Kunoma yimuphi umbhalo obanzi, izihloko eziphumelelayo zibalulekile ekuhlukaniseni umbhalo ube izigaba ezilawulekayo. Lokhu kusiza ababhali bakhulume ngemibono yabo ngokucacile futhi kunikeza abafundi izici ezicacile zokuthi bahlole okuqukethwe. Lezi zihloko—imishwana emifushane noma izitatimende—zibonisa lokho ingxenye ngayinye elandelayo ezogxila kukho, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe kokubili ukucaca nokuba lula kokuzulazula.
Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizongena kubuciko bokwenza izihloko eziphumelelayo ezingathuthukisa kokubili ukubhala okusemthethweni nokungahlelekile. Sizofaka ukubaluleka kwazo, izici ezibalulekile, nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, njengezihloko zemibuzo nezitatimende. Kusukela emininingwaneni yosonhlamvukazi kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwamasu kwezihlokwana, umgomo wethu uwukukunikeza amakhono okwenza ukubhala kwakho kuhleleke kakhudlwana futhi kufinyeleleke kubafundi.
Ukubaluleka nencazelo yezihloko ezisebenzayo
Izihloko ezisebenzayo ziyithuluzi elibalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokubhala oluhlose ukucaca nokuhleleka. Zifeza izinhloso eziningi: kusukela ekusizeni umbhali ukuhlela imicabango yakhe kuye ekuvumeleni umfundi ukuthi abheke okuqukethwe. Kulesi sigaba, sizocubungula izici zezihloko ezisebenzayo, sihlole izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihloko, futhi sixoxe ngokubaluleka kwazo kukho kokubili ukubhala kwezemfundo nokungahlelekile.
Siyini isihloko?
Isihloko yisihloko esifushane, esigxilile esisebenza njengomhlahlandlela wokuqukethwe okulandelayo. Kusiza ukuhlukanisa umbhalo ube izigaba ezilawulekayo, okwenza kube lula ngomfundi ukuthi azibandakanye futhi aqonde okuqukethwe. Izihloko zivame ukuvela njengezitatimende noma imibuzo futhi zibeke inkundla yesihloko sesigaba. Zisebenza njengezinsiza zokuhamba, ezivumela umfundi ukuthi askene ngokushesha idokhumenti futhi athole ulwazi olufanele.
Ukubaluleka kwezihloko ezisebenzayo
Izihloko zisebenza njengomhlahlandlela wabo bobabili umbhali kanye nomfundi, okubenza babe yingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yimuphi umsebenzi obhaliwe. Balula izinqubo zokubhala nokufunda ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
- Basiza ababhali. Izihloko ezisebenzayo zisiza ababhali ukuhlela nokuhlela ukubhala kwabo. Lapho usebenza ngezingcezu ezinde njengamaphepha emfundo noma anemininingwane blog izikhala, izihloko zisebenza njengesiqondiso. Ngokuvamile zihlala kuhlaka lokugcina ukuze zisize umfundi aqonde umbhalo kangcono.
- Baqondisa abafundi. Izihloko zazisa abafundi ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yombhalo imayelana nani, zisiza ekuzulazuleni okulula. Ngokwesibonelo, uma othile ezama ukufunda ukubhaka isinkwa ngebhulogi yokupheka, izihloko ezinjengokuthi “Ingredients,” “Ukulungiselela,” kanye “Nesikhathi sokubhaka” zingamqondisa ngokuqondile olwazini aludingayo.
- Kumele zicace. Njengoba izihloko eziphumelelayo zibalulekile ekuqondiseni abafundi, kufanele zibe mfushane futhi zicace, zibonise ngokunembile lokho ingxenye elandelayo ezoxoxa ngayo.
Izihloko ezisebenzayo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhleleni ukubhala nokwenza kube lula ukuzulazula. Abasizi ababhali kuphela ekuvezeni imibono yabo kodwa futhi basiza abafundi ukuthi bafingqe ulwazi ngendlela eyimpumelelo.
