Ukuphumelela ekuhlolweni komlomo: Kusukela ekulungiseleleni ukuya ekusebenzeni

Kungani abanye abafundi bephumelela ezivivinyweni zomlomo kuyilapho abanye bedonsa kanzima? Ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa komlomo kuhilela okungaphezu kokwazi indaba; kudinga amakhono okuxhumana abukhali kanye nokulungiselela amasu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhekene nokuhlolwa okubalulekile kolimi noma ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe, ukuqonda indlela yokubeka imicabango yakho ngokucacile nangokuzethemba kubalulekile. Lo mhlahlandlela ungena emasu asebenzayo empumelelo yokuhlolwa komlomo, kusukela ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe kuye ekuzulazuleni okuhlukile kwamasiko.

Hlanganyela nathi njengoba sihlola ukuthi ungakuguqula kanjani ukulungiselela kwakho kube ukusebenza kwezinga eliphezulu, siqinisekisa ukuthi awugcini nje ngokuphumelela kodwa futhi uyagqama kunoma yisiphi isilungiselelo sokuhlolwa komlomo.

Iyini i-Oral Exam?

Ukuhlolwa komlomo, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-viva noma i-viva voce, ukuhlolwa okusebenzisanayo lapho amakhandidethi kufanele abonise ngomlomo ulwazi lwawo ngendawo yesifundo esithile. Ngokungafani nezivivinyo ezibhalwayo, izivivinyo zomlomo ziyasebenzisana, ezihilela ingxoxo eqondile nomhloli oyedwa noma ngaphezulu. Le fomethi ivumela abahloli ukuthi bahlole ngokujulile ukuqonda kohlolwayo futhi bahlole ikhono labo lokubeka imibono ngokucacile nangempumelelo.

Ukuhambisana kuzimo zezemfundo nezomsebenzi

Ezilungiselelweni zezemfundo, izivivinyo zomlomo zibalulekile emikhakheni ezuzayo ekukhulumeni ngamazwi, njengezifundo zolimi, izincwadi, umlando, nobuciko. Lezi zivivinyo azihloli nje kuphela ulwazi lweqiniso lomfundi kodwa futhi nokucabanga kwakhe okujulile, ukuphikisana okuthonyayo, kanye nekhono lokuhlanganyela enkulumweni yezazi, okubenza babaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni ikhono lezilimi zakwamanye amazwe noma amakhono okuhumusha.

Ngokomsebenzi, izivivinyo zomlomo zibalulekile emikhakheni edinga ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nolwazi lochwepheshe. Isibonelo, abafundi bezomthetho bangase badinge ukukhombisa amakhono abo okuphikisa enkantolo ye-moot, kuyilapho abafundi bezokwelapha kufanele babonise ukuqonda kokuxilonga ekusebenzisaneni kwesiguli. Ngokufanayo, izinhlelo eziningi zokunikeza izitifiketi kanye nezingxoxo zomsebenzi zisebenzisa izivivinyo zomlomo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abazobhapathizwa banamakhono adingekayo okuxhumana ngamazwi kanye nobuchwepheshe obuchwepheshile.

Kuzo zombili izimo zemfundo nezobuchwepheshe, izivivinyo zomlomo azisizi nje kuphela ukusetha ulwazi namakhono athile kodwa Kuzo zombili izimo zezemfundo nezomsebenzi, izivivinyo zomlomo azihloli nje kuphela ulwazi oluthile namakhono kodwa futhi zihlola ikhono lokukhuluma ngokucatshangelwayo nangokucacile, okuwenza abe amathuluzi abalulekile okusebenza. izinhlangano zemfundo nezobuchwepheshe eziqinisekisa ikhono.

Amasu okulungiselela izivivinyo zomlomo

Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa komlomo kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokuqonda indaba; kudinga ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kolwazi lwakho ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Amasu ashiwo ngezansi aklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukulungela kwakho ngokugxila ezicini ezibalulekile zokuhlolwa komlomo, akusiza ukuthi uxhumane ngokuphumelelayo nangokuzethemba:

