kanye nokulungiswa kwalo
• Isilungiselelo socwaningo nabahlanganyeli
• Izinqubo zokuqoqa imininingwane
• Amasu okuhlaziya idatha
• Imikhawulo yocwaningo

Ngokunikeza lesi sifinyezo esifushane ku-abstract, usiza abafundi abazofunda ngokushesha baqonde ukwakheka kocwaningo lwakho, kube nomthelela wokuthi bazoqhubeka yini nokufunda iphepha. Isigaba esilandelayo, esinemininingwane eminingi 'yeNdlela Yocwaningo' kufanele silandele, sichaza ingxenye ngayinye yendlela yokusebenza ngokujula okukhulu.

Isibonelo sendlela yocwaningo

Izindlela zokucwaninga zisebenza njengomgogodla wanoma yimuphi uphenyo lwezazi, zinikeza indlela ehlelekile yokuphenya imibuzo nezinkinga. Ocwaningweni lwekhwalithi, izindlela zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha kuhambisana nezinjongo zocwaningo. Ukukhombisa kangcono ukuthi indlela yocwaningo ingachazwa kanjani ocwaningweni, ake sibheke isibonelo esigxile ekuphenyeni imithelela yempilo yengqondo yomsebenzi okude ngesikhathi sobhadane lwe-Covid-19.

Ngokwesibonelo:

Isiphetho

Iqhaza lendlela yocwaningo eklanywe kahle angeke yeqiswe. Isebenza njengebalazwe lomgwaqo, inikeza kokubili umcwaningi kanye nomfundi umhlahlandlela onokwethenjelwa wokuklama kocwaningo, izinjongo, nokuba semthethweni. Lo mhlahlandlela ukuhambisa endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yendlela yocwaningo, unikeza imininingwane ebalulekile yokuthi ungazihlanganisa kanjani izindlela zakho nezinjongo zocwaningo lwakho. Ukwenza kanjalo, akuqinisekisi nje kuphela ukufaneleka nokwethembeka kocwaningo lwakho kodwa futhi kunomthelela emthelela walo nasekusebenziseni izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kanye nomphakathi wezemfundo obanzi.