Izici zesihloko ezisebenzayo
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuqukethwe okubhaliwe, amandla esihlokwana esisebenzayo awakwazi ukweqiwa. Lesi sigaba singena ezicini ezenza isihloko siphumelele, njenge-syntax eyisisekelo, osonhlamvukazi abafanelekile, ulimi olucacile, nobude obufanele. Ukuqonda lezi zakhi kungathuthukisa kokubili isipiliyoni sokubhala nokufunda.
I-syntax eyisisekelo
Izihloko ezisebenzayo ngokuvamile zikhetha ukufushaniswa kunobunzima. Umusho ogcwele uqukethe kokubili umenzi (njengomuntu, indawo, noma into) kanye nesenzo (isenzo umenziwa).
Kodwa-ke, izihloko ngokuvamile zigwema ukulungiselelwa okuphelele kwesihloko/sesenzo futhi esikhundleni salokho zisebenzisa imishwana yamabizo noma amatemu ayisihluthulelo ukuze kube lula ukuwaskena.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- Umusho ophelele mayelana nezitshalo ungase uthi: 'I-Cacti ifaneleka kahle endaweni eyomile.'
- Isihloko esisebenzayo singavele sithi 'Cacti ezindaweni ezomile.'
Lokhu kugcina isihloko siqondile futhi sisheshe ukusiqonda, kusiza abafundi ukuthi bathole ukugxila kwesigaba esilandelayo ngokushesha.
I-Capitalization
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubhala ngosonhlamvukazi izihloko: Icala lesihloko kanye necala lomusho. Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu kokubili kuvame ukuncika ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne umhlahlandlela wesitayela ulandela, uhlobo lokubhala ozibandakanya kulo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izintandokazi zesifunda.
| Uhlobo lwecala | Incazelo | Isibonelo |
| Isihloko icala | Igama ngalinye elibalulekile linosonhlamvukazi, ngaphandle kwamagama amafushane afana no-'kanye,' 'noma,' 'kodwa,' njll. | "Indlela yokubhaka ikhekhe" |
| Icala lomusho | Igama lokuqala kuphela nanoma yimaphi amabizo angosonhlamvukazi abhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi. | "Indlela yokubhaka ikhekhe" |
Esigabeni esilandelayo, sizohlola ukuthi imihlahlandlela yesitayela, izintandokazi zesifunda, kanye nokubhala okungakahleleki kubathinta kanjani osonhlamvukazi besihloko.
| Isici | Imininingwane nezibonelo |
| Izinkomba zesitayela | • Inhlangano Yezilimi Zesimanje (MLA): Incoma icala lesihloko. • I-Associated Press (AP): Weluleka ngokusebenzisa umusho. |
| Okuthandwayo kwesifunda | • IsiNgisi sase-American: Ngokuvamile sithanda icala lesihloko. • IsiNgisi saseBrithani: Incike ecaleni lesigwebo. |
| Ukubhala okungakahleleki | Ekubhaleni komuntu siqu noma okungakahleleki njengamabhulogi, unenkululeko yokukhetha isitayela sakho sosonhlamvukazi osithandayo. |
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi noma ngabe umbhali ukhetha ukusebenzisa icala lomusho noma icala lesihloko, amabizo oqobo kumele abhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amagama abantu abathile, izindawo, noma izinto.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- 'Ukuhlola amapaki emvelo e-canada'
- Esihlokweni somusho njengokuthi 'Ukuhlola amapaki emvelo e-Canada,' igama elifanele elithi 'Canada' libhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi.