• Qonda ifomethi yokuhlolwa. Zijwayeze nefomethi yokuhlolwa komlomo, okuhlanganisa ukuthi uzohlangana nama-monologue, izingxoxo, noma izingxenye ezisebenzisanayo. Ukwazi lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ulungise ukulungiselela kwakho izitayela zokuxhumana ezilindelekile.
• Prakthiza ukukhuluma. Zibandakanye ezindaweni zokuhlolwa ezilingisayo ukuze wakhe ukunethezeka kanye nekhono ezinhlotsheni ezidingekayo zokuxhumana. Lo mkhuba ubalulekile ukuze ucije izimpendulo zakho zomlomo futhi uzivumelanise nesimo esiguquguqukayo sezivivinyo zomlomo.
• Buyekeza izinto ezibalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi uyayiqonda imiqondo ebalulekile namaqiniso ahlobene nokuhlolwa kwakho izihloko. Sebenzisa amathuluzi afana nama-flashcards, izifinyezo, nemidwebo ukuze usekele inkumbulo yakho futhi ujulise ukuqonda kwakho.
• Thuthukisa amasu okuphendula imibuzo. Gxila ekuhleleni izimpendulo ezicacile nezimfishane zemibuzo yokuhlolwa okungenzeka. Ukuthuthukisa leli khono kubalulekile ukuze udlulisele imibono yakho ngempumelelo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komlomo.
• Funa impendulo. Thola impendulo ngamakhono akho okukhuluma kothisha noma kontanga. Le mpendulo ibalulekile ekuhlonzeni izindawo ongazithuthukisa futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwakho kokuxhumana.
• Amasu okuphumula. Sebenzisa izindlela zokuphefumula ezijulile noma zokucabanga ukuze ulawule ingcindezi ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ukugcina ingqondo ezolile kuyisihluthulelo sokucabanga okucacile kanye nokukhulumisana okuphumelelayo.

Lawa masu ayisisekelo kunoma yikuphi ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa komlomo, akusiza ukuthi usondele ekuhloleni kwakho ngokuzethemba kanye nesethi yamakhono ehlanganiswe kahle.

Amazinga wolimi we-CEFR nezivivinyo zomlomo

Ukuqonda i I-Common European Framework of Reference for Languages ​​(CEFR) kubalulekile kubafundi abalungiselela ukuhlolwa kwamakhono olimi. Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhono abalulekile namathiphu okulungiselela weleveli ngayinye:

• I-A1 ukuya ku-A2 (umsebenzisi oyisisekelo). Phatha ukusebenzelana okuyisisekelo usebenzisa ulimi olulula, ugxile ezindleleni zansuku zonke, ulwazi lomuntu siqu, noma imisebenzi ejwayelekile. Qinisa uhlelo lwakho lolimi oluyisisekelo kanye nesilulumagama, bese uhlanganyela njalo ezingxoxweni ezilula.
• I-B1 ukuya ku-B2 (umsebenzisi ozimele). Zibandakanye ekusetshenzisweni kolimi okuyinkimbinkimbi, njengokuxoxa ngezimo zohambo, ukuchaza okuhlangenwe nakho, nokuveza imibono. Nweba ulwazimagama lwakho futhi uhlanganyele ezingxoxweni ezikubekela inselelo yokuvikela umbono wakho futhi uqagele ngemiphumela ehlukahlukene.
• I-C1 kuya ku-C2 (umsebenzisi onolwazi). Khuluma ngokushelelayo nangokuzenzakalelayo. Kufanele ukwazi ukuxoxa ngezihloko eziningi ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa nemibono engacacile nezindawo ezikhethekile, usebenzisa ulimi olunemininingwane noluyinkimbinkimbi. Gxila ekulungiseni ukunemba kolimi lwakho nasekuvezeni imibono eyinkimbinkimbi ngokunembile.

Ukuqonda okulindelwe ngumhloli esigabeni ngasinye solwazi lolimi akusizi nje kuphela ekulungiseleleni ngempumelelo kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukukhathazeka ngokucacisa lokho okulindelekile. Lokhu kulungiselelwa okuhlosiwe kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza kahle ezivivinyweni zomlomo.

Ukucatshangelwa kwamasiko ezivivinyweni zomlomo

Ukwazi isihloko kubalulekile, kodwa kubantu abangebona abomdabu, ukuqonda izici ezihlukahlukene zamasiko olimi kanye nesifunda esibandakanyeka ezivivinyweni zomlomo kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Lo mehluko wamasiko umthelela kakhulu okuqukethwe yimibuzo kanye nokulindelwe ukuthi izimpendulo zidluliswa kanjani.

Kungani kubalulekile ukuqwashisa ngamasiko

Izinkomba zamasiko, izisho, nezinkambiso ezingacacile ziba nomthelela omkhulu ezivivinyweni zolwazi lolimi. Ukuchema kwamasiko komhloli kungase kube nomthelela ekuchazeni kwabo izimpendulo zakho, kugcizelele isidingo sokuzilungiselela ngokuphelele ekuqwashiseni ngamasiko. Leli khono lidlulela ngalé kokwazi nje kolimi; kubandakanya ukuqonda isimo samasiko esilolonga indlela imibuzo eyakhiwe ngayo nezimpendulo zihlolwa.