Ulimi olucacile
Ababhali kufanele balwele ukucaca nokulula. Ukusebenzisa ulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi noma olukhethekile kungase kudide abafundi noma kwenze isigaba singafinyeleleki kalula. Kunalokho, isihloko esiklanywe kahle kufanele sifinyeze kafushane okuqukethwe esiza ngaphambili, sinikeze ireferensi esheshayo yabafundi abavamise ukushwiba umbhalo. Ukungaguquguquki ekufometheni kanye nosonhlamvukazi kuzo zonke izihloko nakho kuyazuzisa.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- 'Ingxoxo Ejulile Yemithelela Yokuhlukahluka Kwe-Solar Angles Kumazinga e-Photosynthesis Ezihlahleni Eziluhlaza'
- 'Indlela Ukukhanya Kwelanga Kuthinta Ngayo I-Photosynthesis ku-Evergreens'
Ubude obufanelekile
Izihloko eziphumelelayo kufanele zibe izifinyezo ezimfushane zokuqukethwe esigabeni esilandelayo. Njengoba indikimba eyinhloko yombhalo inikeza imininingwane, isihloko esiphumelelayo kufanele sibambe umqondo oyinhloko ngamagama ambalwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukwenza kanjalo akwenzi nje kuphela umbhalo uzulazule kalula kodwa futhi kuzuzisa abafundi abashwibayo idokhumenti.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- 'Amasu Aphelele Okuphatha Ngempumelelo Umthwalo Wakho Wezemfundo Phakathi Nesemester'
- 'Ukuphathwa Komthwalo Wokusebenza Kwesemester'
Izinhlobo zezihloko
Izihloko ezisebenzayo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhleleni umbhalo nokwenza kube lula kubafundi ukuthi bazule besebenzisa idokhumenti. Zisebenza njengezimpawu ezibonakalayo, zisiza ukuhlukanisa izihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi nemibono zibe izingxenye ezingenamandla. Izinhlobo ezehlukene zezihloko zifeza izinjongo ezihlukene, ukusuka ekubuzeni imibuzo kuye ekwenzeni izitatimende noma ukugqamisa izihlokwana.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihloko ezisebenzayo, izici zazo, kanye nezibonelo ukukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezimweni ezehlukene.
| Uhlobo lwezihloko | Incazelo | Ukusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe | Isibonelo |
| Izihloko zemibuzo | Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo isigaba esilandelayo esihlose ukuwuphendula. | Ivame ukutholakala kokuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kanye nama-FAQ. | “Amandla elanga asebenza kanjani?” |
| Izihloko zesitatimende | Lezi izitatimende ezimfushane neziqondile ezichaza lokho okuzoxoxwa yisigaba esilandelayo. | Iwusizo kukho kokubili ukubhala okusemthethweni nokungakahleleki, okuhlanganisa amaphepha ezemfundo nokuthunyelwe kwebhulogi. | “Umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu” |
| Izihloko zesihloko | Lezi yizinhlobo ezimfishane nezijwayelekile kakhulu zesihloko. Babeka inkundla yokuthi isihloko sombhalo sizoba yini. | Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kombhalo njengebhulogi. Izihloko ezinemininingwane eyengeziwe zisetshenziselwa izigaba ezilandelayo. | "Ubuchwepheshe" |
| Izihlokwana | Lezi yizihloko ezihamba ngaphansi kwesihloko esikhulu ukuhlukanisa isihloko sibe izingxenye ezincane. | Isetshenziswa ekubhaleni okuningiliziwe, njengamaphepha emfundo noma okuthunyelwe okubanzi kwebhulogi. | "Izinzuzo zamandla avuselelekayo", "Izinselele ekuthathweni kwazo" |
Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa izihloko ezisebenzayo kungenza ukubhala kwakho kufinyeleleke kalula futhi kube lula ukukufingqa. Ukukhethwa kwezihloko kungahluka kuye ngendawo emaphakathi noma inkundla, kodwa izimiso ezijwayelekile zokuhlela nokucaca zihlala zifana. Ngokusebenzisa uhlobo olufanele lwesihloko sesigaba ngasinye, ungakwazi ukuqondisa umfundi kokuqukethwe kwakho ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, wenzele ukufunda okuzuzisa kakhulu.
Kulabo ababhalela ngokukhethekile izinkundla zedijithali ezifana namawebhusayithi noma amabhulogi, kufanelekile ukuqonda omaka abavamile besihloko se-HTML—H1, H2, H3, ne-H4—nokuthi basebenza kanjani phakathi kwesigaba sokuqukethwe kwakho:
- I-H1: Lesi ngokuvamile yisihloko esiyinhloko noma isihloko esivamile, isibonelo, “Izixazululo zamandla aqhubekayo.”