Amasu okuzulazula kumanuances amasiko

• Ukuqeqeshwa kokuzwela kwamasiko. Zibandakanye ezifundweni ezisemthethweni noma ukuzihlola ngokuziqondisa usebenzisa abezindaba, amafilimu, nemibhalo ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nemikhuba namagugu amasiko. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kunikeza abazobhapathizwa ukuqonda nokuhlonipha ukuhlukana kwamasiko, okungaba ukhiye ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
• Zijwayeze nezikhulumi zomdabu. Izingxoxo ezijwayelekile nezikhulumi zomdabu zibonisa amakhandidethi ukuthi ulimi lusetshenziswa kanjani empilweni yansuku zonke, okuhlanganisa isitsotsi nezinkulumo zamasiko ezingatholakali ezincwadini zokufunda. Lo mqondo ubalulekile ekuqondeni ama-nuances omlomo kanye nezimpawu ezingasho amagama eziqondene nesiko.
• Lungiselela izimpendulo ezilindelwe ngamasiko. Thuthukisa ukwazi ukuthi izimpendulo zingabonwa kanjani izikhulumi zomdabu noma abahloli abavela ezizindeni ezihlukene zamasiko. Lokhu kudinga ukunikeza izimpendulo ezihambisana nokulindelwe ngokwesiko mayelana nesizotha, ukwenza okusemthethweni, kanye nendlela abantu abaxhumana ngayo, okudlula ukwazi nje ulimi.

Ama-faux pas avamile kanye nendlela yokuwagwema

• Ukusebenzisa ulimi olungakahleleki ngokungafanele. Kwamanye amasiko, ukusebenzisa ulimi oluvamile noma isitsotsi kungase kubonakale kuwukungahloniphi, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezisemthethweni njengezivivinyo. Abafundi kufanele bafunde amazinga okusemthethweni alindelekile olimini abahlolwa ngalo futhi banamathele kuwo ezimpendulweni zabo.
• Ukungaqondi izimpawu ezingasho ngomlomo. Ukwehluka kwamasiko ngolimi lomzimba, ukubheka amehlo, nokuthinta komzimba kungase kubangele ukungezwani. Ngokwesibonelo, kwamanye amasiko, ukubheka abantu emehlweni kuwuphawu lokuzethemba nokwethembeka, kanti kwamanye kungase kubhekwe njengenselele noma njengokungahloniphi. Abahlolwayo kufanele benze ucwaningo futhi bazijwayeze ukuxhumana ngendlela efanele okungasho ngomlomo ngesiko elihlobene nolimi.
• Ukuphatha izihloko ezibucayi. Izihloko ezivamile kwesinye isiko zingase zingamukeleki kwelinye. Isibonelo, ukuxoxa ngezindaba zomndeni noma impumelelo yomuntu siqu kungase kwamukelwe kwezinye izimo zamasiko kodwa kuthathwe njengokungafaneleki kwezinye ngesikhathi sokuhlola okusemthethweni. Abafundi kufanele bakhumbule imikhuba yamasiko futhi bagweme izifundo ezingase zibe bucayi ngaphandle uma beyalelwe umhloli.

Ngokuhlanganisa ukuqonda okubalulekile kwamasiko ekulungiseleleni izivivinyo, abazobhapathizwa bathuthukisa ikhono labo lokuhlanganyela ngempumelelo nangokufanele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komlomo. Ukuzivumelanisa nokulindelwe ngokwesiko kwesilungiselelo sokuhlolwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu kokubili ukusebenza kwabo nokusebenzisana kwabo nabahloli.

Izibonelo zemibuzo yokuhlolwa komlomo nezimpendulo

Ukuze ulungiselele kangcono amakhandidethi izivivinyo zomlomo, ikakhulukazi kuzilungiselelo eziqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe, kuyasiza ukuhlola imibuzo eyisibonelo esithile kanye nezimpendulo eziphakanyisiwe. Lezi zibonelo zenzelwe amazinga ahlukene amakhono olimi ngokusekelwe kuhlaka lwe-CEFR.

Izinga le-A1 - abaqalayo

• Umbuzo: “Yisiphi isifundo osithandayo esikoleni?”
  • Impendulo yesibonelo: “Isihloko engisithanda kakhulu esobuciko ngoba ngiyakuthanda ukudweba nokudweba. Kumnandi futhi kungenza ngibe nobuchule.”
• Umbuzo: “Chaza ikilasi lakho.”
  • Impendulo yesibonelo: “Ikilasi lami likhanya futhi likhulu. Kunamadeski amaningi kanye nebhodi elikhulu elimhlophe ngaphambili. Ngihlala eduze kwefasitela futhi ngiyayibona inkundla yokudlala ngisedeskini lami.

Ukuze uthole isibonelo esibonakalayo sokuthi le mibuzo ingaphendulwa kanjani esivivinyweni, bukela le vidiyo: Isibonelo sabaqalayo.

Ileveli ye-B2 - ephezulu-ephakathi

• Umbuzo: “Ungasichaza isimiso sakho sansuku zonke?”
  • Impendulo ivela ku- Model: “Nakanjani. Ngivame ukuvuka ngo-7 AM futhi ngiqale usuku lwami ngokugijima okusheshayo epaki. Ngemva kwalokho, ngidla isidlo sasekuseni, ngokuvamile esihlanganisa i-oatmeal nezithelo. Ngibe sengiya emsebenzini, lapho ngichitha khona ingxenye enkulu yosuku lwami. Kusihlwa, ngithanda ukufunda noma ukubuka ifilimu ukuze ngiphumule.”
• Umbuzo: “Ithini imibono yakho ngezinto zokuhamba zomphakathi emadolobheni amakhulu?”
  • Impendulo ivela ku- Model: “Ngikholwa wukuthi ezokuthutha zomphakathi emadolobheni amakhulu zibalulekile ekwehliseni isiminyaminya nokungcoliswa kwezimoto. Amasistimu asebenzayo enza uhambo lokuya emsebenzini lube lula futhi angathuthukisa izinga lempilo kubahlali. Nokho, amadolobha amaningi asadinga ukwandisa izinsizakalo zawo futhi andise ukusebenza kahle.”

Buka le vidiyo ukuze uthole umdwebo wokuthi imibuzo yezinga eliphakathi ingaphendulwa kanjani: Isibonelo se-upper-intermediate.

Izinga le-C2 - nekhono

• Umbuzo: "Xoxa ngomthelela wokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke emasikweni endawo."
  • Impendulo ivela ku- Model: “Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kunomthelela omkhulu emasikweni endawo, okuhle noma okubi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhuthaza ukushintshana ngamasiko futhi ingasiza ekusakazeni imibono nezinqubo ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, kungase futhi kuholele ku-homogenization yamasiko, lapho amasiko ahlukile angase agqitshwe yimikhuba yomhlaba wonke. Kubalulekile ukuthola ibhalansi ehlonipha ubunikazi bendawo kuyilapho wamukela ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke.”
• Umbuzo: "Hlola ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kude."
  • Impendulo ivela ku- Model: “Ukusebenza kude kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, njengokuvumelana nezimo kanye nezikhathi ezincishisiwe zokuya emsebenzini, okungaholela ekwandeni kokukhiqiza nokuphila okungcono komsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, iphinde iveze izinselelo ezifana nokuncipha kokubumbana kweqembu kanye nemithelela engaba khona empilweni yengqondo ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa. Ukusebenza kude okusebenzayo kudinga amathuluzi okuxhumana aqinile kanye nesiko eliqinile lenhlangano elisekela abasebenzi abakude. ”

Ukuze uthole isibonelo sezimpendulo zomlomo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, buka le vidiyo: Isibonelo sabanolwazi.

Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ubunkimbinkimbi obulindelekile nokujula kwezimpendulo emazingeni ahlukene e-CEFR. Nakuba izimo ezinikezwe lapha zingabandakanyi ngokuqondile ubuchwepheshe, kufanele wazi ukuthi izivivinyo zomlomo, ikakhulukazi ezilungiselelweni zamanje, ngokuvamile zingabandakanya izinkundla zokuxhumana zedijithali. Ukujwayelana nalezi zinkundla kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuhlolwa okuthuthukisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe kungabaluleka empumelelweni. Kuyinzuzo kumakhandidethi ukuthi azilolonge ngalobu buchwepheshe lapho kungenzeka khona ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi alungele noma iyiphi ifomethi izivivinyo zawo ezingase ziyithathe.

Manje, ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buhlanganiswe kanjani ezivivinyweni zomlomo nokuthi yimaphi amathuluzi namasu abantu okumele bawaqaphele.

Iqhaza lobuchwepheshe ezivivinyweni zomlomo

Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe ezivivinyweni zomlomo kuyiguqule kakhulu indlela lokhu kuhlola okwenziwa ngayo, kwathuthukisa ukufinyeleleka nokusebenza ngempumelelo. Lesi sigaba sihlinzeka ngesifinyezo sokuthuthuka okubalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nomthelela wako ezivivinyweni zomlomo, okuhlanganisa nendlela abafundi okufanele bazilungiselele ngayo ukusebenzisana nalobu buchwepheshe.