- H2, H3, H4: Lezi izihlokwana ezihlukanisa okuqukethwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esikhulu se-H1. Isibonelo, "Amandla elanga achaziwe" angaba i-H2, "Izinhlobo zamaphaneli elanga" kungaba i-H3, futhi "Indlela yokunakekela amaphaneli akho elanga" kungaba i-H4.
Lawa mathegi kanhlokweni asiza kokubili umfundi nezinjini zokusesha ukuqonda ukwakheka kwedokhumenti yakho, okuyenza ifinyeleleke kalula futhi kube lula ukuyizulazula.
Isibonelo sesihloko esisebenzayo
Uma uhlela ukubhala ibhulogi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zekhofi, izihloko zakho zingase zibukeke kanje:
| Konke Mayelana Nekhofi: Umhlahlandlela Wabaqalayo (H1) Bengilokhu ngiyi-aficionado yekhofi kusukela ekuphuzeni kwami kokuqala kwe-java. Kubhulogi yanamuhla, asithathe uhambo lokuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zekhofi ongase uzijabulele. Kungani Ikhofi? (H2) Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ezinhlotsheni zekhofi, ake sikhulume ngokuthi kungani ikhofi lithandeka kangaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphunga, ukunambitheka, noma ukukhahlela kwe-caffeine, kukhona okuthile kwawo wonke umuntu. Izinhlobo Zekhofi Okufanele Uzizame (H2) Manje njengoba sesihlanganise ukuthi kungani ikhofi lisifanele isikhathi sakho, ake sihlole izinhlobo okufanele uzame okungenani kanye empilweni yakho. Iziphuzo ze-Espresso (H3) Okokuqala, ake sixoxe ngomhlaba weziphuzo ezisekelwe ku-espresso, kusukela ku-Espresso yakho elula ukuya ku-Cappuccino enamagwebu. 1. I-Espresso (H4 noma uhlu) Isibhamu sokuphila, noma basho kanjalo! |
Kulesi sibonelo, “Konke Mayelana Nekhofi: Umhlahlandlela Wabaqalayo” usebenza njengesihloko esiyinhloko (H1), ukusetha umongo wonke we-athikili. Izihlokwana ezithi “Why Coffee?” kanye nokuthi “Izinhlobo Zekhofi Okufanele Uzame” (zombili i-H2) ziqhubeka nesegimenti yokuqukethwe, futhi “Iziphuzo ze-Espresso” zisebenza njengesihlokwana se-H3 ukuze kuhlukaniswe uhlobo oluthile lwekhofi. Lezi zihloko nezihlokwana zisebenzisa “Ikesi Lesihloko,” lapho igama ngalinye elibalulekile libhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi, ngaphandle kwamagama amafushane afana no-'kanye,' 'noma,' 'kodwa,' njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, “1. I-Espresso” ingasebenza njengesihloko se-H4 noma ingxenye yohlu olunezinombolo, kuye ngezinga lemininingwane ofisa ukulifaka.
Ukusebenzisa izihloko ezinjalo ngokuqinisekile kwenza noma iyiphi ibhulogi noma i-athikili ihleleke kakhudlwana, okuvumela ukufunda okulula nokujabulisayo.
Isiphetho
| Ngemva kokuhlola imininingwane yezihloko ezisebenzayo, kuyacaca ukuthi zisebenza njengamathuluzi abalulekile okuzulazula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokubhala. Kusukela emaphepheni emfundo kuya kokuthunyelwe kumabhulogi, izihloko ezisebenzayo zisiza ababhali ukuhlela imibono yabo futhi banikeze abafundi imephu yomgwaqo ukuze kube lula ukuzulazula. Ukuqonda izici zabo—ukucaca, ukufingqa, kanye nosonhlamvukazi abafanelekile—kungathuthukisa kakhulu ulwazi lokubhala nokufunda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumbhali ophokophele inhlangano ethuthukisiwe noma umfundi ofuna okuqukethwe okuqondakala kalula, ukwazi ikhono lokwakha izihloko eziphumelelayo kubaluleke kakhulu. |