Amathuluzi abalulekile ezobuchwepheshe ezivivinyweni zomlomo

• Amathuluzi enkomfa ngevidiyo. Amapulatifomu afana ne-Zoom, Amaqembu e-Microsoft, kanye ne-Skype avame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izivivinyo zomlomo ukude, okusiza ukusebenzisana kwesikhathi sangempela phakathi kwabahloli nabahloli. Lawa mathuluzi avumela ukuxhumana okungenazihibe, njengokungathi bonke abathintekayo basegumbini elilodwa, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe ubuqotho bokuhlolwa kanye nesimo sokusebenzisana.
• Isofthiwe yokuqaphela inkulumo. Amathuluzi afana Ukuhlolwa Okuhlukile kukaPearson zisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukuphimisela, ukushelela, nohlelo lolimi ngesikhathi sangempela. Lobu buchwepheshe bubaluleke kakhulu ezivivinyweni zolwazi lolimi, kuhlola ikhono lomuntu ozongenela ukhetho lokusebenzisa ulimi ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokunemba.
• Amasistimu okukhiqiza azenzakalelayo. Amasistimu afana ne-ProctorU aqinisekisa ubuqotho bezivivinyo ezikude ngokuqapha ngokuphakelayo kwekhamera yewebhu kanye nokuthola ukungathembeki okungaba khona kwezemfundo. I-ProctorU, isibonelo, isebenzisa kokubili izindlela ezizenzakalelayo nezabantu ukuze iqondise izivivinyo, ihlole ukuziphatha okusolisayo nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yokuhlolwa. Lokhu kubalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho nokwethembeka.
• Amathuluzi empendulo nokuhlaziya. Izibalo zangemuva kokuhlolwa, njengalezo ezinikezwe isofthiwe ye-“TOEFL Practice Online” (TPO), zinikeza impendulo enemininingwane mayelana nokusebenza kwekhandidethi. Le softhiwe ilingisa indawo yokuhlola futhi iletha impendulo ebanzi, igqamisa izindawo ezifana nobubanzi bamagama, ukunemba kohlelo, kanye nokushelela. Imibono enjalo ibalulekile kumakhandidethi ukuthi aqonde amandla awo nezindawo okumele athuthuke.
• I-Virtual reality (VR) kanye ne-augmented reality (AR). Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa obufana ne-VR ne-AR budala izindawo ezingokoqobo zokuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlolwa okugxilile. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kolimi kungase kusebenzise i-VR ukubeka ikhandidethi kumakethe ebonakalayo lapho kufanele bahlanganyele nabathengisi, kuhlole amakhono abo olimi asebenzayo esimweni esiguqukayo nesiyiqiniso.

Ukulungiselela izivivinyo ezithuthukisiwe zobuchwepheshe

• Ukujwayelana nobuchwepheshe. Abafundi kufanele bachithe isikhathi bejwayelana namathuluzi ezobuchwepheshe azosetshenziswa phakathi nokuhlolwa kwabo komlomo. Isibonelo, izinkundla ezifana ne-Zoom zinikeza okokufundisa okuphelele kanye nenketho yokuthi abasebenzisi bajoyine umhlangano wokuhlola ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi zonke izilungiselelo zilungiswe ngendlela efanele. Lawa mathuba okuphrakthiza alungele ukujwayelana nezici zenkundla ngaphambi kosuku lokuhlolwa, ukusiza abazongenela ukhetho baqonde ukuthi la mathuluzi asebenza kanjani, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi banethezekile ngesixhumi esibonakalayo kanye nokusebenza.
• Prakthiza izikhathi. Ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokuzijwayeza usebenzisa isofthiwe ethile noma amathuluzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kusiza amakhandidethi ukuthi ajwayele izinhlobo zemibuzo azoyibona nokuthi aboniswa kanjani ngalobu buchwepheshe. Ukuzijwayeza okuvamile kunganciphisa kakhulu ukukhathazeka futhi uqiniseke ukuthi amakhandidethi azizwa ekhululekile ngobuchwepheshe.
• Ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe. Ukwenza amasheke obuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kubalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto zokusebenza nesofthiwe kusebenza ngendlela efanele, okuhlanganisa ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi, okokufaka komsindo, okuphumayo, nanoma yiziphi izilungiselelo zesofthiwe noma izidingo ezithile. Lawa malungiselelo asiza ukuvimbela izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
• Funa usizo. Uma amakhandidethi engaqiniseki ukuthi abusebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe, kufanele afune usizo kubafundisi noma emaqenjini osekelo lwezobuchwepheshe ahlinzekwa indikimba yokuhlola. Ukukhuthala ekuxazululeni izinkinga zobuchwepheshe kungasiza ukugwema izinkinga ngosuku lwesivivinyo.

Ngokuhlanganisa la masu ekulungiseleleni kwabo, abazobhapathizwa bangaqinisekisa ukuthi bakulungele ukuphendula imibuzo ngempumelelo nangokunethezeka ngobuchwepheshe obudlala indima ebalulekile ezivivinyweni zomlomo zesimanje. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kubalulekile ekukhuliseni ukusebenza nokunciphisa ingcindezi ehambisana nezixhumi ezibonakalayo zobuchwepheshe.

Amathiphu okuhlolwa omlomo empumelelo

Ngemva kokuhlola indima yobuchwepheshe ezivivinyweni zomlomo nendlela yokuzilungiselela izindawo ezithuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwakho phakathi nezivivinyo ngokwazo. Izivivinyo zomlomo zingaba umthombo obalulekile wokukhathazeka kodwa futhi zinikeze ithuba elihle kakhulu lokubonisa ulwazi lwakho namakhono okuxhumana. Ukuze uphumelele, kubalulekile ukuthi ulungiselele kahle ngokobuchwepheshe kanye nokuba yingcweti nekhono lokuletha ulwazi lwakho ngokuzethemba:

• Ukulungiselela okusebenzayo. Qala ukulungiselela kusenesikhathi. Zibandakanye ngokugcwele emisebenzini yekilasi, qedela izabelo zakho ngesikhathi, futhi ugxile olimini ngezincwadi, amamuvi, nezingxoxo nontanga. Gcina amakhadi e-cue anemishwana engukhiye nesilulumagama siseduze ukuze ubuyekeze ngomzuzu wokugcina.
• Ifuna isiqondiso. Xhumana nabafundisi ukuze uthole iseluleko sokulungiselela ukuhlolwa komlomo. Angakunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile futhi angakuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinto ezisekelayo njengamakhadi okukhomba ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
• Ukulawula ukukhathazeka. Sebenzisa amasu okuphumuza njengokuphefumula okujulile noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzindla njenge-Headspace ngokuzivocavoca okufushane, okuzolile. Ukuphatha ingcindezi ngempumelelo kubalulekile ukuze ugcine umcabango ucacile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
• Ukuzethemba kwephrojekthi. Ukuzethemba kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwakho. Zijwayeze ukuma ubude, ubheke emehlweni, futhi ukhulume ngokucacile ukuze ubonise ukuzethemba, ngisho noma uzizwa wethukile.
• Ukukhuluma ngamabomu. Thatha isikhathi sokuhlela ngokucophelela izimpendulo zakho. Khuluma ngokucacile nangesivinini esimaphakathi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izimpendulo zakho ziqondakala kahle. Gwema ukuxhamazela izimpendulo zakho ngoba kungaholela emaphutheni.
• Zibandakanye ngokugcwele. Phendula imibuzo ngezimpendulo ezinemininingwane. Chaza ukukhombisa ukuqonda okujulile kwesihloko. Uma ungawuqondi umbuzo, ungangabazi ukucela ukucaciselwa.
• Kubone ngeso lengqondo impumelelo. Sebenzisa amasu okubuka ukuze uthuthukise ukuzethemba kwakho nokusebenza. Zicabange uphumelela esivivinyweni ukuze uthuthukise ukulungela kwakho ngokwengqondo.
• Perspective. Khumbula, ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuyingxenye eyodwa nje yohambo lwakho lwezemfundo noma lomsebenzi. Ngeke ichaze lonke ikusasa lakho. Azoba khona amanye amathuba okukhombisa amakhono akho.

Ngemva kokuhlola amasu okuphumelela ezivivinyweni zomlomo, okuhlanganisa kokubili ukuzilungiselela kwezobuchwepheshe nokomuntu siqu, manje sesidlulisela ukunaka kwethu ezinhlotsheni zemibuzo ongase uhlangabezane nayo, ehlukaniswa ngeleveli yolwazi lolimi. Lesi sigaba sihlose ukucacisa izinhlobo zemibuzo ejwayelekile esigabeni ngasinye, sikusize ukuthi ulindele futhi ulungiselele izinselele ongase ubhekane nazo phakathi nokuhlolwa kwakho komlomo.

Imibuzo yokuhlolwa komlomo esekelwe ekwazisweni kolimi

Ukuqonda izinhlobo zemibuzo ongase ubhekane nayo kuye ngezinga lakho lobuchwepheshe kungakusiza uzilungiselele kangcono izinselele zokuhlolwa komlomo. Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuzo evamile ebuzwa emazingeni ahlukahlukene ngokohlaka lwe-CEFR:

Izinga le-A1 - abaqalayo

Kuleli zinga, imibuzo iqondile futhi yakhelwe ukuhlola amakhono olimi ayisisekelo. Ungase ubuzwe mayelana:

• Ulwazi lomuntu siqu (isb., “Uhlala kuphi?”)
• Izinqubo zansuku zonke (isb., “Udlani isidlo sasekuseni?”)
• Izincazelo ezilula (isb, “Sibukeka kanjani isikole sakho?”)

Izinga le-B2 - eliphakathi nendawo ephezulu

Njengoba ubungoti bakho bukhula, kuba yinkimbinkimbi kwemibuzo. Kuleli zinga, lindela imibuzo edinga ukuthi:

• Xoxa ngemibono engabonakali (isb, “Iziphi izinzuzo zokufunda ku-inthanethi?”)
• Yabelana ngemibono (isb, “Ucabanga ukuthi izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi zisebenza kangakanani edolobheni lakho?”)
• Chaza okwenzekile (isb., “Ngitshele ngohambo lwakamuva oluthathile.”)

Izinga le-C2 - nekhono

Emazingeni aphezulu, imibuzo idinga ukuqonda okujulile kanye nekhono lokubeka imicabango eyinkimbinkimbi. Imibuzo ingabandakanya:

• Ukuhlaziya izindaba zomhlaba (isb., “Iyini imithelela yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke emnothweni wendawo?”)
• Ukuhlola izimo (isb, “Xoxa ngobuhle nobubi bomsebenzi oqhelile.”)
• Ukuveza imibono enemininingwane ngezihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi (isb, “Intuthuko yesimanjemanje ibuthinta kanjani ubumfihlo bomuntu siqu?”)

Kulelo nalelo zinga, kufanele kugxilwe ekuqondeni izinhlobo zemibuzo nokulungiselela izimpendulo ezibonisa ikhono lolimi lwakho ngempumelelo. Esikhundleni sokubamba izimpendulo ezithile ngekhanda, gxila ekuthuthukiseni amakhono olimi avumelana nezimo akuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izihloko ezihlukahlukene futhi uphendule ngokuzethemba imibuzo engalindelekile.

Imishwana ebalulekile yezivivinyo zomlomo

Ngemva kokuhlola imibuzo ebalulekile kuwo wonke amazinga ahlukahlukene wobungcweti, kubalulekile ukunikeza imishwana ehambisanayo ethuthukisa ukusebenzisana futhi ibonise amakhono olimi. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izibonelo ezikhethwe ngokukhethekile ngeleveli ngayinye ye-CEFR, eklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana namakhono alindelekile esigabeni ngasinye sobungcweti. Ukwengeza, sihlinzeka ngezimo ezivamile lapho le misho izosetshenziswa khona ngempumelelo, ukusiza abafundi ukuthi bahlole izivivinyo zabo zomlomo ngempumelelo.

I-A1 ukuya ku-A2 (umsebenzisi oyisisekelo)

• Sizethula. “Sawubona, igama lami ngingu [igama lakho], futhi ngivela [ezweni]. Ngiyafunda [isihloko].”
• Ukubuza imibuzo elula. “Lisho ukuthini [igama]?”
• Ukwenza izitatimende ezilula. “Ngithanda [umsebenzi] ngoba umnandi.”

Isibonelo sesimo:

• Umhloli: "Iziphi izinto zokuzilibazisa ozithandayo?"
• Umfundi: “Ngiyakuthanda ukufunda ngoba kuyaphumuza futhi kuyajabulisa.”

I-B1 ukuya ku-B2 (umsebenzisi ozimele)

• Ukuveza imibono. “Ngokwami, ngikholwa ukuthi [isihloko] sibalulekile ngoba…”
• Ifuna izincazelo. "Ungangichazela ukuthi usho ukuthini [ngegama]?"
• Kuchazwa okuhlangenwe nakho. "Muva nje, ngizizwe ..."

Isibonelo sesimo:

• Umhloli: "Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi ukufunda ku-inthanethi kusebenza kahle?"
• Umfundi: "Ngokombono wami, ukufunda ku-inthanethi kusebenza kahle ngoba kuvumela ukuguquguquka nokufinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinsiza."

I-C1 kuya ku-C2 (Umsebenzisi Onekhono)

• Ukuhlaziya izindaba. "Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko [ngesihloko] kubandakanya ..."
• Ukuqagela imiphumela. "Uma kwenzeka [isenzo], kungenzeka kubangele ..."
• Izincazelo ezithuthukile. “Ngifisa ukwazi okwengeziwe [ngesihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi]; ungakwazi ukwandisa iphuzu lakho langaphambilini?"

Isibonelo sesimo:

• Umhloli: "Iyini imiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke?"
• Umfundi: “Ukufudumala komhlaba kunomthelela omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kuholela ekucekeleni phansi kwendawo okuhlala kuyo, okubangela usongo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Singaxoxa ngokuqondile ngomthelela wezilwane zasolwandle?”

Amathiphu asebenzayo okusebenzisa le misho

• Zivumelanise nezimo. Nakuba le mishwana ihlinzeka ngesakhiwo, ivumelanise ngokusekelwe ekuhambeni kwengxoxo kanye nemibuzo ethile ebuziwe.
• Gwema ukukhumbula ngekhanda. Gxila ekuqondeni umsebenzi womusho ngamunye kunokuwukhumbula ngekhanda igama negama. Le ndlela isiza ukuzisebenzisa ngamandla ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwangempela komlomo.
• Prakthiza ngokoqobo. Sebenzisa le mishwana ezivivinyweni zokuzijwayeza noma ngezikhathi nontanga noma abeluleki. Lo mkhuba uzosiza ukuqinisa ikhono lakho lokuwasebenzisa ngokwemvelo nangempumelelo.

Ukwenza kahle le mishwana ebalulekile nokuqonda ukuthi usetshenziswa nini futhi kanjani kuzothuthukisa amakhono akho okuxhumana ezivivinyweni zomlomo. Ngokuzijwayeza le mishwana ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, uzolungela kangcono ukubhekana nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusebenzisana kwangempela, uqinisekise ukuthi ungaphendula ngokuzethemba nangokucacile ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlolwa.

Ukuzindla nokuthuthukiswa kwangemuva kokuhlolwa

Inqubo yokufunda iyaqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokuqeda ukuhlolwa komlomo. Ukucabanga ngalokho okwenzekile nokusebenzisa impendulo etholiwe kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo. Lesi sigaba sokugcina sibonisa izinyathelo zokuhlaziya ngempumelelo ukusebenza kokuhlolwa kwakho nokusebenzisa imininingwane oyizuzile ukuze uthuthuke.

Ukucabanga ngesipiliyoni sokuhlolwa

Cabanga ngalokho okuhambe kahle nokuthi yini engathuthukiswa:

• Izindawo zokududuza. Khomba izingxenye zokuhlolwa ezizizwe zikhululekile kakhulu.
• Izinselele. Khomba imibuzo noma izigaba ebezinzima.
• Ukuxhumana. Linganisa ukuthi uzidlulisele ngempumelelo kangakanani izimpendulo zakho.
• lezimanga. Qaphela noma yiziphi izinselele ezingalindelekile.

Ukusingatha impendulo ngendlela eyakhayo

Impendulo evela kubahloli ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni:

• Lalela ngenkuthalo. Nakisisa phakathi kwanoma yiziphi izibuyekezo zangemva kokuhlolwa noma lapho uthola imiphumela elinganiselwe.
• Cela ukucaciselwa. Funa izincazelo ezinemininingwane uma impendulo ingacacile.
• Hlala uhle. Buka ucezu ngalunye lwempendulo njengethuba lokuthuthukisa.

Ukwakha uhlelo lokuthuthukisa

Dala uhlelo lokubhekana nezindawo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa:

• Amakhono athile. Gxila ekuzilolongeni ezindaweni ebezinenkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
• Ubuchule bolimi. Ezivivinyweni zolimi, ukuzijwayeza okwengeziwe kungase kudingeke ezicini ezithile zolimi ezifana nesilulumagama noma uhlelo lolimi.
• Ukucindezeleka ukuphathwa. Uma ukukhathazeka kuthinta ukusebenza kwakho, sebenzisa amasu okwakha ukuzethemba.

Ukusebenzisa ukuzindla ekuhloleni okuzayo

Ukuzindla okuvamile kungathuthukisa indlela ephumelela kakhudlwana yokufunda nokulungiselela ukuhlolwa:

• Ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo. Gcina isimo sengqondo sokuthatha isinyathelo ngemfundo.
• Ukuhlelwa kwenhloso. Ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni kwakho, beka imigomo ethile, efinyelelekayo yezindawo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa. Lokhu kusiza ukugxila emizamweni yakho futhi kunikeze okuhlosiwe okucacile ongakufuna.
• Ukucabangisisa okuhleliwe. Hlola njalo ukuqhubeka kwakho ukuze uqinisekise ukulungela izinselele zesikhathi esizayo.

Ngokuzindla ngokuhlelekile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho nokuzibandakanya emisebenzini yokuthuthukisa eqondisiwe, ungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwakho ezivivinyweni zomlomo ezizayo. Le nqubo yakha ulwazi futhi isiza ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo ezibalulekile njengokukhuthazela nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ezibalulekile empumelelweni yezemfundo neyomsebenzi.

Isiphetho

Lo mhlahlandlela ugqamisa ukuthi ukwenza kahle ezivivinyweni zomlomo kudlulela ngalé kokwazi ulwazi; kuhilela ukwazi ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngobungcweti, kanye nokuqonda izici ezihlukahlukene zamasiko. Ukulungiselela okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuzilolonga ngokwangempela nokuzindla ngalokho okuhlangenwe nakho ukuze uthuthukise amakhono akho ngokuqhubekayo. Njengoba wenza ngcono ukusebenza kwakho kulezi zivivinyo, awuloli nje kuphela amakhono akho okucabanga okusheshayo nokuphendula kodwa futhi uthuthukisa amakhono abalulekile ezindaweni zezemfundo nezomsebenzi. Zonke izivivinyo zomlomo zinikeza ithuba lokukhulisa amamaki akho futhi ukhulise ukuzethemba kwakho ekukhulumeni. Qhubeka ulwela ukuphumelela, futhi uvivinyo ngalunye malube yisitebhisi esiholela ekubeni nekhono lokuxhumana okucacile.